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oral histories; intellectual, moral, spiritual focuses

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1828
Treaty recognizes Cherokee language rights

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1635: 1st school established by European colonizers

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1635: 1st school established by European colonizers

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emphasis on the "classics", boys only, puritan Christian

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1790
Pennsylvania becomes the first state to require FREE public education for poor children (assuming that the other rich families are will to pay for their children's schooling)

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1819: MISSION SCHOOLS
Indian Civilization Act which authorizes funding to support the efforts of religious groups and interested individuals 'willing to live among and teach Indians' (source: here)

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December 03, 2013 1 min read

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1819-2013: A History of American Indian Education

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December 03, 2013 1 min read Remove Save to favorites Save to favorites Print Education in Indian Country: Obstacles and Opportunity Most Popular Stories Related Resources Get the latest education news delivered to your inbox daily. Read Next Create a free account to save your favorite articles, follow important topics, sign up for email newsletters, and more.

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An Unjust Chain Reaction that Stems from Racism and Slavery.

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An Unjust Chain Reaction that Stems from Racism and Slavery.

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1829-1832
States including Georgia, Virginia, and Alabama prohibits teaching black students to read and write.

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1835: Native Americans moved to reservations

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1835: Native Americans moved to reservations

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1835 Native Americans moved to reservations. Schooling is from reservation schools or boarding schools. Native American culture and religion is devalued, and disrespected.

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Bilingualism is FINE! ...only if it's the language of another white European country.

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Bilingualism is FINE! ...only if it's the language of another white European country.

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1839
Ohio enacts first state law that authorizes bilingual education: English and German.

1847
Not that long after, Louisiana follows in Ohio's footsteps but substitute French for German.

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Those who were here first--can't speak...?

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Those who were here first--can't speak...?

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1864
Congress declares it is illegal to teach Native Children in their indigenous languages in schools.

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1879: Government Schools - "Kill the Indian in him, and save the man"

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1879: Government Schools - "Kill the Indian in him, and save the man"

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"The first off-reservation boarding school, the Carlisle Indian Industrial School, was created in 1879 in Carlisle, PA.. Today only 7 percent of the 607,000 Native students in the United States attend federally run Bureau of Indian Education (BIE) day and boarding schools. Most Indian students now attend public schools on and off Indian reservations."

-goal was to "civilize" to white man standards; cultural genocide: forced to cut their hair, non-consensually given white anglo names, forbidden from speaking their native language, taught individualism, converted to christianity
-severe physical, physcolognical, cultural and spiritual abuse; many native children were murdered at these schools
-children were often kidnapped from their families by boarding school agents

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1819-2013: A History of American Indian Education

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Explore the challenges clouding a Native American boy’s future & the opportunities lying in a state-of-the-art school run by a Calif. tribe.

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The Supreme Court rules in Brown v. Board of Education that separate means unequal and mandates desegregation of public schools. In southern schools, thousands of Black teachers and principals are fired and thousands of white men and women, less qualified and credentialed, get jobs in the newly integrated schools.

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Project Head Start was created and designed to help break the cycle of poverty by providing preschool children of low-income families with a comprehensive program that supported all of their needs.

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Citing the high college-dropout rate for Native students, the Navajo tribal council passes a resolution founding Navajo Community College (renamed Diné College in 1997), the first tribal college. In 1978, Congress passes the Tribally Controlled Community College Assistance Act. Today, there are 35 tribal colleges in 13 states.

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Congress passes the Native American Languages Act declaring a federal policy to “preserve, protect, and promote the rights and freedoms of Native Americans to use, practice, and develop” their languages. Similar efforts had been made under the Indian New Deal and the Bilingual Education Act of 1968. Following the lead of the Maori of New Zealand and Native Hawaiians, some Native-language-immersion schools begin teaching children their tribal languages.

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"No person in the United States shall, on the basis of sex, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any education program or activity receiving Federal financial assistance."

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Congress passes the Native American Languages Act declaring a federal policy to “preserve, protect, and promote the rights and freedoms of Native Americans to use, practice, and develop” their languages. Similar efforts had been made under the Indian New Deal and the Bilingual Education Act of 1968. Following the lead of the Maori of New Zealand and Native Hawaiians, some Native-language-immersion schools begin teaching children their tribal languages.

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Congress passes the No Child Left Behind Act, a revision of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act, in part to raise the relatively low academic achievement of minority students, including American Indians. Since the law's adoption, achievement has risen for every student group except American Indians.

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2006: Esther Martinez and Language Preservation

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2006: Esther Martinez and Language Preservation

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In 2006, Congress passes the Esther Martinez Native American Language Preservation Act to preserve Native American languages by using them as the language of instruction in Indian immersion schools. Here, Martinez, a renowned Tewa storyteller and linguist, receives the 2006 National Endowment for the Arts National Heritage Fellowship award from U.S. Rep. Tom Udall, D-N.M., left, and National Endowment for the Arts Chairman Dana Gioia, right, in Washington. (Martinez was killed in a traffic accident in New Mexico on her way home from accepting the award. She was 94.)

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Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act allows protection from discrimination of disabilities. This law considered the first law giving protection to students with disabilities. This law includes FAPE and LRE.