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On April 18, 1906, an earthquake and subsequent fires devastated San Francisco, California, leaving more than 3,000 people dead and destroying more than 28,000 buildings. The quake ruptured the San Andreas fault to the north and south of the city, for a total of 296 miles, and could be felt from southern Oregon to Los Angeles and inland to central Nevada.

San Francisco Earthquake: April 18, 1906

The earthquake occurred at 5:13 a.m. local time, with its epicenter offshore of San Francisco, which then had a population of approximately 400,000 people.

Did you know? The night before the 1906 earthquake, renowned Italian tenor Enrico Caruso performed in San Francisco. The world-famous opera singer escaped the city's Palace Hotel, where he was staying at the time of the quake; however, the hotel itself was destroyed later that day by fire.

The greatest devastation resulted from the fires that quickly followed the quake. The initial tremors destroyed the city's water mains, leaving firefighters with no means of combating the growing blaze, which burned for several days and consumed much of the city. More than 3,000 people perished and more than 28,000 buildings were destroyed in the disaster. Additionally, some 250,000 of San Francisco's residents were made homeless. Damages were estimated at around $500 million (in 1906 dollars). The famous writer and San Francisco native Jack London (1876-1916) noted, "Surrender was complete."

1906 San Francisco Earthquake: Aftermath

Despite the utter devastation, San Francisco quickly recovered from the earthquake, and the destruction actually allowed planners to create a new and improved city. A classic Western boomtown, San Francisco had grown in a haphazard manner since the Gold Rush of 1849. Working from a nearly clean slate, San Franciscans were able to rebuild the city with a more logical and elegant structure. The destruction of the urban center at San Francisco also encouraged the growth of new towns around the San Francisco Bay, making room for a population boom arriving from other parts of the United States and abroad.

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On April 18, 1906, an earthquake and subsequent fires devastated San Francisco, California, leaving more than 3,000 people dead and destroying more than 28,000 buildings. The quake ruptured the San Andreas fault to the north and south of the city, for a total of 296 miles, and could be felt from southern Oregon to Los Angeles and inland to central Nevada.

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San Francisco earthquake of 1906, major earthquake with a magnitude of 7.9 that occurred on April 18, 1906, at 5:12 am off the northern California coast. The San Andreas Fault slipped along a segment about 270 miles (430 km) long, extending from San Juan Bautista in San Benito county to Humboldt county and from there perhaps out under the sea to an unknown distance. The shaking was felt from Los Angeles in the south to Coos Bay, Oregon, in the north. Damage was severe in San Francisco and in other towns situated near the fault, including San Jose, Salinas, and Santa Rosa.

San Francisco had experienced earthquakes in 1864, 1898, and 1900 but nothing like the 1906 event. Just after 5:00 am on April 18, a noise "like the roar of 10,000 lions" rose as the entire city began to tremble and shake. Cable cars abruptly stopped, City Hall crumbled, and the Palace Hotel's glass roof splintered and littered the courtyard below.

The quake was followed by a massive fire that swept from the business section near Montgomery Street and the South of Market district toward Russian Hill, Chinatown, North Beach, and Telegraph Hill. The blaze continued for four days, until its smouldering ashes were ultimately extinguished by rain. In the process, more than 500 blocks in the city centre-covering some 4 square miles (10 square km)-were leveled. The inferno destroyed some 28,000 buildings, and the total property value loss was estimated at $350 million.

Some 700 people originally were thought to have died in the disaster, but the death toll is now believed to have exceeded 3,000. Moreover, about 250,000 were left homeless; survivors camped in Golden Gate Park and dunes west of the city or fled to outlying towns. Within a short time, relief shipments of food and clothing reached the city, and several tens of millions of dollars in financial aid arrived from foreign sources, including Europe, Japan and China, and other parts of the Americas. Although insurance payments in the neighbourhood of $300 million were forthcoming, the long task of reconstruction was sustained by local courage and persistence.

Much of the city was rebuilt to be earthquake- and fire-resistant. New plans for civic development made headway as the debris of the old city vanished. In 1915 San Francisco invited the world to see the results of its efforts at the Panama-Pacific International Exposition.

Geologic field studies of this earthquake led to the detailed formation of the theory that elastic rebound of strained faults causes the shaking associated with earthquakes. See also uplift; Harry Fielding Reid.

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San Francisco earthquake of 1906 | Facts, Magnitude, & Damage

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San Francisco earthquake of 1906, major earthquake with a magnitude of 7.9 that occurred on April 18, 1906, at 5:12 am off the northern California coast. The San Andreas Fault slipped along a segment about 270 miles (430 km) long, extending from San Juan Bautista in San Benito county to Humboldt county and from there perhaps out under the sea to an unknown distance.

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Question 6: What Earth Systems were involved in this disaster? What sphere(s) were affected? -Jaden

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Question 6: What Earth Systems were involved in this disaster? What sphere(s) were affected? -Jaden

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The Earths system that was involved in the disaster was land. The movement of the split in the San Andreas fault caused the earthquake to occur and bring down many buildings and houses. This cause a lot of fatality.

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question 1: The fact surrounding the events             -William

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question 1: The fact surrounding the events             -William

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The natural disaster happened in San Francisco on April 18,1906 at 5:13 a.m. The 7.9 earthquake left more than 3,000 people died and destroyed over 28,000 buildings in the disaster. The damage was estimated at around $500 million (In 1906 dollars)

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question 2: Cause and effect         -Jaden

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question 2: Cause and effect         -Jaden

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The cause of the San Francisco earthquake was the San Andres fault because of the transform boundary. A transform boundary is when two plates slide past each other in a back and forth motion. This caused the San Andres to happen

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question 3: Data collect on events -William

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question 3: Data collect on events -William

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The San Francisco earthquake had a magnitude of 7.9 off the northern California cost about 270 miles long.  The normal earthquakes are considered around  3-5 and the San Francisco earthquake is in the major category from 7.0 to 7.9 magnitude.

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question 7: What positive outcomes resulted from the disaster -William & Jaden

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question 7: What positive outcomes resulted from the disaster -William & Jaden

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After the 1906 earthquake San Francisco was destroyed. They rebuild there city with the latest earthquake proof buildings to decrees the amount of damage done when another earthquake occurs with that amount of force.

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question 4: What were the effects -Jaden

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question 4: What were the effects -Jaden

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The San Francisco had a huge effect. Although the quake lasted less than a minute, the impact was disastrous and the city was devastated. The quake destroyed nearly 500 blocks and ignited many fires around the city. In fact, 225,000 people were left homeless after this tragic event. City officials estimated that about 3,00 people lost their lives.

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question 5: location on map                              -William

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question 5: location on map                              -William

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The great earthquake broke loose some 20 to 25 seconds later, with an epicenter in the Pacific Ocean just 2 miles west of San Francisco. Because of this, many buildings, homes, and families were destroyed.