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the forced relocation during the 1830s of Eastern Woodlands Indians of the Southeast region of the United States to Indian Territory west of the Mississippi River.

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was signed into law on May 28, 1830, by United States President Andrew Jackson. The law authorized the president to negotiate with southern Native American tribes for their removal to federal territory west of the Mississippi River in exchange for white settlement of their ancestral lands.

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practice in which the political party winning an election rewards its campaign workers and other active supporters by appointment to government posts and with other favours.

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the best known U.S. policy toward the Western Hemisphere.

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the Florida Purchase Treaty, or the Florida Treaty, was a treaty between the United States and Spain in 1819 that ceded Florida to the U.S. and defined the boundary between the U.S. and New Spain.

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one of the first and most important Supreme Court cases on federal power. In this case, the Supreme Court held that Congress has implied powers derived from those listed in Article I, Section 8.

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a 363-mile waterway that connects the Great Lakes with the Atlantic Ocean via the Hudson River in upstate New York.

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was the first major improved highway in the United States built by the federal government.

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the policy of promoting industry in the U.S. by adoption of a high protective tariff and of developing internal improvements by the federal government

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conflict fought between the United States and Great Britain over British violations of U.S. maritime rights

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any of the expansionists primarily composed of young Southerners and Westerners elected to the U.S. Congress in 1810, whose territorial ambitions in the Northwest and Florida inspired them to agitate for war with Great Britain.

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recruitment by force

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explore the American Northwest, newly purchased from France, and some territories beyond.

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stretched from the Pacific coast to the Rocky Mountains, encompassing the area including present-day Oregon, Washington, and most of British Columbia

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a land deal between the United States and France, in which the U.S. acquired approximately 827,000 square miles of land west of the Mississippi River for $15 million.

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an American politician and lawyer who served as the fourth Chief Justice of the United States from 1801 to 1835

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he highest federal court in the country and the head of the judicial branch of government.

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marked the first peaceful transition in power from one political party to another.

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a series of four laws passed by the U.S. Congress in 1798 amid widespread fear that war with France was imminent.

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a diplomatic incident between French and United States diplomats that resulted in a limited, undeclared war known as the Quasi-War.

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advised American citizens to view themselves as a cohesive unit and avoid political parties and issued a special warning to be wary of attachments and entanglements with other nations.

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a 1794 uprising of farmers and distillers in western Pennsylvania in protest of a whiskey tax enacted by the federal government.

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a party system in which two major political parties consistently dominate the political landscape.

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an American political party founded by Thomas Jefferson and James Madison in the early 1790s that championed republicanism, political equality, and expansionism.

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a supporter of federal government

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any commercial bank chartered and supervised by the federal government and operated by private individuals.

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a group of the President's top advisors. It is made up of the heads of the 15 main executive departments.

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act establishing the organization of the U.S. federal court system, which had been sketched only in general terms in the U.S. Constitution.