# data[].attributes.body
Inappropriate push-in/pull-out method

# data[].attributes.body
CALP needs masked by proficiency in BICS

# data[].attributes.body
Parents do not speak English (can lead to poor communication with teachers and other education professionals)

# data[].attributes.body
School located in a rural area (limits resources and possible funding)

# data[].attributes.body
No peers who speak the same language

# data[].attributes.body
High needs of class demographic (less students able to receive necessary support)

# data[].attributes.body
Lack of diverse texts and resources in the classroom

# data[].attributes.body
Teacher's poor understanding of student's culture/Teacher's incorrect/stereotyped understanding of student's culture

# data[].attributes.body
Lack of positive peer relationships or role models

# data[].attributes.body
Home country in political turmoil

# data[].attributes.body
Poor aptitude for language acquisition

# data[].attributes.body
Differences between first language attributes and English

# data[].attributes.body
Lack of confidence

# data[].attributes.body
Lack of meaningful language practice outside the classroom

# data[].attributes.body
Lack of access to technology/additional resources outside of school

# data[].attributes.body
Poor literacy skills in students’ first language

# data[].attributes.body
Incomplete or inaccurate assessment by teacher, ESL specialist, or other professional

# data[].attributes.body
Teacher's lack of collaboration with ESL specialist or other professionals

# data[].attributes.body
Teacher approach from a deficit mindset

# data[].attributes.body
Parental involvement

# data[].attributes.body
Age

# data[].attributes.body
Gaps in formal education

# data[].attributes.body
Prior knowledge and skills

# data[].attributes.body
Incongruent cultural values about school or learning between home country and Canada

# data[].attributes.body
Students and their family’s situational factors (e.g., socio-economic status, need for student to work to support the family, large number of younger siblings)

# data[].attributes.body
Unwelcoming classroom/school community

# data[].attributes.body
Racist/Xenophobic attitude towards student from the community

# data[].attributes.body
Unsupportive learning community (e.g., poor instructional strategies, lack of teacher training, funding)

# data[].attributes.body
Lack of motivation

# data[].attributes.body
Personality/Attitude (e.g., does not like school/homework, poor work ethic)

# data[].attributes.body
Exceptionality/Learning Disability

# data[].attributes.body
Trauma

# data[].attributes.body
Anxiety

# data[].attributes.body
Trauma