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John Wesley Hyatt was an American inventor born November 28, 1837 and died May 10, 1920. He is most prominently known for simplifying the creation of celluloid, artificial plastic, in 1872 that would be used to make the Brownie camera possible by coating the paper used to create film so that it could be used in a camera.

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George Eastman was born July 12, 1854 and died March 14 1932. He was most known for inventing the Brownie camera that dominated the consumer industry and marked the beginnings of photography's vast evolution in the twentieth century.

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In 1900, a photography equipment company called Kodak, founded by George Eastman, produced a consumer camera called the Brownie that introduced snapshot photography to the public at the cheap price of $1. In the first year, Kodak sold 100,000 Brownie cameras to people across America.

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Picture Post Cards: Early in the Century (1903)

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Picture Post Cards: Early in the Century (1903)

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In 1903, during what was considered the "Golden Age" of picture postcards, Kodak released a camera that was designed to shoot postcard sized negative photos. This was before colored photos were widely available/manufacturable.

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Edward Curtis Photograph: Canyon de Chelly (1904)

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Edward Curtis Photograph: Canyon de Chelly (1904)

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Edward Curtis was born February 19, 1868 and died October 19, 1952. He is most known for his documentary photographs of Native American groups and individuals between 1900-1930s. The images showed the culture and history of minority native groups despite some causing controversy.

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Alfred Stieglitz was born January 4, 1864 and died July 14, 1946. He is most well known for being a part of the efforts of photographers to prove that photography is just as meaningful and can be as labor intensive as other art forms. Pictorialism was an approach to photography that emphasized beauty of subject matter, tonality, and composition rather than depicting reality. The movement was popular in the early 1900s, declining in popularity by 1915.

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This photo called "The Flatiron" taken by Edward J. Steichen exemplifies a technique of pictorial photography where they smeared Vaseline onto the lens or image itself to make it appear like a handmade piece of art, like paintings.

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Magazine Photography: Dalai Lama's Palace, Tibet (1905)

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Magazine Photography: Dalai Lama's Palace, Tibet (1905)

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One of the first photos that Gilbert Grosvenor printed directly onto the National Geographic newspaper using halftone printing was of a temple in Lhasa Tibet in 1905, a photo sent to him in the mail. This issue along with the ones that followed interested the public and made the newspaper grow in popularity very quickly

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This photo is one taken by Alfred Stieglitz towards the end of his pictorial phase of photography. It was deemed one of his first "modernist" photos.

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Gilbert Grosvenor was born October 28, 1875 and died February 4, 1966. In 1905 he used the new halftone printing technology to print photographs from around the world directly into his magazine, then a struggling National Geographic, to gain popularity and wealth very quickly.

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Picture Postcards: Photo post cards (1908)

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Picture Postcards: Photo post cards (1908)

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1908 was the year that Kodak invented a way to print the photos that people took on their Brownie cameras onto postcards, at no extra cost, to mail to distant family and friends of the public.

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The postcards had the area on the front that was traditionally meant for pictures or drawings, but now was able to house photographs with the back looking like the image above with places to write messages on.

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Lewis Hine was born September 26, 1874 and died November 3, 1940. He was a sociologist and photographer who between 1908 and 1924 used photography to spread awareness about child labor leading to its ultimate outlaw in 1938.

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Boys working in a bottle factory in Indianapolis Indiana

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Magazine Photography: First autochrome photo National Geographic (1914)

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Magazine Photography: First autochrome photo National Geographic (1914)

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In 1914, National geographic printed it's first autochrome, or natural colored photograph, which differed from the painted colored photos at the time.

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Motion Studies Photography: Frank Gilbreth

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Motion Studies Photography: Frank Gilbreth

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Frank Gilbreth was born July 7, 1868 and died June 14 1924. Between 1910-1924, he conducted motion studies on workers in different industries, using photography, to improve efficiency of production.

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Frank Gilbreth used lights that wrapped around a workers wrist or body part and using long exposure photography would be able to determine the motion path of the worker. From this he would be able to shorten the motion to improve efficiency.

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Motion studies: How it was done (No date)

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Motion studies: How it was done (No date)

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Frank Gilbreth performed his motion studies not only through the long exposure photos with the light, but also through motion picture. He would set up a timer in frame to show the time it took to complete the task and compare to his own, improved processes.

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Lewis Hine: Jewel and Harold Walker (1916)

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Lewis Hine: Jewel and Harold Walker (1916)

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This photo is among the many photos that Lewis Hine used to advocate against child labor in 1916

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Start of Modernism: Straight Photography and Paul Strand

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Start of Modernism: Straight Photography and Paul Strand

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Paul strand was born October 16, 1890 and died March 31, 1976. He is most known for founding straight photography, a form of modern photography that focuses on sharp focus and detail of photos, in 1915, from the influence of pictorialism and finding new ways of taking photos.

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Modernism Paul Strand Photo: Porch Shadows (1916)

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Modernism Paul Strand Photo: Porch Shadows (1916)

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This photo, taken 1916, by Paul Strand introduced some of the first purely abstract photographs to the public, testing how shapes are related to each other and how spaces are filled to see what truly makes up a picture.

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Modernsim Paul Strand Photo: Blind Woman (1916)

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Modernsim Paul Strand Photo: Blind Woman (1916)

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This photo, taken 1916, "immediately became an icon of the new American photography, which integrated the humanism of social documentation with the boldly simplified forms of modernism" according to New York's Metropolitan Museum of Art.

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Propaganda photography is the use of photographs to rally a group of people to a cause. It was utilized a lot in WWI by the US to gain public support and get more men to fight in the war.

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The main way that the US used photography as propaganda for war efforts was by portraying the US army as happy and a positive, uplifting thing to take part in. By purposefully ignoring the tragedies and negative sights commonly found in war, leading to people continuing to go against war efforts, the US used these positive looking images to encourage patriotism and support.

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Tabloids were a type of newspaper that focused on attention grabbing stories rather than actual news. They focused on sensationalized stories revolving sex, scandals, slayings, and sports to gain popularity amongst the working class in the 1920s onward.

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One of the most popular tabloids was called the Daily News. They gained a lot of attention in the early years of tabloid journalism with this cover image of Ruth Snyder being executed by an electric chair, an image that a journalist for Daily News took secretly using a hidden camera.

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George Hurrell was born June 1, 1904 in Cincinnati, Ohio and died May 17, 1992. He was known for his great talent in the arts with painting and, most prominently, photography where he photographed wealthy individuals starting in the mid to late 1920s and photographing for prominent companies and celebrities until his death.

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George Hurrell Celebrity Photography (1932)

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George Hurrell Celebrity Photography (1932)

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This is one of many celebrity photos taken by George Hurrell, this one in particular was of a very famous movie star at the time, Joan Crawford.

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George Hurrell Celebrity Photography (1933)

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George Hurrell Celebrity Photography (1933)

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Wire Journalism: Associative Press (1930s)

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Wire Journalism: Associative Press (1930s)

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In the 1930s, the Associative Press needed an invention to transmit photos as fast a words so everyone could get the news in a faster, more efficient way. This led to the use of high-fidelity telephone lines to transmit the dark and light colors of an image into sound waves that could be received by whoever was on the other end of the wire, which could be hundreds of miles away.

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Wire Journalism: Associative Press (1930s)

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Wire Journalism: Associative Press (1930s)

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This was what the operators of the telephone lines looked liked at work during the 1930s and what the operators for these images would look like as well.

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This was the first wire photograph that was transmitted via telephone lines and showed the importance of the new technology. The image was simultaneously being transmitted to 25 cities around America.

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Part 2-2 Morehouseville Crash site, trees intact BETTER

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This is what wire photos were being transmitted and received using the machine in the photo above. It would transmit black and white colors into frequencies that would then be transmitted back into color on the receiving end.

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Murry Becker was born 1909 and died in 1986 from cancer. He was a photographer for the Associative press most well known for his photographs of the Hindenburg Explosions in 1937, photos that showed the great importance and power of the new wirephoto technology

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Becker was one of very few photographers ready with the camera at the time of the explosion due to photographers already capturing the landing before.

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This is the camera that Murray Becker used to capture the Hindenburg explosion

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Arthur Fellig, better known as WeeGee, was a photographer and photojournalist best known for photographing many images that included urban life, crime, injury, and death. He would follow emergency services and take pictures as they worked on a scene.

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Someone getting arrested on suspicion of killing a policeman 1939

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Crowd gathered around a victim of a melee

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Henry Luce was born April 3, 1898, and died February 28, 1967. He was an American Magazine publisher and influential figure in America at the time where he created multiple magazines that transformed journalism, one of those being Life Magazine in 1936.

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This was the first edition of Life Magazine and it was the first of its kind to use pictures to tell stories rather than words. It was an immediate success and took over the journalism world and market due to the universal understanding/interpretation of images and photos versus words that have limitations in terms of language.

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After great initial success, Life Magazine soon perfected and widely used the format of photo essay during the time of the Great Depression. These photo essays would use pictures to tell a story with a beginning, middle, and end.

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FSA Photographers - Dorthea Lange/Great Depression

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FSA Photographers - Dorthea Lange/Great Depression

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Dorothea Lange was born May 26, 1895, and died October 11, 1965. She was an American Documentary Photographer most well known for her Depression-Era work for the Farm Security Administration (FSA), a government-established organization initially used for propaganda to gain support for President Roosevelt's economic programs for the economic crisis. FSA photographers including Dorothea Lange, Arthur Rothstein, Russell Lee, and Walker Evans captured 250,000 photos within 6 years.

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Roy Stryker was born November 5, 1893, and died September 27, 1975. He was an American government official and photographer who was bad at photography but great as a talent scout which he showed while finding photographers for the FSA. He was responsible for hiring some of the most prominent photographers such as Dorothea Lange, Arthur Rothstein, Russell Lee, and Walker Evans.

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Gordan Parks was born November 30, 1912, and died March 7, 2006. He was a photographer hired by Roy Stryker to the FSA to photograph racial discrimination in New York City, something that Gordan himself was not exposed to prior to this position.

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This photo was one of the first photos that Gordan took once joining the FSA and it was powerful in that it captured the state and low place Black Americans had in society.

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This image depicts the sort of situation and environment common to experience not only in large cities such as New York, but all around the country with blacks and whites being forced to use different things such as water fountains (like in the image above), bathrooms, schools, parts of restaurant with blacks in the back and whites in the front, and schools.

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Development of the National Parks/The Zone System - Ansel Adams

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Development of the National Parks/The Zone System - Ansel Adams

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Ansel Adams was born February 20, 1902, and died April 22, 1984. He was a landscape photographer and environmentalist who initially took photos that went unnoticed, but with the Great Depression and War, it became a way of escapism for most and a way of promoting environmentalism once people started to notice the effects of war.

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World War II started on September 1, 1939, and ended on September 2, 1945. The big five were five photos that changed and influenced the course of the war and world wide public opinion.

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At the start of the war, it was more affective for the US government to show what they were fighting against instead of what they were fighting for, and as a result the country started to demonize Japanese and sent them to internment camps for what happened at Pearl Harbor.

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At the height of the war, an image of a woman named Betty Grable grabbed the attention of many service men who saw her as a symbol for what America was fighting for; American woman. This started a new form of modeling called pin up and the models were called pin-up girls which used photographs of attractive woman to appeal to men, especially service men.

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The Normandy Landing, a.k.a D-Day, was on June 6, 1944. The invasion of Allied forces took place in Normandy with over 150,000 troops being sent. Magazines and Newspapers wanted photos of the event as soon as it started. Life sent John Morris to France who then hired Robert Capa, who captured the Spanish Civil War, to capture phots of the invasion which he successfully did. Only 11 photos out of 4 rolls of film made it out in time due to rushed processing.

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The battle of Iwo Jima started on February 19, 1945, and ended March 26, 1945. Iwo Jima is an island in Japan and once the American troops claimed victory, a photo of several troops hoisting up a flag pole with an American flag atop Mount Suribachi became very popular and a symbol for unity for Americans.

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Photos of concentration camps made the world realize the horrific things that actually happened to the Jewish population and changed human consciousness world wide.

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On January 24, 1955, the museum of modern art in New York City presented an exhibition called "The Family of Man", organized by Edward Steichen. The photographs were of people from around the world that promoted the idea that mankind is one and that we are all connected. This held a lot of significance due to the war preceding it.

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The exhibit gained so much popularity that it brought people into museums for the first time in their life and a book was created so that it could connect and reach more people.

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Richard Avedon was born May 15, 1923, and died October 1, 2004. He was a fashion and portrait photographer. He was best known for photographing woman in beautiful dresses that appealed to many people, mainly woman who after seeing his photos wanted the dresses the women wore.

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Fashion Photography - Richard Avedon (1950s)

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Fashion Photography - Richard Avedon (1950s)

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Fashion Photography - Richard Avedon (1952)

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Fashion Photography - Richard Avedon (1952)

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Robert Frank was born November 9, 1924, and died September 9, 2019. He was a Swiss photographer who became an American binational. He was most well known for his photos that separated and contrasted with the professional photography that overwhelmed the industry and instead showed the gritty, sort of depressive reality that many Americans lived in comparison to the advertised "American Dream".

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Street Photography - Robert Frank (1951)

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Street Photography - Robert Frank (1951)

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Street Photography - Robert Frank (1955)

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Street Photography - Robert Frank (1955)

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The Black Press - The Emmett Till Generation

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The Black Press - The Emmett Till Generation

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Emmett Till was a 14-year-old African American who was lynched on August 28, 1955, after being accused of whistling at a white lady in her family's grocery store. The photograph of his dead body was published by the Black press and was gruesome and influenced many black southerners to fight for their rights and equality in the Civil Rights Movement that took place in the late '50s and '60s.

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This is a photo of Emmett Till's killers who were acquitted from their murder charges by an all-white jury. They both later admitted to killing Emmett in an interview and still faced no charges This sparked outrage in the black community and influenced protests and the beginning of the Civil Rights Movement.

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Protests resulting from Emmett Till's death and acquittal of killers

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Danny Lyon was born March 16, 1942, and is 79 years old. He is an American photographer and filmmaker who is most well known for his photographs of the Civil Rights movement and Segregation in the South.

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Civil Rights Photography - Birmingham race riots (1960s)

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Civil Rights Photography - Birmingham race riots (1960s)

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The Birmingham race riots was a civil disorder and riot in Birmingham, Alabama that resulted from bombings intended to kill African American leaders of the Birmingham Campaign, a civil rights mass protest group. The photographs from this event were what changed public opinion both domestically and worldwide.

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This photograph, taken by Malcolm browne, had an immediate impact back in the US with President Kennedy questioning his Vietnam Policy as soon as he saw the photo.

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Nguyen Ngoc Loan, the national police chief of South Vietnam, executed a Vietcong fighter, Nguyen Van Lem, in Saigon on Feb. 1, 1968.

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This photo out of all of the others capturing the war was one that symbolized, for many, everything that had happened in the war, changing public opinion.

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Phan Thi Kim Phuc running away after being napalmed by the US, 1972.

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This photograph was one that allowed Americans to feel immersed in the horrors and traumatic scenes of the Vietnam War, changing public opinion and creating empathy for innocent citizens caught up in the war.

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Mary Ann Vecchio kneeling over the dead body of a fellow student at Kent State May 4, 1970.

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This photo was taken at Kent State University where on May 4, 1970, students protested governmental action regarding the Vietnam War. This photo was of one of the students kneeling over one of four students killed during the protests wondering why something like that would ever happen.

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Vietnam War - Life Magazine Weeks Dead (1969)

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Vietnam War - Life Magazine Weeks Dead (1969)

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Life magazine Weeks Dead was a series of photographs of people killed in the Vietnam War that really impacted how people saw the war and their support for it.

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Photo of Earth from Moon on Apollo 8 mission, 1970

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Prior to the Apollo 8 mission, there were no photos ever taken of Earth from space. This mission was the one where the first ever photos of Earth were take and shared around the world sparking pro Earth and ecological movements and the first Earth Day.

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This is an image of the first Earth day following the photos taken on the Apollo 8 mission. The view of Earth as a mixture of complex land and water and clouds made people realize it is our home and worth protecting.

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Stewart Brand was born on December 14, 1938. He is an American Writer who contributed and brought up the question "why isn't there a picture of the whole?" He is most well known for this and being the founder of the Whole Earth Catalog.

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The Whole Earth Catalog was a magazine that had its first issue in 1968 and last issue in 1998. The magazine was founded by Stewart Brand and was used to share things from how to garden, and how to self-hypnotize. It was aimed at those that were also a part of the back-to-the-land movement.

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It is believed that ever since photography was invented, it was used for crime scenes and to document criminals in the form of mugshots.

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This then developed into regular use of photographs in the court room to provide long lasting evidence for a case. This proved to be extremely helpful and significant especially when trying to grab at the emotions of the jury which can be done with photos (i.e. one photo of a corpse and one photo of that person alive and happy).

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Hedda Nussbaum (left) and Joel Steinberg (right) being arrested in 1987

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Crime Scene Photography - Trial of Joel Steinberg (1987)

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Crime Scene Photography - Trial of Joel Steinberg (1987)

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A prominent example of the use of photographs in a case to change the story of the crime was at the trial of Joel Steinberg. Steinberg and Hedda Nussbaum were accused of murdering a 6 year old that lived with them, but photographs of Nussbaum with bruises on her body showed that she was just as much of a victim as the little girl, so Steinberg was convicted instead of both of them.

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The Photo Op, or Photo Opportunity is a term used for the arranged opportunity to take a photo of a politician, celebrity, or notable event. This is a thing due to these individuals holding such high significance that portraying them in a negative way or in a way separate from what is expected would be detrimental to their reputation.

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In this photo of presidential candidate Gary Hart was taken and used against him, showing him having an affair. This photograph of him is what caused him to drop out of his campaign and why the Photo Op is so important.

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This photograph was taken of President Ronald Reagan during his reelection campaign in 1884. This photo was taken with the word leadership deliberately placed over his head to give the impression that he is a leader. Photos like this solidified the use of photos rather than film for photo ops because it portrays impressions which grab at viewers more than film where they get the substance or idea.

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David Turnley wad born June 22, 1955. He is a an American photographer and winner of the Pulitzer Prize, two World Pres photos of the Year, and the Robert Capa Award for Courage for his photographs of the Gulf War.

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Photo of David Turnley after going a-wall due to government censorship for photographers photographing the war.

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This photo was the award-winning photo of David Turnley. It depicts the reality of soldiers with the man on the left crying realizing that his best friend was the dead body in the bag to the right.

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When computers were introduced and widely available to the public, the development of digitally edited photos began. This was usually very blatantly edited photos, but still threaten the legitimacy of photography, hence why professional photographs were forced to not edit their photos.

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Digital editing got to the point where it could be used for other, more practical uses like editing photos of children who went missing years ago to create a photo of what they might look like in the present day.

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With the introduction of the digital camera, the introduction of limited storage became a factor with many photographers using digital cameras having to delete photos in order to create space. The image above is a photo of Monica Lewinsky hugging president Clinton, a photo deleted by other news outlets due to digital cameras, but kept by the one photography still using film, Dirck Halstead. Lewinsky turned up to be the one that Clinton had an affair with during his presidency.

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Evolution of Photography Art - Andy Warhol

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Evolution of Photography Art - Andy Warhol

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Andy Warhol was born August 6, 1928, and died February 22, 1987. He was an American artist, film director, and producer, most well known for his contribution to abstract art in which he utilized photographs to produce.