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In this chapter, the authors reference a British critic in 1820 who said, “In the four quarters of the globe who reads an American book, or goes to an American play, or looks at an American picture or statue?” Yet, they also trace the development of uniquely American forms of art, architecture, and literature in the nineteenth century. As you read this chapter, can you explain the continuities and changes in American art, architecture, and literature from 1790 to 1860?

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In this chapter, the authors reference a British critic in 1820 who said, “In the four quarters of the globe who reads an American book, or goes to an American play, or looks at an American picture or statue?” Yet, they also trace the development of uniquely American forms of art, architecture, and literature in the nineteenth century. As you read this chapter, can you explain the continuities and changes in American art, architecture, and literature from 1790 to 1860?

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After the end of a series of wars and the new movement westward, the revolution across America created a demand for patriotic themes across artwork. Unity was also represented as Americans took this time rebuilt trust as a community and improve morale.

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After you have read “Contending Voices: The Role of Women”, can you analyze both excerpts’ intended audience, purpose, and point of view?

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After you have read “Contending Voices: The Role of Women”, can you analyze both excerpts’ intended audience, purpose, and point of view?

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The first excerpt maintained the point of view that women should know their role in society. The author expresses they feel the women's right's movement was unconstitutional as a women belongs at home taking care of the family. The second excerpt expresses the opposite idea as they argue that women should not step down for the rights they are fighting for and that they play a monumental role in society.

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How does the Second Great Awakening of the nineteenth century compared to the Great Awakening of the eighteenth century? As you read this chapter and review the information about the Great Awakening in Chapter 5, how many relevant similarities and differences between these two events can you generate?

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How does the Second Great Awakening of the nineteenth century compared to the Great Awakening of the eighteenth century? As you read this chapter and review the information about the Great Awakening in Chapter 5, how many relevant similarities and differences between these two events can you generate?

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The Great Awakening was one based maileay on religious viewpoints as Americans struggled to form one national identity. The Second Great Awakening, while it included religion, also focused on men's and women's rights, prison reform, and the abolition of slavery. This awakening served the same purpose as the first; to diversify Americans while maintaining a united bond.

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Why did America produce so many reform and utopian movements? What did they contribute to American culture?

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Why did America produce so many reform and utopian movements? What did they contribute to American culture?

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The mass amounts of reforms and Utopian movements stemmed from the freedom that government gives Americans. This freedom along with advocacy for both men's and women's rights and abolition created a desire for growth and progress.These changes enhanced the diversity of the country and promoted a general feeling of happiness.

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Was the “new family” a progressive reflection of American democratic ideals, or a restriction on them?

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Was the “new family” a progressive reflection of American democratic ideals, or a restriction on them?

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The new family was an idea that families across America were smaller, child-focused, and aimed to shape a child's wills rather than break them. While this supported to future of children, it restricted the democratic freedoms of women as they were discouraged from choosing any other occupation or pursuing other goals.

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Were the “cult of domesticity” and the rise of the child-centered family signs of an improvement or a restriction in women’s status and condition? 

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Were the “cult of domesticity” and the rise of the child-centered family signs of an improvement or a restriction in women’s status and condition? 

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The cult of domesticity became a restriction on women's role and status in the community. Once women were given the title of the one expected to nurture and care for their child-centered family they were denied opportunities elsewhere. There needs to be someone to fill that role in a child's life and once it becomes 'common knowledge" that that is their role, acceptance of a desire to take other roles plummets.

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As you read this chapter, can you combine the information from the primary source excerpts, tables, figures, maps, and text to create a persuasive understanding of westward migration and demographic changes in the United States from 1790 to 1860?

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As you read this chapter, can you combine the information from the primary source excerpts, tables, figures, maps, and text to create a persuasive understanding of westward migration and demographic changes in the United States from 1790 to 1860?

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During the nineteenth century, the population of the United States more than tripled. The Market revolution brought about a rapid change in population demographics as those living in the west moved from less than 10% to almost 70%. The gap between the poor and rich increased drastically as many started to find their own wealth out west.

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In this chapter, the authors maintain that “clearly the early factory system did not shower its benefits evenly on all.” What relevant historical evidence can you find in this chapter or the previous ones that supports, modifies, or refutes this assertion?

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In this chapter, the authors maintain that “clearly the early factory system did not shower its benefits evenly on all.” What relevant historical evidence can you find in this chapter or the previous ones that supports, modifies, or refutes this assertion?

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While some women were able to work in factories, it certainly was not common and the conditions that they, along with other factory workers, worked in were well below average. Additionally, slaves did not receive any liberation throughout this time. The introduction of mass immigration also started a problem still fretted about today, the loss of American jobs to foreigners.

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What caused the market and transportation revolutions of the nineteenth century? As you read this chapter, how many different reasons for the development of these changes can you identify?

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What caused the market and transportation revolutions of the nineteenth century? As you read this chapter, how many different reasons for the development of these changes can you identify?

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Expansion of the United States Westward promoted a migration westward where people could claim more land. This land would in turn be used for commercial purposes and to make profits due to it being so large. This led to a need for transportation to the west which would lead to the creation of the transportation revolution and in the market revolution.

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What effects did the movement from a subsistence to a market economy have on American society, including farmers, laborers, and women? What were the advantages and disadvantages of the change?

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What effects did the movement from a subsistence to a market economy have on American society, including farmers, laborers, and women? What were the advantages and disadvantages of the change?

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Farmers: With new inventions due to the revolution, it became easier to plant and harvest crops, in turn providing an easier opportunity to make money
Laborers: More inventions leads to more factories, more factories provide more jobs
Women: Factories reduced the need for homemade goods, allowing women to spend more time with their family; new opportunity for single women to work in factories
Disadvantages: Long hours, dangerous conditions, and little pay all angered the working class as the gap between the rich and poor began to grow

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Which technological innovation was most important for early-nineteenth-century economic development?

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Which technological innovation was most important for early-nineteenth-century economic development?

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The steamboat was the most important technological invention because it allowed for quick transportation of good along a route that would avoid all physical land obstacles. The market was able to keep a much faster pace because of this and therefore could advance quicker as well

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Why was transportation—particularly the canals and railroads—so important in the early stages of industrialization?

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Why was transportation—particularly the canals and railroads—so important in the early stages of industrialization?

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Cumberland road allowed for quick and easy transportation westward as well as a way to ship supplies and transport goods while Erie Canal provided a place for large ships to port and unload supplies in New York, somewhere that would soon become a major trading center.

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How does the image of the frontier compared with the reality of pioneer life as described in the chapter?

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How does the image of the frontier compared with the reality of pioneer life as described in the chapter?

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The image of moving to the Western Frontier was one of instant wealth, opportunity, and free, open land when in reality many that migrated became diseased/ill rather quickly and premature death was not uncommon