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HISTORY OF PHOTOGRAPHY

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Founder and the president CEO of Kodak. Creator of the brownie camera and was a pioneer of popular photography. He sold his first camera which was a box camera with 100 exposures in 1888. His inventions changed the world.

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The Eastman Kodak Company made a camera called the Brownie that was sold for only $1 and could be brought anywhere.

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This camera was created in 1900 in NY. It was mass-produced and was very easy for the public to purchase, making it one of the best selling cameras in the 1900s.

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The brownie camera could actually produce very well lit images. Of course the quality isn't as good as today's camera, but the quality still captured unforgettable moments that so many people were able to get their hands on.

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The Brownie launch was an absolute success that changed people's lives. Hundreds of thousands of people were able to get their hands on these for such a low price. It impacted the world because people started to capture the world

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Documentary photography (1900) Edward Curtis

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Documentary photography (1900) Edward Curtis

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Edwart Curtis was an influential photographer who travelled all around North America capturing images to later be added to a 20 volume set of the lives of Native Americans

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The time period that Edward Curtis capture Native Americans was during a time where Americans were continuing to push the Natives further west. He saw it as his duty to capture such a historic time in history to see the Natives living their lives before it was too late.

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When Edward Curtis would notice something he didn't like about the Native Americans, he would change it and make it his way because he wanted them to look as perfect as he could. I think this went against his intentions of capturing their lives as they are, and now we will never know how they actually looked.

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Despite his changes he made to the images taken of the Native Americans, he gave everyone a good idea of what their lives were like before the Americans took over. The Native Americans didn't like the changes he made, but everyone else loved being able to see what their lives looked like.

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Magazine Photography (1905) Gilbert Grosvenor

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Magazine Photography (1905) Gilbert Grosvenor

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Gilbert Grosvenor was the first full-time editor of the National Geographic magazine and built the foundation of how magazines are published.

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On September 22, 1888, National Geographic launched it's first issue. The magazine did not become popular until the early 1900s. People did not really have an idea as to what the rest of the world looked like until Magazine photography came to life, and this attracted a lot of attention.

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Americans were able to form their impression on the rest of the world thanks to National Geographic. Letting everyone see the different cultures of the world really gave them some perspective on their own, and this led to the rising of the very popular magazine even to this day.

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Alfred Stienglitz started the Photo- Secessionist movement also known as Pictorialism. Pictorialism focuses on the beauty of subject matter and composition and it expressed creativity and freedom with photography.

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This photo taken by Edward J. Steichen features the largest building in NYC a the time. As you can tell, it was raining at the time but he used his camera as a tool to capture this very moment.

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Pictorialism brought art and photography together. People would recognize it as art because it expressed creativity and personal accomplishment with the stories that come along with photos. Photos even made their way to museums because of how much power they hold within them.

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Social Reform Photography (1906) Lewis Hine

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Social Reform Photography (1906) Lewis Hine

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Photography and photos soon turned political when it started to have an influence on what people believed. Lewis Hine believed that photos could bring nationwide support for certain movements and voting calls needed.

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Lewis Hine exposed child labor with his photo of The Mill. It captured children as little as 3 years old being forced to work. Because of the exposure, the public no longer would support such act.

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With the photos that Lewis Hine captured of children working hard labor hours, it called for stricter labor laws regarding the children and saved so many from a wasteful future.

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Lewis Hines' work definitely led to a new use of photos taken within photography. A lot of attention was brought to the people regarding issues that Hine saw as potentially dangerous. His photos along with the public's help led to federal legislation modifying child labor laws.

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1908 was the year that the Kodak company made an inention that would change the world at the time and future generations to come. Postcards were constructed with an image on one side and room on the back for a message, these are still used today.

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Publishers of privately printed mailing cards had authorization by Congress to sell cards to the public that could be shipped at a rate of one cent provided by the USPOD. This happened in May 19, 1898. A majority of these PMC were greeting cards where the address would be stamped on and the rest of the card was left for other messages.

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This postcard has a girl on a trip and it says "Wish you were here, J". This is just one of thousands examples of postcards that were used to express love to one another and communicate with people around the world.

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Postcards were an inexpensive tool that changed the world. People were able to communicate with others by sending messages and photographs to family and friends. They paved the way for photograph montages and opened a door where 677 million postcards were being delivered worldwide.

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Time-Motion Studies (1911) with Frank Gilbreth

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Time-Motion Studies (1911) with Frank Gilbreth

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Frank Gilbreth found ways to break down each worker's movement an try to find their purpose. He attached flashing lights to the worker's fingers to see and time how long each action took

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Gilbreth captured many amazing moments, some of his best being when he was observing surgeons. He noticed that a lot of time was wasted when surgeons would look for tools, so he came up with the practice of having someone assigned to grabbing instruments so the surgeon can focus on the incision. Very creative of him and it's still a practice used to this very day.

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Time-Motion studies really benefited the workers and their studies. Efficiency was not a worry but it was something that everyone lacked, and the help of Time-Motion studies would encourage workers to be fast and accurate in their works.

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Strand is the architect of Straight Photography. His style was to utilize the camera to bring new perspectives into art. There was a lot of revolution at the time, and Straight Photography tagged along and brought new ideas to art.

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Straight Photography became the aesthetic of the 20th century. The name came to be because straight photographs were not to be edited or changed. It's first version was it's final draft, and this was to bring as much reality into the photographs as possible.

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This picture is  very unique because it wasn't edited, but Strand would rearrange the photo in such a way where the viewers are to look at the image with curiosity. He turned the chair and table on it's side, making it's final product mysterious.

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He made straight photography to inspire the next generation of photographers to be creative with their work, but do so in an original way where not much is being into it. He was similar to Picasso with his abstract form, and saw photography as an art form.

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Tabloid Journalism (1919): The New York Daily News, Daily Mirror, Evening Graphic

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Tabloid Journalism (1919): The New York Daily News, Daily Mirror, Evening Graphic

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In July 1919, New Yorkers notices newsstands being sold as they walked the streets. The newspapers consisted of big headlines and pictures to attract the crowd and get the people talking. Photos, cartoons, and stories filled the papers and fulfilled the interests of the readers. The biggest papers at the time were Illustrated Daily News, Daily Mirror, and Evening Graphic.

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The first issue of Illustrated Daily was produced on June 26, 1919 by Joseph Medill Patterson. He was a WWI veteran and focused on making his first tabloid-sized newspaper in America. He rented out a location in Manhattan to make it happen and hired nine people to create a crew that would work on the tabloid.

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Tabloids were created to get the crowd talking by using celebrities and big news stories. Tabloids brought a new type of photography and purpose in the world and brought lots of money to those who owned them. The downside to tabloids is that it broke away from true journalism.

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Tabloid journalism brought a new kind of photography that would be used for years to come. Some of the original headlines are still being issued to this day, and is produced for the same purposes. Tabloids have also transitioned to online news websites, but all originated from them being on paper.

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Celebrity Photography (1920) George Hurrell

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Celebrity Photography (1920) George Hurrell

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George Hurrell was a photographer who contributed to the image of glamour presented by Hollywood. He was best known for his portraits of celebrities who were mostly Hollywood movie stars. He changed the way that the media saw celebrities forever.

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Hurrell created stars through his photography. He turned sport stars such as Babe Ruth into a celebrity that the public fell in love with for years to come. This shows that he didn't just capture celebrities in action, but he also created them in many different ways.

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Joan Crawford Portrait by George Hurrell

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Joan Crawford Portrait by George Hurrell

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Hurrell was best known for his portraits of Hollywood movie stars, one of them being Joan Crawford. With his style of lighting and composition, he brought out the strong features of glamour that was within Hollywood and it's actors.

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George Hurrell was a well-known Hollywood glamour photography with a connection to Laguna Beach. Laguna to Hollywood is on display in the museum. The show features his early years as a photography and captures his moments as he transitions to one of Hollywood's best photographers.

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George Hurrell was one of the firsts but most certainly not the last to capture photos of celebrities. As more and more people saw his success, they followed in his footsteps to catch these talented people in their field of success and turned them into advertisements which brought companies a lot of money. This was produced with the hope of normal people buying products that celebrities are promoting because they wanted to "be like them". This was extremely successful and a practice that we still see today.

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Propaganda Photography (1917) President Wilson

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Propaganda Photography (1917) President Wilson

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Woodrow Wilson was the 18th president of the US serving from 1913-1921. This was the era that the United States entered WWI. President Wilson needed support for the war from the American people, so he introduced Propaganda Photography.

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The US in now way was going to win the war if it weren't for the support of the people. Propaganda Photography were little persuasive messages used to get little information across of the desperate need that the country and those currently fighting need supplies, donations, and enlisting to help out. A lot of the time, people would feel bad and give in to help.

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Harry Hopps created one of the most famous and rememberable propaganda posters during WWI. The Mad Brute is Germany holding our Statue of Liberty as it stomps it's way over the words "America". This angered many Americans towards Germany and helped more people support our goal of winning the war against them.

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The impact and purpose of propaganda photography was to get people to support America going to war with the hopes of winning. Many photographers would use their own images of people at war to get people at home to feel bad, and this helped America with donations and support which ultimately helped them win the war.

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1935-1959

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Photos could be sent around the world through satellites and telephone lines. The only way this method would work is through high fluidity telephone lines that costed lots of money. This happened in 1935

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1935, the Associated Press sent its first photograph over the organization's brand new wire photo service. The photo was an aerial photo of a plane crash in upstate NY. The photo made it's way to 47 newspapers in 25 states.

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Photos up to this year were mostly delivered by mail, train, or airplane and through this way would be in transit for up to 85 hours, but through AP Wirephoto, photos could make it's way across hundreds of miles in the matter of just a few minutes.

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Wire journalism brought new stories to the press and also contributed to connecting the world even more. When an event or something happened, the news could make it's way across the world immediately. This helped bring the U.S. together in a united manner opposed to a regionalized nation.

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The Farm Security Administration of the U.S. investigated the condition of farm workers and their families. 11 photographers made up the FSA; John Collier, John Vachon, Jack Delano, Marion Walcott, Carl Mydans, Russell Lee, Arthur Rothstein, Theodor Jung, Ben Shahn, and Walker Evans.

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Dorothea Lange was one of the FSA photographers who is known as America's greatest documentary photographer. She is best known for her photos of migrant agricultural workers as well as the Great Depression.

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Dorothea Lange investigated living conditions of farmers during WWII mostly in the Western States like California. A majority of the workers had fled the Dust Bowl which was a drought that had destroyed millions of acres of crops.

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American's experienced the Great Depression as a very tough time and put an insane amount of stress on farmers. The FSA photographers captured their struggles through photographs and it really showed us the impact that the Great Depression

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FSA Photographers captured moments that so many of us were unable to see in real life. They brought so many amazing photographs to the table that help us understand what they were all going through. They took over 250,000 photographs and this remains the largest documentary photography project ever. Some of these images were also used as propaganda.

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Ansel Adams (1902-1984) was a photographer and environmentalist whose goal was to preserve America's wild and scenic life and to protect nature. He was a founding member of the group 4/644, which was a group of photographers who advocated for "pure" photography. This promoted sharp focus and wide range.

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With his extreme concern for our environment because of all of the industrialization at the time, Ansel Adams has a Gallery that is aimed to foster an aesthetic awareness and to express concern for nature. The Gallery consisted of books, handcrafts, fine arts, and pictures of himself.

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Ansel Adams created The Zone System which is a photographic technique for determining optimal film exposure and development. It divides the tonal range of an image from darkest to lightest with a range of 11 different zones. The system overall allows you to get the right exposure every time. No guessing required.

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Ansel Adams turned away from what America was going through at the time (WWII, The Great Depression, etc.) and focused himself on the preservation of nature and environment. That way, by the time everything was over, people could turn to Adam's photographs and focus on saving their land.

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Arthur Fellig was known as WeeGee. WeeGee was a legendary news photography where he captured candids of people just living their lives in bars, on the streets, in their home, and even crime scenes. He claimed that he had snapped over 5,000 murders throughout his career.

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WeeGee centered his focus around police station and was even granted permission to install a police radio to his car. This would ensure that he was there to capture photos to some one the biggest events or even the saddest calls.

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WeeGee brought the unusual to the public and they soon started asking for it. People now wanted to see the bad and the ugly. His ability to be brave enough to actually photograph and capture these crime scenes not only served as evidence, but it brought news to table and more attention towards the bad.

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On November 23, 1936 Life Magazine made it's appearance. It was very large and new and glossy that attracted a lot of people and used photographs to tell stories. It was the biggest mass market hit in history of publishing.

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Henry Luce was the creator of Life Magazine. His magazine sol out because it was produced in such a way that anyone could read it because it consists of only pictures. He was only 38 when he published it, and lived a very successful life after the magazine took off.

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Henry Luce wrote an essay that described the powers of photography right before he produced Life Magazine. He said "To see life. To see the world. To watch the faces of the poor, and the gestures of the proud. To see the strange things. Machines, armies, multitudes, and shadows in the jungle. To see, and to take pleasure in seeing. To see and be instructed. To see and be amazed."

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Life magazine had a huge impact on society because it updated everyone on new trends, discoveries, big news stories, sports, fashion and movies too. This helped the people stay up to date on everything and the magazine is still a huge hit today.

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On May 6, 1937, In Manchester Township, New Jersey, US, there was a tragedy. And airship incident had taken place during an effort to dock with its mooring tower at Naval Air Station Lakehurst. The German passenger airship caught fire and was destroyed.

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Murray Becker captured photos by using a Speed Graphic Camera. A speed Graphic Camera is a large camera that is held with two hands and you need to put a holder in the camera, cock the shutter, and then take the picture and following that is another 10 steps to take another picture. Becker could complete this process three times within 47 seconds.

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The photographs affected newspaper readers worldwide as they heard the news. The photographs were reproduced across the United States and shocked people. There were many newspaper stories following the tragedy. Becker went on to produce a photography of Lou Gehrig announcing his retirement and he received awards and officially retired in 1939.

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During WWII, the military were not the only ones rushing to the front lines, that photographers wanted to capture these moments because they knew that this war would go in history forever. Many saw war as a tragedy that they did not want to attend, but photographers saw the war as an opportunity of a lifetime.

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The Big Five were five different photographs from WWII. American's would demonize the enemy, and this was seen as the first different photograph. America produced propaganda against Japan since they had just bombed Pearl Harbor at the time. The second one is the pin up. A women's back captured this type of photo and pin-ups were seen everywhere amongst soldiers. The third was D-Day and D-Day would be one of the biggest events in history, though it was limited to very little. Robert Capa was there to capture the events. The fourth is one of the most iconic photographs of all time which was Iwo Jima being raised on top of Mt. Suribachi. The fifth one was evidence and was taken during the holocaust in Auschwitz. It captured a lot of the horrific things to take place in Germany.

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Photography taken WWII were used for informative purposes as well as propaganda because the U.S. needed the support from it's people at the time. It gave civilians more reason to join and support the military and helped outside viewers understand the sacrifices being made and the actions being taken.

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Roy Stryker saw that photography could be used to right different society problems. After seeing what Lewis Hine and the FSA accomplished with the problems of child labor and famer's lives, he believed that he could do the same towards racial discrimination.

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Gordon Park's earliest work as a professional photographer was fashion photography in Minnesota. He took off from here and was able to photograph for local newspapers. Park was hired by Stryker because Stryker wanted to get racial discrimination captured on camera so the people could see the problem.

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Gordon Parks is a very recognizable name because he became one of the most influential figures. He was not afraid to capture the real America, and he exposed civil rights, poverty, racism, urban life, and more to help bring awareness and a desperate call for help for these groups.

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With fashion photography, the clothes were sold by the model who wore to in photos. People, even today, want to match the model and wear what they wear, and this is how clothes were advertised and sold. Fashion photography brought the industry on a whole new, competitive level.

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Richard Avedon, and American fashion photographer, was recognized for going outside the box with fashion and and political worlds. Avedon's photography appeared in popular magazines and he was able to capture uncommon characters within his subjects and this helped sell the product.

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Richard Aveon's responsibility was to photograph sailors so they could be identified. As a Marine, he enrolled at the New School of Social Research. A close friend of hiss hired him as a staff photographer for the magazine only after a year of working together. He was assigned to cover the infamous fashion week in Paris after a few years of work in NY.

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Fashion photography was a big game changer for fashion designers to get their products known all over the world. It influenced people on new trends and what to wear, and the practice of using celebrities as advertisements for products is still used to this day.

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The cover of the photobook accompanying the show The Family of Man reads, "The greatest photographic exihibition of all time-503 photos from 68 countries- created by Edward Steichen for the Museum of Modern Art. Family of Man was organized by Steichen and was a fusion of photographs to support the concept that mankind is one. Family of Man toured the world and taught everybody to make peace, not violence.

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Edward Steichen is one of the most influential photographers in history. He was a photographer, painter, and curator who was regarded as one of the most prolific and influential figures in photographic history. He also created the most famous photographic exhibition of all time, the Family of Man.

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The Family of Man brought the world together because even though we are different through skin, we are alike in all other ways. The exhibition aught us that our differences is the beauty of culture and what makes us all of us stand out in our own was. The Family of Man was inspiring and so reassuring to those who felt alone at the time.

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The civil rights struggle resulted in significant but tough journalism. Protesters tried to remove racial segregation in America and gain more legal rights for African-Americans in the mid 1950s. The Black Press had a big influence on the African American community. The Black Press was able to help give the African American community a vote, and allowed them to voice their opinions.

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Moses Newson, a black reporter for the Tri-State Defender in Tennessee, covered some of the most pivotal moments in the civil rights movement, one of them being the Emit Till Murder trial. The trial was when a 14 year old boy was accused of whistling at a white woman. His punishment was to be bludgeoned to death and his body was then found in a river nearby. The story was not well known, and this is one of the only images that shows Emit and where you can see who he actually is.

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The Impact of the Black Press/ Emit Till

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The Impact of the Black Press/ Emit Till

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As the photograph made it's way through The Black Press, it frightened and angered the black community because it was obvious that his punishment was far beyond unreasonable and was a racist act. This would be significant driving force as to why the Civil Rights Movement started in the late 50s and the generation would soon be known as the Emmitt Till Generation.

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Street Photography was also known as Candid Photography and it became really popular in the 1950s. Street Photography was where photographers would capture people simply enjoying and living their lives on a daily basis and it was all very real in time and nothing was every staged.

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"The Americans" by Robert Frank is one o fthe most influential photo books of all time. It has affected photographers of various genres with documentary and street photographers being particularly drawn to it. It has influenced a lot of people's photography and the way they move forward with their practice.

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The aesthetic and transition of photography during the 1950s consisted of well-exposed, sharp, and clean photographs. Technical perfection was targeted though Robert Frank's "The Americans" where harshly was criticized by people saying that his photos were imperfect and too real even though his photos gave us a realistic glimpse as to what life was like for people during the 1950s.

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1960-NOW

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The Civil Rights Movement started in 1954 and went to 1968. Most pictures during this time showed the inequality in America and exposed the Civil Rights Movement. All photographers during this time were covering the Civil Rights Movement.

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Danny Lyon was a self-taught photographer. His photos served as very influential evidence pieces during the Civil Rights movement. All of Lyon's publications work in the style of photographic New Journalism, meaning that the photographers is immersed with the documented subject.

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Danny's photographs helped secure justice for over 30 teenage girls active in the Movement in Georgia. They had been jailed in the Leesburg Stockade for 45 days with little food and sanitation.

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The Civil Rights Movement was a build-up of the 400 years of American history prior. People demanded change revolving slavery, racism, whit supremacy, etc. Rosa Parks, Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcom X were all very influential people during this period that helped change the country. People joined together fighting for equal rights.

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The Impact of Civil Rights Movement Photography

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The Impact of Civil Rights Movement Photography

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The Civil Rights Movement gave African Americans the same rights as white people and it helped spark other movements such as the movement for women's and LGBTQ rights. The photos helped expose the cruelty of segregation and discrimination around the world.

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1960s photojournalists showed the world some of the most dramatic moments of the Vietnam War through photographs. There was no censorship during the War and photographers were able to get up and close to capture these front line moments

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General Nguyen Ngoc Loarv by Eddie Adams

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General Nguyen Ngoc Loarv by Eddie Adams

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This picture shocked the world because no one had ever expected to see such violence and moments close to death. Eddie Adams successfully captured the moment the bullet hit the suspect and symbolically displayed everything that happened in the war.

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This picture was of a burning monk and it was important because no one would've thought that a peaceful monk would set themselves on fire. This image shows how severe the war was and these images weren't even published because of how graphic they were.

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This photo is one that definitely struck viewers. These poor children are running and are scared for their lives and it just shows how bad the conditions were and how little they had to eat.

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Marry Ann Vecchio by John Paul Filo 1970

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Marry Ann Vecchio by John Paul Filo 1970

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Students at Kent State were practicing their right to protest when four of them were murdered by the National Guard. This photograph captures Marry Ann Vecchio leaning over her classmate in shock and it shows how the people and government were very far apart.

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In June 1969, LIFE Magazine published a feature very moving and controversial. The cover had a young man and the title was "The Faces of the American Dead of Vietnam: One Weeks Toll." Inside the magazine, there were 242 pictures of young men that were killed within 7 days.

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To no one's surprise, the public's response was immediate, and visceral. Some readers were amazed, and other were outraged because it was seen as "supporting the antiwar demonstrators who are traitors to this country" The vast majority of the public were devastated and quiet.