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The Student Will Be Able To -

Explain how American involvement in World War II brought an end to the Great Depression.

Describe how factories and workers were needed to produce goods to win the war.

Describe the changing role of women due to thousands of American women stepping up to take over jobs in defense plants during the war (e.g., Rosie the Riveter).

Describe how many Americans at home supported the war effort by conserving and rationing resources and planting "Victory Gardens".

Explain how the need for workers temporarily broke down some racial barriers (e.g., hiring in defense plants).

Explain why discrimination against African Americans continued, especially in the South.

Describe the poor treatment of Japanese Americans after Pearl Harbor: (i,e., while many Japanese Americans served in the armed forces, others were treated with distrust and prejudice, and many were forced into internment camps).

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After the Exam: Discussion Board Debate Planner

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After the Exam: Discussion Board Debate Planner

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http://www.atomicarchive.com/History/mp/

http://www.britannica.com/event/Manhattan-Project

http://www.amnh.org/exhibitions/einstein/peace-and-war/the-manhattan-project/

http://energy.gov/management/office-management/operational-management/history/manhattan-project

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In 1939, the U.S. discovered that the Nazis were developing a weapon of unprecedented destructive power and began a top-secret project led by Robert Oppenheimer to beat them to it: The Manhatten Project.

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On August 6, 1945, during World War II (1939-45), an American B-29 bomber dropped the world's first deployed atomic bomb over the Japanese city of Hiroshima. The explosion immediately killed an estimated 80,000 people; tens of thousands more would later die of radiation exposure. Three days later, a second B-29 dropped another A-bomb on Nagasaki, killing an estimated 40,000 people. Japan's Emperor Hirohito announced his country's unconditional surrender in World War II in a radio address on August 15, citing the devastating power of "a new and most cruel bomb."

The Manhattan Project

Even before the outbreak of war in 1939, a group of American scientists-many of them refugees from fascist regimes in Europe-became concerned with nuclear weapons research being conducted in Nazi Germany. In 1940, the U.S. government began funding its own atomic weapons development program, which came under the joint responsibility of the Office of Scientific Research and Development and the War Department after the U.S. entry into World War II. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers was tasked with spearheading the construction of the vast facilities necessary for the top-secret program, codenamed "The Manhattan Project " (for the engineering corps' Manhattan district).

Over the next several years, the program's scientists worked on producing the key materials for nuclear fission-uranium-235 and plutonium (Pu-239). They sent them to Los Alamos, New Mexico, where a team led by J. Robert Oppenheimer worked to turn these materials into a workable atomic bomb. Early on the morning of July 16, 1945, the Manhattan Project held its first successful test of an atomic device -a plutonium bomb-at the Trinity test site at Alamogordo, New Mexico.

No Surrender for the Japanese

By the time of the Trinity test, the Allied powers had already defeated Germany in Europe. Japan, however, vowed to fight to the bitter end in the Pacific, despite clear indications (as early as 1944) that they had little chance of winning. In fact, between mid-April 1945 (when President Harry Truman took office) and mid-July, Japanese forces inflicted Allied casualties totaling nearly half those suffered in three full years of war in the Pacific, proving that Japan had become even more deadly when faced with defeat. In late July, Japan's militarist government rejected the Allied demand for surrender put forth in the Potsdam Declaration, which threatened the Japanese with "prompt and utter destruction" if they refused.

General Douglas MacArthur and other top military commanders favored continuing the conventional bombing of Japan already in effect and following up with a massive invasion, codenamed "Operation Downfall." They advised Truman that such an invasion would result in U.S. casualties of up to 1 million. In order to avoid such a high casualty rate, Truman decided-over the moral reservations of Secretary of War Henry Stimson, General Dwight Eisenhower and a number of the Manhattan Project scientists-to use the atomic bomb in the hopes of bringing the war to a quick end. Proponents of the A-bomb-such as James Byrnes, Truman's secretary of state-believed that its devastating power would not only end the war, but also put the U.S. in a dominant position to determine the course of the postwar world.

'Little Boy' and 'Fat Man' Are Dropped

Hiroshima, a manufacturing center of some 350,000 people located about 500 miles from Tokyo, was selected as the first target. After arriving at the U.S. base on the Pacific island of Tinian, the more than 9,000-pound uranium-235 bomb was loaded aboard a modified B-29 bomber christened Enola Gay (after the mother of its pilot, Colonel Paul Tibbets). The plane dropped the bomb-known as "Little Boy"-by parachute at 8:15 in the morning, and it exploded 2,000 feet above Hiroshima in a blast equal to 12-15,000 tons of TNT, destroying five square miles of the city.

Hiroshima's devastation failed to elicit immediate Japanese surrender, however, and on August 9 Major Charles Sweeney flew another B-29 bomber, Bockscar, from Tinian. Thick clouds over the primary target, the city of Kokura, drove Sweeney to a secondary target, Nagasaki, where the plutonium bomb "Fat Man" was dropped at 11:02 that morning. More powerful than the one used at Hiroshima, the bomb weighed nearly 10,000 pounds and was built to produce a 22-kiloton blast. The topography of Nagasaki, which was nestled in narrow valleys between mountains, reduced the bomb's effect, limiting the destruction to 2.6 square miles.

Aftermath of the Bombing

At noon on August 15, 1945 (Japanese time), Emperor Hirohito announced his country's surrender in a radio broadcast. The news spread quickly, and "Victory in Japan" or "V-J Day" celebrations broke out across the United States and other Allied nations. The formal surrender agreement was signed on September 2, aboard the U.S. battleship Missouri, anchored in Tokyo Bay.

Because of the extent of the devastation and chaos-including the fact that much of the two cities' infrastructure was wiped out-exact death tolls from the bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki remain unknown. However, it's estimated roughly 70,000 to 135,000 people died in Hiroshima and 60,000 to 80,000 people died in Nagasaki, both from acute exposure to the blasts and from long-term side effects of radiation.

Fact Check

We strive for accuracy and fairness. But if you see something that doesn't look right, click here to contact us! HISTORY reviews and updates its content regularly to ensure it is complete and accurate.

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Bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki - Causes, Impact & Lives Lost

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On August 6, 1945, during World War II (1939-45), an American B-29 bomber dropped the world's first deployed atomic bomb over the Japanese city of Hiroshima, immediately killing 80,000 people. Three days later, a second bomb was dropped on Nagasaki, killing an estimated 40,000 people.

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Day 4: The Horrors of the USS Indianapolis

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Day 4: The Horrors of the USS Indianapolis

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THIS STORY IS TOLD BY SURVIVORS OF SHARK ATTACKS AFTER THEIR SHIP SANK FROM A TORPEDO STRIKE DURING WWII. PORTIONS OF THE VIDEO ARE DISTURBING AND SHOULD BE PRE-SCREENED BEFORE VIEWING BY CHILDREN.
It was shortly after midnight-on the 30th of July, 1945-when disaster struck.

After delivering Hiroshima-bomb components to USS Tinian Island, the Indianapolis and her crew of 1,196 sailors were sailing west, toward Leyte (in the Philippines).

Suddenly, an explosion rocked the ship. She'd been struck by a torpedo from Japanese submarine .

The Indianapolis capsized and sank in twelve minutes.

Spending days in the water, without life rafts, the men were terrorized by sharks. With no rescue in sight, two-thirds of the original survivors died from various causes.

This clip - from a documentary entitled "Ocean of Fear" which relies on survivor stories and official interviews to recreate what happened after Indianapolis sank - allows us to hear from some of the crew.

The U.S. Navy provides a brief factual narrative regarding the ship and her sinking:

The USS Indianapolis (CA-35) was commissioned at the Philadelphia Navy Yard on 15 November 1932. The ship served with honor from Pearl Harbor through the last campaign of World War II, sinking in action two weeks before the end of the war.

On 30 July 1945, while sailing from Guam to Leyte, Indianapolis was torpedoed by Japanese submarine I-58 [in the Philippine Sea]. The ship capsized and sank in twelve minutes.

Survivors were spotted by a patrol aircraft on 2 August. All air and surface units capable of rescue operations were dispatched to the scene at once, and the surrounding waters were thoroughly searched for survivors.

Upon completion of the day and night search on 8 August, 316 men were rescued out of the crew of 1,199.

Survivors tell us that approximately 900 men survived the ship's explosion and sinking. Those who died, thereafter, were overcome by exhaustion, exposure, injuries sustained in the explosion, lack of safe drinking water (instead of salt water) and shark attacks.

NOTE: There is a very significant postcript to this story.

For many decades, the surviving Indianapolis crewmen tried to get the U.S. Navy to exonerate their skipper, Captain Charles Butler McVay, III who was:

Not warned about lurking enemy subs;

Was misled into thinking his route was safe;

Heard the favorable testimony of the Japanese commander who sank the Indy;

Was found guilty of one charge of negligence (despite all evidence to the contrary); and

Committed suicide in 1968.

Despite the crew's efforts, nothing happened to exonerate the Captain ... until ... a 12-year-old school boy, working on a middle-school history project, decided to do something about it (in 1998).

The US Congress finally cleared McVay's name in 2000 (as a direct result of Hunter Scott's efforts). The Japanese commander - who'd testified in McVay's court martial that he could have sunk the Indy no matter what its skipper tried to do - sent a letter to Congress reiterating his earlier testimony. Among his words were these:

I do not understand why Captain McVay was court-martialed. I do not understand why he was convicted on the charge of hazarding his ship by failing to zigzag because I would have been able to launch a successful torpedo attack against his ship whether it had been zigzagging or not.

This U.S. Navy photo depicts the Captain during his post-sinking ordeal.

The true story of the Indianapolis inspired the fictional story Jaws.

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THIS STORY IS TOLD BY SURVIVORS OF SHARK ATTACKS AFTER THEIR SHIP SANK FROM A TORPEDO STRIKE DURING WWII. PORTIONS OF THE VIDEO ARE DISTURBING AND SHOULD BE PRE-SCREENED BEFORE VIEWING BY CHILDREN. It was shortly after midnight-on the 30th of July, 1945-when disaster struck.

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Day 4: The Worst Shark Attack in History

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Day 4: The Worst Shark Attack in History

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The USS Indianapolis had delivered the crucial components of first operational atomic bomb to a naval base on the Pacific island of Tinian. On August 6, 1945, the weapon would level Hiroshima. But now, on July 28, the Indianapolis sailed from Guam, without an escort, to meet the battleship USS Idaho in the Leyte Gulf in the Philippines and prepare for an invasion of Japan.

The next day was quiet, with the Indianapolis making about 17 knots through swells of five or six feet in the seemingly endless Pacific. As the sun set over the ship, the sailors played cards and read books; some spoke with the ship's priest, Father Thomas Conway.

But shortly after midnight, a Japanese torpedo hit the Indianapolis in the starboard bow, blowing almost 65 feet of the ship's bow out of the water and igniting a tank containing 3,500 gallons of aviation fuel into a pillar of fire shooting several hundred feet into the sky. Then another torpedo from the same submarine hit closer to midship, hitting fuel tanks and powder magazines and setting off a chain reaction of explosions that effectively ripped the Indianapolis in two. Still traveling at 17 knots, the Indianapolis began taking on massive amounts of water; the ship sank in just 12 minutes. Of the 1,196 men aboard, 900 made it into the water alive. Their ordeal-what is considered the worst shark attack in history-was just beginning.

As the sun rose on July 30, the survivors bobbed in the water. Life rafts were scarce. The living searched for the dead floating in the water and appropriated their lifejackets for survivors who had none. Hoping to keep some semblance of order, survivors began forming groups- some small, some over 300 -in the open water. Soon enough they would be staving off exposure, thirst-and sharks.

The animals were drawn by the sound of the explosions, the sinking of the ship and the thrashing and blood in the water. Though many species of shark live in the open water, none is considered as aggressive as the oceanic whitetip. Reports from the Indianapolis survivors indicate that the sharks tended to attack live victims close to the surface, leading historians to believe that most of the shark-related causalities came from oceanic whitetips.

The first night, the sharks focused on the floating dead. But the survivors' struggles in the water only attracted more and more sharks, which could feel their motions through a biological feature known as a lateral line: receptors along their bodies that pick up changes in pressure and movement from hundreds of yards away. As the sharks turned their attentions toward the living, especially the injured and the bleeding, sailors tried to quarantine themselves away from anyone with an open wound, and when someone died, they would push the body away, hoping to sacrifice the corpse in return for a reprieve from a shark's jaw. Many survivors were paralyzed with fear, unable even to eat or drink from the meager rations they had salvaged from their ship. One group of survivors made the mistake of opening a can of Spam-but before they could taste it, the scent of the meat drew a swarm of sharks around them. They got rid of their meat rations rather than risk a second swarming.

The sharks fed for days, with no sign of rescue for the men. Navy intelligence had intercepted a message from the Japanese submarine that had torpedoed the Indianapolis describing how it had sunk an American battleship along the Indianapolis' route, but the message was disregarded as a trick to lure American rescue boats into an ambush. In the meantime, the Indianapolis survivors learned that they had the best odds in a group, and ideally in the center of the group. The men on the margins or, worse, alone, were the most susceptible to the sharks.

As the days passed, many survivors succumbed to heat and thirst, or suffered hallucinations that compelled them to drink the seawater around them-a sentence of death by salt poisoning. Those who so slaked their thirst would slip into madness, foaming at the mouth as their tongues and lips swelled. They often became as great a threat to the survivors as the sharks circling below-many dragged their comrades underwater with them as they died.

After 11:00 a.m. on their fourth day in the water, a Navy plane flying overhead spotted the Indianapolis survivors and radioed for help. Within hours, another seaplane, manned by Lieutenant Adrian Marks, returned to the scene and dropped rafts and survival supplies. When Marks saw men being attacked by sharks, he disobeyed orders and landed in the infested waters, and then began taxiing his plane to help the wounded and stragglers, who were at the greatest risk. A little after midnight, the USS Doyle arrived on the scene and helped to pull the last survivors from the water. Of the Indianapolis' original 1,196-man crew, only 317 remained. Estimates of the number who died from shark attacks range from a few dozen to almost 150. It's impossible to be sure. But either way, the ordeal of the Indianapolis survivors remains the worst maritime disaster in U.S. naval history.

Sources: Richard Bedser. Ocean of Fear: Worst Shark Attack Ever . Discovery Channel: United States, 2007; Cathleen Bester. " Oceanic Whitetip Shark," On the Florida Museum of Natural History. Accessed August 7, 2013; Nick Collins. " Oceanic whitetip shark: ten facts," On Telegraph UK, December 6, 2010. Accessed August 6, 2013; Tom Harris. " How Sharks Work," On How Stuff Works, March 30, 2001. Accessed August 6, 2013; Alex Last. " USS Indianapolis sinking: 'You could see sharks circling'" on BBC News Magazine, July 28, 2013. Accessed August 6, 2013; Raymond B. Leach. The Tragic Fate of the USS Indianapolis. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 2000; Marc Nobleman. The Sinking of the USS Indianapolis. North Mankato, MN: Capstone Publishers, 2006; " Oral History -The Sinking of USS Indianapolis," On Naval Historical Center, September 1, 1999. Accessed August 7, 2013; " The Sinking of the USS Indianapolis, 1945." On Eyewitness to History, 2006. Accessed August 6, 2013; Doug Stanton. In Harm's Way: The Sinking of the USS Indianapolis and the Extraordinary Story of Its Survivors. New York, NY: Macmillan, 2003; " The Story." On the USS Indianapolis CA-35, March 1998. Accessed August 6, 2013; Jennifer Viegas. " Worst Shark Attack," On Discovery Channel. Accessed August 6, 2013.

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About Natasha Geiling

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The USS Indianapolis had delivered the crucial components of first operational atomic bomb to a naval base on the Pacific island of Tinian. On August 6, 1945, the weapon would level Hiroshima. But now, on July 28, the Indianapolis sailed from Guam, without an escort, to meet the battleship USS Idaho in the Leyte Gulf in the Philippines and prepare for an invasion of Japan.

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Day 4: The Second World War Remembered: Google Cultural Institute

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Day 4: The Second World War Remembered: Google Cultural Institute

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Second World War - Google Arts & Culture

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http://historylists.org/events/list-of-10-greatest-battles-of-the-pacific-war.html

http://www.historyplace.com/unitedstates/pacificwar/timeline.htm

http://combinedfleet.com/battles/

http://www.wwiiarchives.net/servlet/action/search;jsessionid=E767A5FB39A655D98BFFC83ECDE4C4C3

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Victory in the Pacific | Article

In December 1941 Japan attacked the United States at Pearl Harbor, Hawai'i, causing the U.S. to enter World War II. Over two years would pass until the Allies reached their great turning point in the Pacific War: the defeat of the Japanese at Guadalcanal in February 1943. The Japanese were placed on the defensive as the U.S. began taking strategic bases across the central and southwest Pacific. By the summer of 1944, the Americans were nearing Japan. The final year of the war would bring bloodshed and hardship to the U.S. soldiers, sailors and Marines who liberated territory closer and closer to Japan's home island, and take a tremendous toll on Japanese soldiers and civilians as well.

U.S. Marines dig in on the beach at Saipan. Defense Dept. photo (Marine Corps.) June 1944. Library of Congress.

June-July 1944: Saipan
On June 15, 1944, American forces invaded the island of Saipan, part of the Mariana Islands in the Central Pacific. Securing Saipan was of critical importance to the U.S.; its airfields would put the Army Air Force's new B-29 bombers within striking distance of the main Japanese islands. For the Japanese, keeping Saipan was crucial in stopping the American advance.

In what became known as the Battle of the Philippine Sea, American and Japanese carriers fought a two-day sea and air battle off the coast of Saipan. It would go down as one of the biggest carrier battles of World War II. Japan lost three aircraft carriers and more than 300 planes. On Saipan, the Marines and army faced an enemy well dug-in and prepared to fight to the death. Of the 30,000 Japanese troops who defended Saipan, less than 1,000 remained alive when the battle ended July 9.

However, it was the civilian casualties that stunned American troops. As the battle came to an end, large numbers of civilians committed suicide, terrified of being captured by American forces. Japanese government officials exploited the suicides at Saipan to their advantage, calling those who took their lives heroes and encouraging the entire Japanese population to follow suit if the time came. Death before surrender had been the national policy for Japan's servicemen; now it became the national policy for civilians as well.

October-December 1944: Leyte
In October 1944, General Douglas MacArthur and his Sixth Army returned to the Phillipines by way of the island of Leyte. More than two and a half years had passed since MacArthur had reluctantly abandoned his troops in the Philippines, retreating to Australia, where he had vowed, "I shall return." After he waded ashore MacArthur delivered his famous "I have returned" speech. Offshore the U.S. Navy and the Imperial Navy waged the largest naval battle in the history of warfare. The Battle of Leyte Gulf destroyed the Japanese Navy as an effective fighting force. It was during this battle that U.S. sailors first witnessed the kamikaze attacks that would become commonplace five months later in the battle of Okinawa. As many as sixty-five thousand Japanese soldiers died defending Leyte. More than 15,000 Americans were killed or wounded.

January-March 1945: Philippines Campaign
In early January 1945, the biggest army the U.S. would commit to one battle in the Pacific invaded the main Filippino island of Luzon, defended by 287,000 Japanese. According to historian Donald Miller, this was "the largest army the Americans faced in the Pacific." When organized battle ended after two months, Manila was one of the most thoroughly devastated cities of World War II. The Japanese Navy had blown up Manila's harbor and destroyed the old city. MacArthur's Sixth Army suffered 38,000 individuals killed or wounded. Despite defeat, stalwart Japanese would continue to fight in the jungles and mountains of the Philippines until the very end of the war. Japan lost a total of 400,000 lives in the Philippines.

February-March 1945: Iwo Jima
On February 19, 1945, American forces invaded the tiny island of Iwo Jima to secure airstrips for American B-29 flyers. They encountered 21,000 well-entrenched Japanese defenders. It would take the Marines over a month of fighting over an inhospitable terrain to dig out and overtake the Japanese. When the battle ended on March 26, 1945, as many as 7,000 Americans were dead and 24,000 wounded. Almost 6,000 of those killed were U.S. Marines. Only 1,038 of the 21,000 Japanese defenders were captured alive. To the B-29 crewmen who would subsequently use Iwo Jima as a safe haven during their 3,000-mile bombing runs to Japan, gratitude to the Marines would be immeasurable.

April-June 1945: Okinawa
By April 1945, the war in Europe had ended with Allied victory, but the Pacific theater was yet to see its deadliest days. The final land battle of World War II took place a mere 350 miles from the main islands of Japan. The U.S. planned that Okinawa, once captured, would serve as a staging area for an invasion of the main islands.

Okinawa saw 82 days of brutal warfare in horrific conditions at places like Kakazu Ridge, Sugar Loaf Hill and Kunishi Ridge. U.S. Marines and Army troops fought a bloody battle of attrition against an enemy concealed in intricate underground defense systems. When the island was finally secured, more than 12,000 U.S. soldiers and Navy personnel were dead or missing and more than 36,000 were wounded. Seventy thousand soldiers of the Japanese 32nd Army died on Okinawa, joined by as many as 100,000 to 150,000 civilians trapped in the crossfire.

The War's Final Weeks
The bloodbath at Okinawa was a major factor in President Harry Truman's decision-making about an invasion of the Japanese home islands. Would the Japanese never capitulate? How many more Americans would die before the war could end? The events of summer 1945 - including the use of two atomic bombs on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki -- brought the war to a close before another land battle could take place.

The Japanese surrender on August 14 spared the American soldiers who survived Okinawa - and hundreds of thousands of others - from having to invade Japan and face high odds of becoming casualties. It also spared untold numbers of Japanese soldiers and civilians.

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Major Pacific Battles | American Experience | PBS

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In December 1941, Japan attacked the United States at Pearl Harbor, Hawai'i, causing the U.S. to enter World War II.

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Day 4 HW: The End of WWII & The Start of the Cold War Games

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Day 4 HW: The End of WWII & The Start of the Cold War Games

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End Of WWII And Start Of Cold War Game (ID: 25705)

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Play arcade style review games like Crazy Taxi, Pacman and Soccer merged with trivia questions about End Of WWII And The Start Of The Cold War to review and study for tests. Fun school game number 25705

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Play arcade style review games like Crazy Taxi, Pacman and Soccer merged with trivia questions about WWII Basics to review and study for tests. Fun school game number 25087

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http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/timeline/bulge/

http://www.history.com/topics/world-war-ii

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1. What was a "Mulberry Harbour"?

2. Explain how the system worked with a diagram.

http://www.britannica.com/topic/Mulberry-artificial-harbours-World-War-II
http://www.concretebarge.co.uk/02-canveybarge/4-mulberry/mulberry02.htm

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Greatest Military Engineering Feats of All Time

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Invasion Of France , Heavy Weather & Concrete Barges

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Artificial Harbors In Normandy Mulberry harbour June 1944

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A Mulberry harbour was a portable temporary harbour developed by the British in World War II to facilitate rapid offloading of cargo onto the beaches during the Allied invasion of Normandy. Two prefabricated or artificial military harbours were taken in sections across the English Channel from Britain with the invading army and assembled off the coast of Normandy as part of the D-Day invasion of France in 1944.

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Operation Bodyguard: No D-Day Without Magic

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Operation Bodyguard: No D-Day Without Magic

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1. What was Operation Bodyguard?

2. Who was Jasper Maskelyne?

3. What was the Magic Gang?

4. How did they fool the Germans about D-Day?

5. What feats did they pull off?

6. Where were they used?

http://www.history.com/news/fooling-hitler-the-elaborate-ruse-behind-d-day

http://www.cracked.com/article_19170_6-insane-stories-magician-who-helped-win-wwii.html

http://gadabyte.com/ww-ii/bodyguard.html

http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/library/report/1997/Wendell.htm

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Operation Bodyguard - the D-Day Deception Part 1 of 5

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Operation Overlord, the 1944 Allied invasion of Western Europe, culminated from five years of armed struggle against the Axis juggernaut. But the odds seemed stacked against a successful storming of Hitler's awesome beach defenses. To insure victory, the Allies convinced Hitler that the invasion would take place at Pas de Calais.

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Day 3 - Discussion - Part 2: The Holocaust & Liberation

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Day 3 - Discussion - Part 2: The Holocaust & Liberation

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The Holocaust was the systematic, state-sponsored persecution and murder of six million Jews by the Nazi regime and its allies and collaborators. The US Holocaust Memorial Museum teaches millions of people each year about the dangers of unchecked hatred and the need to prevent genocide. Learn more about the Holocaust, antisemitism, and genocide below.

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Learn About the Holocaust, Antisemitism, and Genocide

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The Holocaust was the systematic, state-sponsored persecution and murder of six million Jews by the Nazi regime and its allies and collaborators. The US Holocaust Memorial Museum teaches millions of people each year about the dangers of unchecked hatred and the need to prevent genocide. Learn more about the Holocaust, antisemitism, and genocide below.

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Go here for instructions: http://ow.ly/10lDI1

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Find local businesses, view maps and get driving directions in Google Maps.

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Go to Edmodo and take today's quiz: WWII Quiz #2

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Edmodo is an easy way to get your students connected so they can safely collaborate, get and stay organized, and access assignments, grades, and school messages.

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Day 1: Exit Pass: Discussion Board: Dr. Seuss

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Day 1: Exit Pass: Discussion Board: Dr. Seuss

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Copy this diagram into your Warm-Up section.

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Objectives: Be able to answer the following questions:

1. Explain the differences in American thinking before and after Pearl Harbor.

2. Why did President Roosevelt call Pearl Harbor "A Day Which Will Live in Infamy"?

3. Why did so many Americans not care about the increase in government control?

4. Who was "Rosie the Riveter"?

5. How was America different in terms of manufacturing?

6. How did wartime manufacturing help break down racial barriers?

7. Did the war help set up the Civil Rights movement?

8. How did the government use propaganda to help gear up for war?

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The U.S. Home Front During World War II Exclusive Videos & Features - HISTORY.com

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Check out exclusive The U.S. Home Front During World War II videos and features. Browse the latest The U.S. Home Front During World War II videos and more on HISTORY.com.

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DO NOW!!! HW [4/6-4/7]: The Homefront: Discussion Board

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DO NOW!!! HW [4/6-4/7]: The Homefront: Discussion Board

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Please go to the attached link and follow the directions to answer the posted questions:

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4/6 - 4/7: Pearl Harbor and Influential Battles of WWII

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4/6 - 4/7: Pearl Harbor and Influential Battles of WWII

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Go to the attached link to take today's quiz.

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Edmodo is an easy way to get your students connected so they can safely collaborate, get and stay organized, and access assignments, grades, and school messages.

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Since you have now had 2 days to view the pre-watch video on what the homefront was like during of WWII, go to the link to take the quiz on the video content.

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Edmodo is an easy way to get your students connected so they can safely collaborate, get and stay organized, and access assignments, grades, and school messages.

# data[].attributes.headline
Day 3 - Discussion: Revisiting the Importance of the D-Day Invasion

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Day 3 - Discussion: Revisiting the Importance of the D-Day Invasion

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1. What was D-Day?

2. What was the codename for D-Day?

3. Where were the beaches where the invasion happened, what were the beach codenames, and who landed where?

4. What was the Allied Plan for D-Day?

5. How did the U.S. engineers overcome the obstacles of a dock in Normandy?

6. What was it actually like on the beaches of Normandy?

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During World War II (1939-1945), the Battle of Normandy, which lasted from June 1944 to August 1944, resulted in the Allied liberation of Western Europe from Nazi Germany's control. Codenamed Operation Overlord, the battle began on June 6, 1944, also known as D-Day, when some 156,000 American, British and Canadian forces landed on five beaches along a 50-mile stretch of the heavily fortified coast of France's Normandy region. The invasion was one of the largest amphibious military assaults in history and required extensive planning. Prior to D-Day, the Allies conducted a large-scale deception campaign designed to mislead the Germans about the intended invasion target. By late August 1944, all of northern France had been liberated, and by the following spring the Allies had defeated the Germans. The Normandy landings have been called the beginning of the end of war in Europe.
READ MORE: D-Day Facts About the Epic Invasion
Preparing for D-Day

After World War II began, Germany invaded and occupied northwestern France beginning in May 1940. The Americans entered the war in December 1941, and by 1942 they and the British (who had been evacuated from the beaches of Dunkirk in May 1940 after being cut off by the Germans in the Battle of France) were considering the possibility of a major Allied invasion across the English Channel. The following year, Allied plans for a cross-Channel invasion began to ramp up. In November 1943, Adolf Hitler (1889-1945), who was aware of the threat of an invasion along France's northern coast, put Erwin Rommel (1891-1944) in charge of spearheading defense operations in the region, even though the Germans did not know exactly where the Allies would strike. Hitler charged Rommel with finishing the Atlantic Wall, a 2,400-mile fortification of bunkers, landmines and beach and water obstacles.

In January 1944, General Dwight Eisenhower (1890-1969) was appointed commander of Operation Overlord. In the months and weeks before D-Day, the Allies carried out a massive deception operation intended to make the Germans think the main invasion target was Pas-de-Calais (the narrowest point between Britain and France) rather than Normandy. In addition, they led the Germans to believe that Norway and other locations were also potential invasion targets. Many tactics were used to carry out the deception, including fake equipment; a phantom army commanded by George Patton and supposedly based in England, across from Pas-de-Calais; double agents; and fraudulent radio transmissions.

A Weather Delay: June 5, 1944

Eisenhower selected June 5, 1944, as the date for the invasion; however, bad weather on the days leading up to the operation caused it to be delayed for 24 hours. On the morning of June 5, after his meteorologist predicted improved conditions for the following day, Eisenhower gave the go-ahead for Operation Overlord. He told the troops: "You are about to embark upon the Great Crusade, toward which we have striven these many months. The eyes of the world are upon you."

Later that day, more than 5,000 ships and landing craft carrying troops and supplies left England for the trip across the Channel to France, while more than 11,000 aircraft were mobilized to provide air cover and support for the invasion.

D-Day Landings: June 6, 1944

By dawn on June 6, thousands of paratroopers and glider troops were already on the ground behind enemy lines, securing bridges and exit roads. The amphibious invasions began at 6:30 a.m. The British and Canadians overcame light opposition to capture beaches codenamed Gold, Juno and Sword, as did the Americans at Utah Beach. U.S. forces faced heavy resistance at Omaha Beach, where there were over 2,000 American casualties. However, by day's end, approximately 156,000 Allied troops had successfully stormed Normandy's beaches. According to some estimates, more than 4,000 Allied troops lost their lives in the D-Day invasion, with thousands more wounded or missing.

Less than a week later, on June 11, the beaches were fully secured and over 326,000 troops, more than 50,000 vehicles and some 100,000 tons of equipment had landed at Normandy.

For their part, the Germans suffered from confusion in the ranks and the absence of celebrated commander Rommel, who was away on leave. At first, Hitler, believing the invasion was a feint designed to distract the Germans from a coming attack north of the Seine River, refused to release nearby divisions to join the counterattack. Reinforcements had to be called from further afield, causing delays. He also hesitated in calling for armored divisions to help in the defense. Moreover, the Germans were hampered by effective Allied air support, which took out many key bridges and forced the Germans to take long detours, as well as efficient Allied naval support, which helped protect advancing Allied troops.

In the ensuing weeks, the Allies fought their way across the Normandy countryside in the face of determined German resistance, as well as a dense landscape of marshes and hedgerows. By the end of June, the Allies had seized the vital port of Cherbourg, landed approximately 850,000 men and 150,000 vehicles in Normandy, and were poised to continue their march across France.

Victory in Normandy

By the end of August 1944, the Allies had reached the Seine River, Paris was liberated and the Germans had been removed from northwestern France, effectively concluding the Battle of Normandy. The Allied forces then prepared to enter Germany, where they would meet up with Soviet troops moving in from the east.

The Normandy invasion began to turn the tide against the Nazis. A significant psychological blow, it also prevented Hitler from sending troops from France to build up his Eastern Front against the advancing Soviets. The following spring, on May 8, 1945, the Allies formally accepted the unconditional surrender of Nazi Germany. Hitler had committed suicide a week earlier, on April 30.

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Codenamed Operation Overlord, the invasion began on June 6, 1944, also known as D-Day, when some 156,000 American, British and Canadian forces landed on five beaches along the heavily fortified coast of France's Normandy region during World War II.

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Day 1 - The Changes to the Homefront in WWII

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Day 1 - The Changes to the Homefront in WWII

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Copy the attached diagram into your Warm-Up section of your notebook and make sure to copy down all of the extra information giving during the Discussion.

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Pre-Watch: Crash Course History: WWII - The Homefront

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Pre-Watch: Crash Course History: WWII - The Homefront

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World War II Part 2 - The Homefront: Crash Course US History #36