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Sdg 6 – Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all

Pre covid:

·      2.2 billion people lacked safely managed drinking water

·      2 in 5 healthcare facilities world wide have no soap and water  or hand-santiser

Post covid

·      3 billion people world wide lack basic handwashing facilities at home

·      Some countries experience a funding gap of 61% for achieving water and sanitation targets

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Woman leader following the pandemic have acted decisively and effectively to manage response and recovery efforts/ priortise measures that adresses more vulnerable groups.
Jan 21st the global share of woman is lower and single houses of national parliament's reached 26.2 percent up and to 22.4 percent in 2015. woman share slightly over one third in local governments. following covid, woman including woman in managerial positions have been disproportionately effected, 2019 accounted for 39,4 percent employment . 2020 woman have been represented in 45% of global employment losses. 2013 57% of woman aged 15-49 who are married or in a union make their own decisions regarding sexual relations contraceptive use and reproductive health care according to data 64 countries 2007 to 2021. In 30 countries less then half of woman had ownership or secure and tenure rights over agricultural land according to 2009 to 2020 data from 36 countries

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Pre-Covid:
~ As per expected figures SDG1 would be off track by 6% for 2030.
~ 8.2% of people lived in poverty (below $1.90 p/d) in 2019
~ Systemic among the youths as young workers x2 chance to be in poverty
~Natural disasters caused $23.6 bn in damages
~Only 87 countries had unemployment protection before Feb. 2020
~17 LDCs reporting economic losses due to natural disaster which made up 2 per cent of the GDP

Post Covid:
~ First increase in global poverty in decades as +71 mill people pushed into extreme poverty
~ LDC's such as Southern Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa expected to be hit hardest by increase in poverty

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Ireland's Hub for Sustainable Development Goals

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This is Ireland's collaboration platform for reporting on progress towards the SDGs and sharing information on SDG initiatives. Ireland's progress against each Goal is measured using a set of UN global and EU agreed Indicators.

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In low-income countries, 79% of children in the wealthiest households will complete their schooling, while 34% of children in the poorest households will complete theirs.

Progress in education was too slow even before the pandemic and school closures exacerbated this problem, leading to prolonged absence and subsequently lower retention and graduation rates. The effects of school closures will be seen for years to come, heavily impacting the social and behavioural development of children.

Remote learning is out of reach for 500 million students; they have been excluded from education. The pandemic has worsened educational inequality across the globe.

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To reduce inequality within and among countries
Financial inequality within and between counties measured by the Gini index, which is expected to increase in the after affects of covid
SDG 10.1 - 1st priority aims to increase income of bottom 40% at a rate higher than the national average.
Interesting as higher than the national average is not necessarily progressive for the country as does not specify how low the national average has to be. An increase of a low national average does not necessarily positively affect citizens.

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Number 8: Decent work and economic growth

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Number 8: Decent work and economic growth

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Number 8- Decent work and economic growth

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-        789 million people lack energy (2018)

-        Renewables make up 17% of total energy consumption (2017)

-        1 in 4 health facilities in developing countries are not electrified (2018)

-        Financial flows to developing countries for renewable energy are increasing - $21.4 billion

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The COVID-19 pandemic is highlighting the urgent need for affordable and reliable energy – for hospital and health facilities to treat patients, for communities to pump clean water and access vital information, and for out-of-school children to learn remotely.

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Before Covid:

Since 2014, the global prevalence of undernourishment (chronic food insecurity) has remained virtually unchanged at slightly below 9 Per cent.

Almost 690 million people were undernourished in 2019, up by nearly 60 million from 2014

25.9 percent of the global population – 2 billion people – were affected by moderate or severe food insecurity in 2019, an increase from 22.4 per cent in 2014.

21.3% of children are stunted and 6.9% are affected by wasting (malnutrition)

Estimates for 2016–2019 also indicate that food insecurity was higher among adult women than men in every region.

Available data show that the share of small-scale producers among all food producers in Africa, Asia and Latin America ranges from 40 per cent to 85 per cent. However, their productivity is systematically lower, on average, than that of larger-scale producers, and in most countries their incomes are less than half of the incomes of their larger counterparts, as shown by data collected from selected countries.

In 2019, 5.6 per cent (or 38 million) children under age 5 worldwide were overweight. Wasting (malnutrition) and being overweight are generally present in the same society, such as in North Africa and South-east Asia,  prevalence of wasting was 7.2 per cent and 8.2 per cent, respectively, in 2019, while overweight was 11.3 per cent and 7.5 per cent.
The proportion of children under 5 years of age suffering from stunting decreased from 32 per cent in 2000 to 23 per cent in 2015 and 21 per cent in 2019. However, 144 million children under age 5 were still affected by stunting in 2019.

Public investment in agriculture can enhance productivity, attract private investment and help reduce poverty and hunger.

The share of government contribution to agriculture compared with the sector’s contribution to GDP – known as the agriculture orientation index – fell from 0.42 in 2001 to 0.31 in 2015 and 0.28 in 2018 worldwide.

After Covid:

Countries are dealing with:
Locust Crisis
Climate Shocks
Conflict
Covid-19

The desert locust upsurge in six Eastern African countries and Yemen where 35 million people are already experiencing acute food insecurity remains alarming.

The lockdown measures in place to prevent the spread of the
coronavirus has caused businesses and local markets to close, and small-scale food producers are often not allowed to get their products to consumers.

In 2020, an upsurge in food demand and disruptions to supply chains triggered by the COVID-19 Pandemic underpinned food price increases in several countries in the second half of March through April

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Due to high tariffs and and trade tensions manufacturing was downAir travel dropped 51% in 2020Small-scale industries are dependent on credits Invested in R&D is growing but needs to accelerate 1.4 trillion [2010] 2.2 trillion [2017]Less than 1 in 5 people use internet in LTCs [2019]The air transport economic sector [2016] is directly and indirectly impacts the global economy. It is responsible for $2.7 trillion, which is equivalent to 3.6 per cent of the world’s GDP. Due to covid COVID-19 outbreak has hit the aviation industry hard. By April 2020, strict travel restrictions by governments and concerns among travelers had led to the grounding of about 90 per cent of fleets, with travel demand dropping to near zero. In the first five months of 2020, passenger numbers plunged by 51.1 per cent compared with the same period in 2019. According to 5 June 2020 estimates from the International Civil Aviation Organization, the pandemic may cause an overall reduction of 2.29 billion to 3.06 billion passengers in 2020, resulting in losses of between $302 billion and $400 billion in gross operating revenues for airlines compared with business-as-usual operations.To access the Internet, mobile connections provide flexibility, particularly in places where fixed-broadband service is unavailable or unaffordable. Coverage of mobile access has expanded rapidly. In 2019, almost the entire world population (97 per cent) lived within reach of a mobile cellular signal, and 93 per cent lived within reach of a mobile-broadband signal. Least developed countries have seen significant growth in coverage of mobile-broadband signals, from 51 per cent in 2015 to 79 per cent in 2019. However, just 54 per cent of the global population actually use the Internet. Most of the offline population live in LDCs, where only 19 per cent use the Internet, compared with 87 per cent in developed countries. Key reasons for this large gap are the cost of using the Internet and the lack of necessary skills.Globally, R&D has continued to grow at a brisk pace, reaching $2.2 trillion (purchasing power parity) in 2017, up from $1.4 trillion in 2010 and $741 billion in 2000. While Europe and Northern America leads in R&D, representing 47.6 per cent of global investments in 2017, Eastern and South-Eastern Asia is quickly catching up, increasing its share in R&D investment from 22.6 per cent in 2000 to 40.4 per cent in 2017. In relative terms, the proportion of global GDP invested in R&D increased from 1.62 per cent in 2010 to 1.72 per cent in 2017. Yet regional disparities are extreme, ranging from 2.25 per cent in Europe and Northern America to 0.38 per cent in sub-Saharan Africa. For LDCs and landlocked developing countries, the proportion was around 0.20 per cent.

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Due to high tariffs and and trade tensions manufacturing was downAir travel dropped 51% in 2020Small-scale industries are dependent on credits Invested in R&D is growing but needs to accelerate 1.4 trillion [2010] 2.2 trillion [2017]Less than 1 in 5 people use internet in LTCs [2019]The air transport economic sector [2016] is directly and indirectly impacts the global economy. It is responsible for $2.7 trillion, which is equivalent to 3.6 per cent of the world’s GDP. Due to covid COVID-19 outbreak has hit the aviation industry hard. By April 2020, strict travel restrictions by governments and concerns among travelers had led to the grounding of about 90 per cent of fleets, with travel demand dropping to near zero. In the first five months of 2020, passenger numbers plunged by 51.1 per cent compared with the same period in 2019. According to 5 June 2020 estimates from the International Civil Aviation Organization, the pandemic may cause an overall reduction of 2.29 billion to 3.06 billion passengers in 2020, resulting in losses of between $302 billion and $400 billion in gross operating revenues for airlines compared with business-as-usual operations.To access the Internet, mobile connections provide flexibility, particularly in places where fixed-broadband service is unavailable or unaffordable. Coverage of mobile access has expanded rapidly. In 2019, almost the entire world population (97 per cent) lived within reach of a mobile cellular signal, and 93 per cent lived within reach of a mobile-broadband signal. Least developed countries have seen significant growth in coverage of mobile-broadband signals, from 51 per cent in 2015 to 79 per cent in 2019. However, just 54 per cent of the global population actually use the Internet. Most of the offline population live in LDCs, where only 19 per cent use the Internet, compared with 87 per cent in developed countries. Key reasons for this large gap are the cost of using the Internet and the lack of necessary skills.Globally, R&D has continued to grow at a brisk pace, reaching $2.2 trillion (purchasing power parity) in 2017, up from $1.4 trillion in 2010 and $741 billion in 2000. While Europe and Northern America leads in R&D, representing 47.6 per cent of global investments in 2017, Eastern and South-Eastern Asia is quickly catching up, increasing its share in R&D investment from 22.6 per cent in 2000 to 40.4 per cent in 2017. In relative terms, the proportion of global GDP invested in R&D increased from 1.62 per cent in 2010 to 1.72 per cent in 2017. Yet regional disparities are extreme, ranging from 2.25 per cent in Europe and Northern America to 0.38 per cent in sub-Saharan Africa. For LDCs and landlocked developing countries, the proportion was around 0.20 per cent.

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Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development 

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Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development 

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100-150% increase in ocean acidity projected by 2100

26% drop in PH levels since pre-industrial times

The ocean absorbs 23% of CO2 emissions generated by human activity

Oceans are the planets largest ecosystem and they regulate the planets cliamate system. Decades of exploitation  has lead to a high level of degradation. Current efforts to protect marine environments are not enough to meet the urgent need to safeguard this resource. The decrease in human activity due to the COVID 19 pandemic offers a chance for the oceans to recuperate

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SDG 2: End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition and promote sustainable agriculture

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SDG 2: End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition and promote sustainable agriculture

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Stats
Pre-Covid

-Population impacted by moderate to severe food insecurity stood at 22.4% of the global population

-Food insecurity tends to affect more women than men

-Children under 5 who are stunted (either in physical or cognitive aspects) comes in around 21.3% or 144 million. The goal for 2030 is 82 million.

-Children under 5 who are wasting (significantly malnourished) comes in around 6.9%. The goal for 2030 is 3%.

-Children under 5 impacted who are overweightness has increased to 5.6% kids under 5 worldwide. It is not exclusive to developed countries and tends to be quite common in undeveloped areas too. In Northern Africa, 7.2% of kids under 5 are underweight, while 11.3% are overweight.                       In South Eastern Asia, 8.2% are underweight and 7.5% are overweight.

-Investment in agriculture for developing countries has decreased from 0.42% of investments in 2001 to 0.28% of investments in 2018.

-Food insecurity levels haven’t changed (remaining at just below 9%), but the people going hungry due to food insecurity has increased by just under 60 million since 2014.

Post-Covid

-Issues impacting food supply and distribution since covid include climate-related issues, locust infestations, conflict-related compromises, and Covid-19 related issues.

-Small scale producers are the worst hit by pandemic-related issues. They comprise between 40-80% of the food suppliers in developing countries.

-2 billion people worldwide are currently impacted by moderate to severe food insecurity. 750 million of these people are in the severe group, which are people who will go for a full day or days without any food when their food runs out.

-As of 2020, approximately just below 132 million people may be suffering from food shortages related to locust infestations.

-The pandemic saw an increase in food demand and as such, an increase in food prices, particularly in Africa. However, there were other factors impacting prices;

In Sub-Saharan Africa, issues include conflict and macroeconomic strife

In East Africa, issues include extreme weather conditions, some of which are attributed to climate change.

In West Africa, issues include civil unrest impacting food distribution.

In Southern Africa, issues included economic strife and weather conditions.

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Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages

Covid-19 has interrupted childhood immunization programmes in around 70 countries

Service cancellations will lead to a 100% increase in malaria deaths in sub-Saharan Africa

Less than half of the global population is covered by essential health services

This goal focuses in large part on maternal and infant mortality. Emphasis is put on the falling rate of these deaths but also on how the aims for 2030 are unlikely to be met at the current rate, especially in the two worst affected regions of sub-Saharan Africa and Southern Asia. In Sub-Saharan Africa 1 in 13 children died before reaching age 5 which is 16 times higher than the average in high-income countries.

In sub-Saharan Africa, the adolescent birth rate is 101 births annually per 1,000 women and the need to support family planning and the availability of contraceptives especially in developing countries is an important issue.

Covid has had a negative impact on the realisation of the SDG no. 3, there is likely to be a spike in people getting ill or dying from diseases like AIDS, malaria and tuberculosis. There is also a shortage of medical personnel world wide, and the pandemic has served to make the promise of universal health coverage by 2030 even less likely to be achieved.

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The global material footprint is increasing faster than population growth and economic output

A successful transition will mean improvements in resource efficiency, consideration of the entire life cycle of economic activities, and active engagement in multilateral environmental agreements

The global material footprint grew from 73.2 billion metric tons in 2010 to 85.9 billion metric tons in 2017, a 17.4% increase

In 2015, the material footprint per capita in high income areas was almost 10x higher than in low income areas

The highest level of food loss occurs in Central and Southern Asia (20.7 per cent), followed by Europe and Northern America (15.7 per cent). Australia and New Zealand register the lowest food losses (5.8 per cent)

Fossil fuel subsidies globally rose to over $400 billion in 2018

In western countries, firms demonstrated a higher level of reporting of baseline data that fulfilled the minimum requirements compared to that of the east

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Gender Equality: The goal of gender equality is attempting to be achieved through the improvement of certain areas such as female genital mutilation and child marriage – which have declined in recent years, with female representation in politics having significantly increased in recent years – allowing a more broad representation of females and their wants in societies. Seemingly, we are still far off achieving full gender equality as legal, social, and economic barriers to empowerment still fulfil. Due to the covid-19 pandemic, the circumstances for violence against women has increased, causing a surge for reports of them. There is speculation there may be an increase in child marriage and FGM and due to coronavirus women are more likely to take on additional care work due to the closing of schools and day cares. Women also comprised up 70% of the health and social frontline workers globally since the emergence of coronavirus. The intensification of risk of violence against women and girls have increased and data shows since the pandemic, when many women were confined to their homes, allowing for the increase of domestic and sexual violence. Being confined to their homes further limited women’s ability to seek help safely, as there is increased risk of women having their phones monitored by abusive partners, along with the service disruptions and closures, causing women to be unable to seek help or medical care if needed. Global pandemic has also increased be detrimental to the progress of ending child marriage and female genital mutilation. Currently, in sub-Saharan Africa, more than one in three women were married before the age of 18, which is considered a human rights violation. Widening poverty and school closures can put more girls at risk of child marriage. FGM additionally is a severe violation of human rights, at least 200 million women and girls have experienced FGM in 31 countries where the practice is concentrated. Although prior to the covid-19 pandemic FGM had been declining, there are certain areas where at least 9 in 10 girls and women aged 15 to 49 have been cut. Progress would currently need to accelerate by a factor of 10 to meet the global target of elimination by 2030. Covid-19 has threatened this progress further. Furthermore, women spend more time than men in unpaid work currently, which has likely increased during the pandemic. On average, women spend about three times as many hours in unpaid domestic and care work as men as seen from 89 countries between 2001 and 2018. Time spent in these activities tends to be higher for women with children. The covid 19 crisis has changed how women spend their time, with a possible detrimental impact on their well-being, it has been shown that the majority of the work during the pandemic within the household has fallen on women and girls, reflecting the regressive pre-pandemic pattern. Women are also increasing their positions of power, but this does not mean we are near equality. Women’s representation in national parliaments has reached 24.9 cent a rise from 22.3 percent in 2015. Data from 133 countries show that women now have access to decision making positions at the local level, holding 36.3 percent of elected seats in local deliberative bodies. Yet, only 13 to 15 percent of countries have reached gender balance, in legislative bodies in national parliaments and in local government. Unfortunately, this progress is mainly to do with the legislatively ordered gender quotas. In 2019 39 percent of worlds workers and half the worlds working age population was represented by women. Women additionally face higher barriers in relation to accessing employment and are excluded from decision making positions. Women’s lack of decision making power extends even to their own reproduction currently. Slightly more than half of women make their own decisions when it comes to their sexual and reproductive health and rights. Progress on other fronts is encouraging, in 2019 countries had established 73 percent of laws and regulations needed to guarantee full and equal access to sexual and reproductive health and rights. The findings in relation to HIV saw that 87 percent of laws and regulations had been set in place for those who needed HIV testing and counselling services. Overall, despite improvements, full gender equality remains completely out of reach currently. Women must be represented and are currently under-represented in pandemic related leadership rules with only 25 percent in national parliaments and 36 percent in local government. Lockdowns have increased violence against women – such as physical, sexual and psychological. Women are on the front line of fighting the coronavirus and while account for 70 percent of front line workers – they are underpaid in comparison to men, while additionally bearing additional household burdens during the pandemic. Women already spend three times as many hours in unpaid domestic and care work as men. 

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Gender Equality: The goal of gender equality is attempting to be achieved through the improvement of certain areas such as female genital mutilation and child marriage – which have declined in recent years, with female representation in politics having significantly increased in recent years – allowing a more broad representation of females and their wants in societies. Seemingly, we are still far off achieving full gender equality as legal, social, and economic barriers to empowerment still fulfil. Due to the covid-19 pandemic, the circumstances for violence against women has increased, causing a surge for reports of them. There is speculation there may be an increase in child marriage and FGM and due to coronavirus women are more likely to take on additional care work due to the closing of schools and day cares. Women also comprised up 70% of the health and social frontline workers globally since the emergence of coronavirus. The intensification of risk of violence against women and girls have increased and data shows since the pandemic, when many women were confined to their homes, allowing for the increase of domestic and sexual violence. Being confined to their homes further limited women’s ability to seek help safely, as there is increased risk of women having their phones monitored by abusive partners, along with the service disruptions and closures, causing women to be unable to seek help or medical care if needed. Global pandemic has also increased be detrimental to the progress of ending child marriage and female genital mutilation. Currently, in sub-Saharan Africa, more than one in three women were married before the age of 18, which is considered a human rights violation. Widening poverty and school closures can put more girls at risk of child marriage. FGM additionally is a severe violation of human rights, at least 200 million women and girls have experienced FGM in 31 countries where the practice is concentrated. Although prior to the covid-19 pandemic FGM had been declining, there are certain areas where at least 9 in 10 girls and women aged 15 to 49 have been cut. Progress would currently need to accelerate by a factor of 10 to meet the global target of elimination by 2030. Covid-19 has threatened this progress further. Furthermore, women spend more time than men in unpaid work currently, which has likely increased during the pandemic. On average, women spend about three times as many hours in unpaid domestic and care work as men as seen from 89 countries between 2001 and 2018. Time spent in these activities tends to be higher for women with children. The covid 19 crisis has changed how women spend their time, with a possible detrimental impact on their well-being, it has been shown that the majority of the work during the pandemic within the household has fallen on women and girls, reflecting the regressive pre-pandemic pattern. Women are also increasing their positions of power, but this does not mean we are near equality. Women’s representation in national parliaments has reached 24.9 cent a rise from 22.3 percent in 2015. Data from 133 countries show that women now have access to decision making positions at the local level, holding 36.3 percent of elected seats in local deliberative bodies. Yet, only 13 to 15 percent of countries have reached gender balance, in legislative bodies in national parliaments and in local government. Unfortunately, this progress is mainly to do with the legislatively ordered gender quotas. In 2019 39 percent of worlds workers and half the worlds working age population was represented by women. Women additionally face higher barriers in relation to accessing employment and are excluded from decision making positions. Women’s lack of decision making power extends even to their own reproduction currently. Slightly more than half of women make their own decisions when it comes to their sexual and reproductive health and rights. Progress on other fronts is encouraging, in 2019 countries had established 73 percent of laws and regulations needed to guarantee full and equal access to sexual and reproductive health and rights. The findings in relation to HIV saw that 87 percent of laws and regulations had been set in place for those who needed HIV testing and counselling services. Overall, despite improvements, full gender equality remains completely out of reach currently. Women must be represented and are currently under-represented in pandemic related leadership rules with only 25 percent in national parliaments and 36 percent in local government. Lockdowns have increased violence against women – such as physical, sexual and psychological. Women are on the front line of fighting the coronavirus and while account for 70 percent of front line workers – they are underpaid in comparison to men, while additionally bearing additional household burdens during the pandemic. Women already spend three times as many hours in unpaid domestic and care work as men. 

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2019 was the 2nd warmest on record, and the 2010-2019 the warmest decade ever.
On track for the temperature to rise as much 3.2 degrees by the end of the century. to meet the Paris agreement (to meet 1.5 degrees),greenhouse gas emissions must start falling 7.6%. Despite the drastic fall in human activity due to the COVID-19 crisis, resulting in 6% drop in emissions, it still falls short of the 7.6% target, and emissions are expected to rise as restrictions are lifted.
To meet the Paris Agreement target global emissions need to rapidly fall by 45% from 2010 levels by 2030, and countiue to decline to meet a net 0 by 2050.

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Before COVID:
NET ODA Totalled $147.4 billion in 2019
BUT Aid to Africa rose by 1.3% from 2018
Aid to the LDC's rose by by 2.6%.

COVID implications:
Remittance to Low and middle income countries dropped to $445 billion from $554 billion in 2020.
Global Foreign Direct expected to decline by up to 40%.

Developed countries have around triple the amount of fixed broadband subscriptions in comparison to developing countries.(2019).
LDCs are struggling to increase their share of exports with it being roughly the same level 10 years.
In the age of the Internet surprisingly half the world is still not connected.
This problem largely concerns poor countries with only 26% of the Sub Saharan Africa population using the internet compared to 84% of their European and North American counterparts.

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Goal 15 - Biodiversity

⁃ Before COVID-19 there was 31,000 species threatened with extinction . This made up 27% of the total assessed species in the IUCN “Red List”
⁃ Before COVID-19 forest areas were declining at a rate of 10 million acres per year.
⁃ However due to covid we are new met with new issues , along with the worsening of others .
⁃ It is believed that due to wildlife trafficking , the transfer of COVID-19 took place . Most likely via Pangolin to human .
⁃ Currently , only a third of 113 nations are on track to achieve their biodiversity pledges

⁃ we can see this is not the first time that a disease or infection has originated from an animal. For example 75% of emerging infectious diseases such as bird flu and Ebola are zoonotic. This means they are transmitted from wildlife to people. This usually happens when human beings disrupt ecosystems . Ironically , this very disruption may have caused covid .
⁃ Globally 1/5 of the earths land area is degraded by improper care or improper use . Things like deforestation ,unsustainable agricultural practices ,urbanisation also play a part.
⁃ Since the year 2000, the percentage of land are covered by forest has dropped by 0.7% .
⁃ The main factors affecting extinction however are all agricultural .
⁃ Sadly only 32% of countries who pledged to preserve their biodiversity are on track to meet their goals 7 percent have reported no progress whatsoever !

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In truth, SDG 1 had seen significant stumbling blocks before the Pandemic as even when calculating with most idealistic figures calculating a finishing point of 6% by 2030. This is embodied by slowing of decrease in poverty by an average reduction of 1.14% (through 2010-2015) to a mere 0.45% (through 2015-2019).

Additionally SDG1 saw drastic setbacks due to unprecedented events besides the novel coronavirus, primarily natural disasters. These catastrophes sustain poverty in LDC's as it continues the perpetual cycle of economic loss in LDC's as they struggle to deal with issues as proficiently as their First World counterparts. As is common in these countries an over reliance in the primary sector has also been severely punished by the disasters as over $17.1bn was caused to the agri sector.

In direct juxtaposition to what may be called a difficult to prevent crisis, Covid has also highlighted the lack of social supports throughout all countries worldwide, which are made available to its citizens by lawmakers. Before Covid, just 87 countries had employment protection and  only 34 of these covered self-employed individuals. This once again consolidates differences between the First and Third World as 44% of Eu citizens have such protection compared to 3% ion Sub-Saharan Africa.

Argumentative Response:
In conclusion, a complete eradication of poverty was an over ambitious target and poses the question as to whether emphasis should be put on tackling poverty effectively within your own country before setting sights to the greater horizon.

Counter - "If you want to go fast go alone; if you want to go far go together"

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SDG-1- END ALL POVERTY IN ALL ITS FORMS EVERYWHERE BY 2030

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SDG-1- END ALL POVERTY IN ALL ITS FORMS EVERYWHERE BY 2030

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the share of the worlds population living in extreme poverty went from 15.7% in 2010 to 10% in 2015

the rate of global poverty reduction decelerated in 2019 to 8.2%.

Before Covid-19 baseline projections suggested that 6% of the global population would still be living in poverty by 2030-missing the world target.

Due to the pandemic the poverty rate is projected to reach 8.8% in 2020. This saw the first rise in global poverty since 1998.- an estimated 71 million additional people are living in extreme poverty due to the pandemic.

Southern Asia and Africa saw the largest increases with an additional 32 million and 26 million respectively living below the international poverty line.

In 2016 55% of the world pop.-4 bill people did not benefit from social protection.

only 22% of unemployed workers were covered by unemployment benefits.

half of the unemployed ppl in Australia and New Zealand receive unemployment payments + 44% in Europe and north America.

In contrast just 3% of unemployed people in sub Sahara Africa and 12% in Latin America and the carribean receive such payments.

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"Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all"

·        The goal has five targets to be achieved by 2030. Progress towards the targets is measured by six indicators

·        Universal access to modern energy; increase global percentage of renewable energy; double the improvement in energy efficiency. to promote access to research, technology and investments in clean energy; and expand and upgrade energy services for developing countries

·        Plans call for particular attention to infrastructure support for the least developed countries, small islands and land-locked developing countries

·        Nuclear power IS included in this category of clean energy

·        while a shift to renewables has begun, it still contributes around 18% of the world's total energy consumption, with only about 10% coming from modern renewables

·        the global population without access to electricity went down from 1.2 billion to 789 million

·        Target 7.3: Double the improvement in energy efficiency.. ambitious..

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About 15 minutes from falling asleep due to headcold so I apologise if its a bit sshot

Sea level will rise by 30cm-60cm

70%-90% of coral reefs die if temperature rises by 1.5 degrees, all of them do if it rises by 2 degrees

Medium to large-scale disasters will increase by 40%

Fossil fuels usage fell by 5.5% during covid, rose by 6% afterwards to all time new high

Around 700 million people will be displaced

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-About 1 in 10 people worldwide are suffering from hunger
-Nearly 1 in 3 people lack regular access to adequate food
-149.2 million children under 5 suffer from stunting
-Food prices have risen by 47%
-The Ukraine crisis triggered food shortages for the world's poorest people. Ukraine and the Russian Federation supply global exports: 30% of wheat, 20% of maize, 80% of sunflower seed products

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Stats :

Around 147 million children missed more than half of their in-person instruction over past two years.

As a result, this generation of children could lose a combined total of $17 trillion in lifetime earnings

Before the pandemic, 17 per cent of children and youth globally were out of primary and secondary school, compared to 26 per cent in 2000.

From March 2020 through February 2022, schools worldwide were fully or partially closed for 41 weeks, on average.

Facts :

School closures during the COVID-19 pandemic have deepened inequality in education, with marginalized populations most affected. In the context of remote learning, for example, children from poorer

backgrounds are less likely to have the devices and computer skills they need to get online, or a home environment conducive to learning. Ensuring a safe return to school and equity in education in the difficult transition period ahead needs to be a priority.

However, only 20 per cent of countries undertook significant measures to provide additional mental health and psychosocial support for students. This is disturbing considering the recent uptick in anxiety and depression among learners.

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Overview ;
- World is not on track to achieve gender equality by 2030.

- Progress in women’s access to leadership positions, in both political and economic spheres, remains sluggish

- In many countries, women still lack the legal right to autonomy over their own bodies

- Awareness of violence against older women is growing, but data remain limited

Stats ;
- it would take 40 years for women and men to be represented equally in national political leadership at the current pace

- Women’s share in national parliaments have risen 3.8% BUT sits at 26.2% well below half

- Women accounted for 39% of total unemployment in 2019. But 45% of of global employment losses in 2020. A negative trend.

# data[].attributes.body
- Pandemic has caused the first rise in  between country income inequality in a generation.
- Global refuges figures has reached a record high.
- Refuges increased by 44% between 2015 and 2021. 216 per 100,000 individuals where as in 2021 311 people per 100,000 people where refuges.
- 1/5 people have experienced discrimination. On at least one ground under international human rights.
- 5,895 migrants lost there lives in 2021. This was the deadliest year sine 1027 for migrants.
- The rate of change between the countries income inequalities was:
- (-3.8%) form 2013 - 2017.
- (-2.6%) without covid-19 projection.
- (1.2%) with covid-19 projection.

# data[].attributes.body
More than 4 years of progress against poverty has been erased by COVID-19

Rising inflation and impacts of war in Ukraine further derail progress. The combined crises could lead to an additional 75-95 million people living in extreme poverty in 2022.

In 2020, disaster-related deaths rose sixfold.

For the first time in two decades, the working poverty rate rose, pushing an additional 8 million workers into poverty. Most regions have not yet recovered to their 2019 levels.

Young people and women were disproportionately affected by working-hour losses and pay cuts in 2020

Over half of the unemployed in high-income countries receive cash benefits, compared with 1 per cent in low-income countries.

Despite an increase in disaster related deaths (including the Covid-19 pandemic), significant progress has been made towards increasing the number of countries adopting national disaster risk reduction.

As things stand, the world is not on track to end poverty by 2030.

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150 million more people facing hunger in 2021 than in 2019. In other

words, an estimated 1 in 10 people worldwide are suffering from

hunger. In addition, nearly 1 in 3 (a staggering 2.3 billion people) were

moderately or severely food insecure in 2021, meaning they lacked

regular access to adequate food. This represents an increase of

almost 350 million people since the beginning of the pandemic

The unfolding crisis in Ukraine is yet another threat to food security.

Ukraine and the Russian Federation are large producers and exporters

of key food commodities, fertilizer, minerals and energy. Together they

are considered the world’s breadbasket, supplying 30 per cent and 20

per cent of global wheat and maize exports, respectively, as well as

80 per cent of global exports of sunflower seed products. At least 50

countries import 30 per cent or more of their wheat from these two

countries.

In low- and middle-income countries, the labour productivity of small

farmers is less than $15 a day
The average annual income from agriculture of small-scale farmers

is under $2,000 (constant 2011 PPP)

In 2020, the latest year for which data are available, 22.0 per cent

of children under age 5 worldwide (149.2 million) suffered from

stunting (low height for age).

This is a decline from 24.4 per cent in

2015. Subsequent years have seen continued constraints in accessing

nutritious food and essential nutrition services due to the pandemic.

To achieve the target of a 50 per cent reduction in the number of

stunted children by 2030, the annual rate of decline must double (to

3.9 per cent per year) from its current annual reduction rate of 2.1 per

cent per year.

Childhood wasting and overweight are both forms of malnutrition

and can coexist in a population. In 2020, wasting (low weight for

height) and overweight were found in 6.7 per cent of children under

5 (45.4 million) and 5.7 per cent of children under 5 (38.9 million),

respectively. Wasting is a condition that can be brought on rapidly

as a result of conflict, pandemics and climate events. Related shocks

in food, fuel and fertilizer prices stemming from the war in Ukraine

could tip the balance even further, destroying access to healthy diets.

The share of countries affected by high food prices, which had been

relatively stable since 2016, has risen sharply, climbing from 16 per

cent in 2019 to 47 per cent in 2020

In March 2022, global food prices were almost 30

per cent higher than at the same time last year, reaching an all-time

high, though prices eased somewhat in the subsequent two months.

Soaring food prices threaten to exacerbate global food insecurity.

# data[].attributes.body
1 in 10 children IN THE WORLD are in the labour force.
Global employment will not  recover to pre pandemic levels until at least 2023.

Worker Productivity has increased post pandemic but not in less developed countries

Many small firms, particularly those in low- and lower-middle-income countries, are especially disadvantaged, with

limited capacity to remain viable.

Labour market groups most affected

by the crisis  women, youth and persons with disabilities  are the last to recover.

The Ukraine war has made all of this worse

The proportion of the world’s youth not engaged in either education, employment or training (NEET) increased from 21.8 per cent in 2015–

2019 to 23.3 per cent in 2020, due to the pandemic. This

represents an increase of almost 20 million women and men aged 15 to 24.

The youth represented only 13 per cent of total employment

before the crisis, they made up 34.2 per cent of the 2020 decline in employment.

in 2020,  the unemplyment rate was 31.5 per cent for young women, compared to 15.7 per cent for young men.

The development and implementation of national

youth employment strategies is increasing across most regions. More than half of the 81 reporting countries in 2021 have operationalized such strategies, while slightly less than one third have developed one, but have not provided conclusive evidence on implementation.

# data[].attributes.body
SDG 4 - ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning opportunities for all -
Covid 19 had deepened a global learning crisis as well as compounded the already present affect of economic inequality on education. From march 2020 to February 2022 schools globally were closed for an ever age of 41 weeks . Latin America and the Caribbean experiencing the worst of these closures with some schools being closed for up to 60 weeks in this period. 24 million learners from post primary to university levels are at risk of not returning to school because of these closures with people from lower socioeconomic backgrounds being at a higher risk of this due to the need for income and greater care expectations within their families and communities. Those who were unable to access distance or online learning during covid ( something that mainly affected those from poorer backgrounds ) are also at a higher risk of not returning to school . Between 2015 and 2019 in lost middle to high income counties 70 -90% of primary school children met the minimum requirements of proficiency in reading and writing , however this has fallen to 60% in medium income countries , and is at under 10% in some underdeveloped counties .

# data[].attributes.headline
SDG 6 - 2022 UPDATE              Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all

# data[].attributes.subject
SDG 6 - 2022 UPDATE              Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all

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1. 2.8 billion people will lack
safely managed Sanitation

2. 1.9 billion people will lack Basic
Hand Hygiene facilities

3. 1.6 billion people will lack
safely managed drinking water

4. 733+ million people live in countries with high and critical levels of water stress (2019).

5. Over the past 300 years, over 85%
of the planet’s wetlands have been lost.

6. For at least 3 billion people,
the quality of the water they depend on is unknown due to a lack of monitoring

# data[].attributes.body
Global manufacturing has rebounded since the pandemic but LDCs are left behind. industries that are more integrated with technology were more resilient in the pandemic than there lower technologically integrated counterparts. small scale industries lack access to financial support for recovery. airlines are still struggling to recover after covid, 2.3 billion passengers in 2021 compaired with 4.5 billion in 2019. 1 in 3 manufacturing jobs were negatively impacted by covid.

# data[].attributes.headline
SDG 3 Good Health and Well-Being 2022 UPDATE;

# data[].attributes.subject
SDG 3 Good Health and Well-Being 2022 UPDATE;

# data[].attributes.body
Covid 19:
- As of mid-2022, COVID-19 had infected more than 500 million people worldwide.

-Led to 15 million deaths
-Disrupted essential health services in 92% of countries
- claimed the lives of 115,500 front-line health-care workers
-caused an increase in the prevalence of anxiety and depression, lowered global life expectancy, derailed progress towards

ending HIV, tuberculosis (TB) and malaria, and halted two decades of work towards making health coverage universal

-22.7 million children missed their basic vaccines in 2020 (3.7 million more than 2019)
-immunization coverage dropped for the first time in 10 years
-As of May 2022, only around 17 per cent of people in low-income countries had received

at least one dose of a vaccine, compared with more than 80 per cent

in high-income countries.

-Tuberculosis deaths rise for the first time since 2005 (1.2 million (2019) to 1.3 million (2020)).

It is estimated that, in 2019, more than 13 per cent of adolescents aged 10 to 19 had a diagnosed mental disorder as defined by the WHO; this translates into 86 million adolescents aged 15 to 19 and 80 million adolescents aged 10 to 14.

# data[].attributes.body
*The number of refugees worldwide reached the highest absolute number on record in 2021
*For every 100,000 people worldwide, 311 are refugees outside their country of origin
*Last year, 5895 people died fleeing their countries via various routes

# data[].attributes.body
Target
5.1
End all forms of discrimination against all women and girls everywhere

Indicators

5.1.1

Whether or not legal frameworks are in place to promote, enforce and monitor equality and non‑discrimination on the basis of sex

Target
5.2
Eliminate all forms of violence against all women and girls in the public and private spheres, including trafficking and sexual and other types of exploitation

Indicators

5.2.1

Proportion of ever-partnered women and girls aged 15 years and older subjected to physical, sexual or psychological violence by a current or former intimate partner in the previous 12 months, by form of violence and by age

5.2.2

Proportion of women and girls aged 15 years and older subjected to sexual violence by persons other than an intimate partner in the previous 12 months, by age and place of occurrence

Target
5.3
Eliminate all harmful practices, such as child, early and forced marriage and female genital mutilation

Indicators

5.3.1

Proportion of women aged 20-24 years who were married or in a union before age 15 and before age 18

5.3.2

Proportion of girls and women aged 15-49 years who have undergone female genital mutilation/cutting, by age
Target
5.4
Recognize and value unpaid care and domestic work through the provision of public services, infrastructure and social protection policies and the promotion of shared responsibility within the household and the family as nationally appropriate

Indicators

5.4.1

Proportion of time spent on unpaid domestic and care work, by sex, age and location

Target
5.5
Ensure women’s full and effective participation and equal opportunities for leadership at all levels of decision-making in political, economic and public life

Indicators

5.5.1

Proportion of seats held by women in (a) national parliaments and (b) local governments

5.5.2

Proportion of women in managerial positions

Target
5.6
Ensure universal access to sexual and reproductive health and reproductive rights as agreed in accordance with the Programme of Action of the International Conference on Population and Development and the Beijing Platform for Action and the outcome documents of their review conferences

Indicators

5.6.1

Proportion of women aged 15-49 years who make their own informed decisions regarding sexual relations, contraceptive use and reproductive health care

5.6.2

Number of countries with laws and regulations that guarantee full and equal access to women and men aged 15 years and older to sexual and reproductive health care, information and education

Target
5.a
Undertake reforms to give women equal rights to economic resources, as well as access to ownership and control over land and other forms of property, financial services, inheritance and natural resources, in accordance with national laws

Indicators

5.a.1

(a) Proportion of total agricultural population with ownership or secure rights over agricultural land, by sex; and (b) share of women among owners or rights-bearers of agricultural land, by type of tenure

5.a.2

Proportion of countries where the legal framework (including customary law) guarantees women’s equal rights to land ownership and/or control

Target
5.b
Enhance the use of enabling technology, in particular information and communications technology, to promote the empowerment of women

Indicators

5.b.1

Proportion of individuals who own a mobile telephone, by sex

Target
5.c
Adopt and strengthen sound policies and enforceable legislation for the promotion of gender equality and the empowerment of all women and girls at all levels

Indicators

5.c.1

Proportion of countries with systems to track and make public allocations for gender equality and women’s empowerment

# data[].attributes.body
-10 million hectares of forest are destroyed every year,
- 90% of Global Deforestation is due to Agricultural Expansion. (49.6% cropland expansion, 38.5% livestock expansion)
-133 Parties have ratified the ‘Nagoya Protocol’
-40,000 species are at risk of extinction
-Almost 50% of freshwater, terrestrial and mountain in key biodiversity areas are protected.
The Nagoya Protocol on Access to Genetic Resources and the Fair and Equitable Sharing of Benefits Arising from their Utilization to the Convention on Biological Diversity, also known as the Nagoya Protocol on Access and Benefit Sharing is a 2010 supplementary agreement to the 1992 Convention on Biological Diversity

# data[].attributes.body
The effects of COVID19 on the world has seen a complete decrease in life expectancy and also 92% of countries have seen a disrupt of essential healthcare services
22.7 million children missed basic vaccines in 2020 versus the 3.7million in 2019
115,500 frontline workers died due to the circumstances of COVID19
Tuberculosis has seen a first time rise since 2005 (1.2 million deaths in 2019 vs 1.3million in 2020)
16% of births were not assisted by skilled healthcare
2.4 million childhood deaths occurred within the first month of life
1 billion people spent more than 10% of household budgets on out of pocket health expenses
680,000 died of AIDS in 2020

# data[].attributes.body
-Total renewable energy consumption has increased by 25% from 2010-2019, however the total percentage of renewable energy usage globally still only hovers at 17% of consumption.

-Percentage of people with access to clean cooking fuels and technologies has increased by 12% in 10 years.

-To meet the Goal 7 target, and make up for lost time, energy intensity improvements until 2030 will need to average 3.2 per cent a year.

-The only region that has reached the target so far is Eastern and South-Eastern Asia, with an annual average rate of 2.7 percent in 2010–2019, driven by strong economic growth.

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reliance on natural resources has risen by 65% within the last 22 years resulting in 95.1 billion metric tons in 2019. Eastern and South Eastern Asia saw the sharpest rise in the world totaling to more than 10% between 2000 and 2019.
13% of Food is lost immediately after harvesting due to on farm activities, transport or processing. 17% is wasted at the consumer level translating to 121kgs per person.
The capability of developing countries to generate electricity has increased from 110 Watts per capita in 2011 to 246 Watts per capita in 2020. Despite this landlocked countries lag behind in this regard  and it's expected to take said countries 40 years to reach the same level as developing countries did in 2020

# data[].attributes.body
- By 2050, 7 out of 10 people will likely lives in an urban area.

-Cities are drivers of economic growth and contribute more than 80 per cent of global GDP. They also account for 70 percent of green house gas emissions.

- The Covid-19 pandemic has highlighted

the importance of sustainable urban development. In order to speed up the recovery process and improve our capacity to handle future crises, it is essential to increase the preparation and durability of cities, including through leading infrastructure and open access to essential services.

-In 2020, about one in four urban dwellers lived in slums or informal settlements. This translates into more than 1 billion people. 85 per cent of whom live in three regions, which are Central and Southern Asia (359

million), Eastern and South-Eastern Asia (306 million), and sub-Saharan Africa (230 million). The region with the highest percentage of slum dwellers is sub-Saharan Africa, where more than half the

urban population live in slums.

- The reasons behind slum formation in developing regions are many: rapid urbanization; ineffective planning; lack of affordable housing options for low-income households; dysfunctional urban, land and

housing policies; a dearth of housing finance; and poverty.

- Air pollution poses a significant threat to human health worldwide. Mortality is attributed to exposure to fine particulate matter of 2.5 microns or less (PM 2.5) in diameter and other pollutants, which put people at increased risk of stroke, heart disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, lung cancer and lower respiratory

infections. Current scientific evidence suggests air pollution weakens the immune system against infectious diseases.

-Data for 2020 from 962 cities around the world point to poor distribution of such spaces. Only about 37.8 per cent of urban residential  neighbourhoods are conveniently located within 400 metres walking distance to an open public space. That translates to about 45.2 per cent of the urban population.

# data[].attributes.body
Average Hourly Earnings in Ireland have increased from €24.23 in 2019 to €25.56 in 2020.
(CSO, Earnings and Labour Costs)

22.2% of young women in Ireland (15 to 24 years old) are unemployed compared to 9.7% of young men.
(CSO, Monthly Unemployment)

Unemployment in Ireland has increased from 4.7% in 2020 to 5.8% in 2021.
(CSO, Monthly Unemployment)

The pandemic has resulted in volatile shifts in labour productivity, affecting small firms and the poorest

countries the most.
(The UN Sustainable Development Goals Report 2022)

Youth training, education and employment have suffered massive disruptions, with women facing the biggest

challenges.
(The UN Sustainable Development Goals Report 2022)

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Its goal is to, ‘Promote peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable development, provide access to justice for all and build effective, accountable and inclusive institutions at all levels’.

As of May 2022, a record 100 million people had been forcibly displaced worldwide, 41 percent of people forcibly displaced worldwide were children

320 fatal attacks against human rights defenders, journalists and trade unionists recorded in 35 countries in 2021.

13,842 deaths associated with 12 of the world’s deadliest armed conflicts in 2021-11,075 civilians, and 1 in 8 were women or children, but the number of civilian conflict-related deaths dropped by 17 per cent compared to 2020, and by 69 per cent compared to 2015.

Human trafficking and forced labour, have increased and international humanitarian law has been disregarded.

Over the last decade, the world has spent $349 billion on peacekeeping, humanitarian relief and refugee support.

Between 2016 and 2020, an average of 28 percent of seized weapons were reported as successfully traced, according to data from 20 countries. Close to 60 percent of successfully traced firearms were identified through a national registry, and the other 40 per cent were traced internationally through a foreign registry.

From 2018 to 2019, national authorities destroyed an average of 48 per cent of weapons seized, found or surrendered.

On average, about 69 per cent of the world’s population report feeling safe walking alone at night in the area in which they live, a proportion that has remained stable from 2016 to 2021, Latin America and the Caribbean reporting the lowest level of perceived public safety and Eastern and South-Eastern Asia reporting the highest.

The proportion of women feeling safe walking alone in their local neighborhoods at night is, on average, 10 percentage points lower than that of men (61 per cent versus 71 per cent), according to 2019–2021 data from 106 countries.

Between 2015 and 2020, the global homicide rate declined by 5.2 percent – from 5.9 to 5.6 homicides per 100,000 people, 8 out of 10 recorded homicide victims are male, although women and girls comprise about 60 percent of all homicide victims killed by intimate partners or family members.

In Latin America and the Caribbean, the homicide rate declined by 6.9 per cent for males but increased by 2.7 per cent for females between 2015 and 2020. In Eastern and South-Eastern Asia, the homicide rate declined by 35 per cent for males but by 20 per cent for females.

By 2030, it is projected that the global homicide rate will decrease by 19 per cent from the 2015 level

# data[].attributes.body
only 12% of Ireland's electricity was renewable in the year 2019.

# data[].attributes.body
Ireland has generally improved in this field within the last few years
Fossil fuel subsidies fell by 23% between 2020 and 2019
Electricity generated by electrical sources wen up by 3% between 2020 and 2019
Despite this material consumption increased by 3.5 million tonnes between 2018 and 2019

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IRELAND - UPDATE 2022 -SDG 1 - No Poverty : 

# data[].attributes.subject
IRELAND - UPDATE 2022 -SDG 1 - No Poverty : 

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***data is from 2019***

Highest percentage of homeless people is found in Dublin ( at 70.1% of Ireland’s total homeless population)

Lowest percentage of homeless people is found in the North - West of Ireland ( at 0.8%)

Consistent poverty rate of 5.6%

14% are at risk of poverty

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17% of people over the age of 15 smoke (19% are male and 16% female)
Medication makes up 2.2% of household budgets
24.2 health care workers per thousand
Alcohol consumption in 2013: 10.53ltr and in 2018 11.01ltr

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highest representation of woman in local gov was in dublin with 36%
violence from previous/current partner 15%
2018 36% of woman were married before 18

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-100% of Irish households had access to electricity.

-75% of irish households are heated by oil and natural gas.

# data[].attributes.body
Stats ;
- Wider Dublin area only place in country with >35% proportion of seats in local government held by women.

- 15% of women have experienced violence from a past of current partner (2012)

- 34.4% of manager positions held by women in the country.

- 11.7% farms owned by women

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Ireland -  leaving certificate completion rate 91%
IT skills (march 2020) age 16-29 in Ireland - 100%

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1. Access to improved water source 100%.

2. Annual investment in water supply and sanitation €71/capita (2013).

3. 98.9% of public water supplies complying with the standards for E. coli levels in 2004.

4. For wastewater treatment, 94% of wastewater collected in urban area sewers receives at least secondary treatment, and 1.6 billion litres of water are treated each day nationally.

5. Access to improved sanitation 99%

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IN 2017 :
19% of 3 year olds are over weights and 5% are obese.
23% of 5 year old girls and 18% of 5 year old boys are over weight
IN 2018 PREVALANCE OF FOOD INSECURITY:
8.4% in the south
8.8% in the east and midlands
5.3% in the northern and western

# data[].attributes.body
- Emissions from transport are now responsible for 23% of global Green House Gas Emissions and are increasing faster than any other source; outdoor air pollution alone, a major source of which is transport, is responsible for 3.7 million deaths annually, road traffic accidents kill more than 1.2 million people every year and severe traffic congestion is choking cities and impacting on GDPs.

-Cities that have convenient access to public transport, including access by persons with disabilities are more preferred as these are more likely to offer lower transportation costs while improving on the environment, congestion and travel times within the city

-79.8% of disabled people in Dublin City and suburbs are living under 500 metres away from a public transport stop.

-3,241 sexual offence cases recorded. 18,701 attempts or threats of murder, assault or harassment recorded.

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*Refugees in Ireland take up 0.3% of the population meaning there are 15779 refugees in the country
*The household median gross income by county in 2016 shows Dublin has the highest gross income whereas Donegal, Leitrim and Longford have the lowest

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- 0.3% of Ireland population of Ireland are refuges (15,779)
- The total development assistance is 870million euro.
- 27941 euro is the mean  net disposable.

# data[].attributes.body
Mean hourly earnings were €23.12 for males compared with €20.79 for females in 2018, a difference of €2.33

Mean hourly earnings were higher for males in all sectors of the economy.

The highest unemployment rate in Q4 2020 was 19.4% for those aged 15-19 years while the lowest was just 1.7% for those aged 65 years and over.  Male and female rates of unemployment were broadly similar except for those aged 15-19 years where the female rate was 21.5% compared to 17.5% for males.  (Source: Decent Work - CSO - Central Statistics Office)

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
SDG 8.5.1 Average hourly earnings of employees, by sex, age, occupation and persons with disabilities is published by the CSO and Eurostat.

Earnings and Labour Costs
Preliminary estimates from the Earnings and Labour Costs Quarterly report in June 2021 show that average hourly earnings rose from €24.23 in Q4 2019 to €25.56 in Q4 2020.

The Earnings and Labour Costs release was compiled during the COVID-19 pandemic. For further information see Technical Note - Impact of COVID-19 on the Earnings and Labour Costs release - updated Quarter 1 2021 and Press Statement Earnings and Labour Costs Quarter 4 2020 (Final) Quarter 1 2021 (Preliminary Estimate).

Employees in the public sector had higher average hourly earnings than those in the private sector. In Q4 2020, average hourly earnings were €31.21 in the public sector compared with €23.82 in the private sector.

Employees in larger enterprises were more likely to earn more. Average hourly earnings in Q4 2020 were €28.49 in firms with more than 250 employees compared with €21.40 in firms with less than 50 employees. See Table 5.1.

Preliminary data for Q1 2021 show average hourly earnings of €26.89, a quarterly change of 5.2% and an annual change of 8.6%. See Table 5.1.

Average Hourly Earnings by Economic Sector is also published in more detail in the CSO, Earnings and Labour Costs release. Figures from their most recent release show that average hourly earnings were €25.56 in Q4 2020 but this varied widely by sector.

The three sectors with the highest average hourly earnings were publishing activities (€44.97 per hour), education (€37.46) and financial and insurance service activities (€35.57).

The three sectors with the lowest average hourly earnings were services to buildings and landscape activities (€14.13 per hour), repair of computers, personal and household goods; other personal service activities (€15.38) and food and beverage service activities (€15.51). See Table 5.2.

Structure of Earnings Survey
According to the Structure of Earnings Survey (SES), Eurostat figures show that the mean hourly earnings for males were €23.12 in 2018 compared with €20.79 for females.

There are smaller differences when looking at median hourly earnings.

In 2018, median hourly earnings were €17.30 for males compared with €16.28 for females.

The difference in median hourly earnings is strongest for people aged 50 and over, at €19.71 for males and €16.85 for females. See Table 5.3.

Using occupational classfication ISCO-08, the mean hourly earnings for males were €23.12 for males compared with €20.79 for females in 2018, a difference of €2.33.

Median hourly earnings were higher for males in all occupations. This difference was most pronounced for managers, where mean hourly earnings for male were €38.88 compared with €28.69 for females. See Table 5.4.

Median hourly earnings for males were €17.30 in 2018 compared with €16.28 for females.

Median hourly earnings for males were higher in all occupations except skilled agriculture, forestry and fishery workers.

This largest difference was for managers, where median hourly earnings for males were €29.04 compared with €20.45 for females. See Table 5.5.

Mean hourly earnings were €23.12 for males compared with €20.79 for females in 2018, a difference of €2.33.

Mean hourly earnings were higher for males in all sectors of the economy.

The largest difference was in the Education: Human health & social work activities; Arts, entertainment & recreation; Other service activities sector. Mean hourly earnings were €28.22 for males compared with €23.69 for females in this sector, a difference of €4.53.

The smallest difference was in industry & construction, where mean hourly earnings for males were €22.23 compared with €21.33 for females, a difference of 0.90 cent. See Table 5.6 and Figure 5.1.

Median hourly earnings for males were €17.30 in 2018 compared with €16.28 for females.

Median hourly earnings were higher for males in all sectors of the economy.

The largest difference was in the Education: Human health and social work activities; Arts, entertainment and recreation; Other service activities sector. Median hourly earnings were €21.96 for males compared with €20.12 for females in this sector, a difference of €1.84.

The smallest different was in industry and construction, where median hourly earnings for males were €18.41 compared with €17.83 for females. See Table 5.7.

The CSO publication "Geographical Profiles on Income in Ireland 2016" reports on income earned by persons with disabilities.

People with a deafness or a serious hearing impairment had the highest median value for earned income at €21,270 per person with a disability in 2016.

The lowest median earned income for those with a disability was €7,140 for persons with an intellectual disability. See Table 5.8 and Figure 5.1.

Deafness or a Serious Hearing Impairment

21270

A Difficulty with Pain, Breathing, or any Other Chronic Illness or Condition

21155

Blindness or a Serious Vision Impairment

20004

A Psychological or Emotional Condition

15835

Difficulty Participating in Other Activities, for Example Leisure or Using Transport

14833

A Difficulty that Limits Basic Physical Activities such as Walking, Climbing Stairs, Reaching, Lifting or Carrying

13249

Difficulty Dressing, Bathing or Getting Around Inside the Home

12153.5

A Difficulty with Learning, Remembering or Concentrating

11143

Difficulty Working at a job, Business or Attending School or College

10263

Difficulty Going Outside the Home Alone to Shop or Visit a Doctors Surgery

9259

An Intellectual Disability

7140

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Decent Work - CSO - Central Statistics Office

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
SDG 8.5.1 Average hourly earnings of employees, by sex, age, occupation and persons with disabilities is published by the CSO and Eurostat. Earnings and Labour Costs Preliminary estimates from the Earnings and Labour Costs Quarterly report in June 2021 show that average hourly earnings rose from €24.23 in Q4 2019 to €25.56 in Q4 2020.