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He discovered transformation. This is when heat-killed bacteria passed their trait to other harmless strains. He discovered this when heat-killed and harmless bacteria were mixed and a factor was transferred from the heat-killed bacteria into the live one. In his experiment, Griffith injected mice with a disease causing bacteria and the mice developed bacteria and died. He later injected mice with the harmless bacteria and they did not get sick. He wondered if the disease causing bacteria was the cause of the illness. To test this, he heated the bacteria and killed them. Then he injected the heat-killed bacteria into the mice and they survived, leading to his discovery. https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=http%3A%2F%2Fchuongtailor.com%2Fpics.php%3Fjser%3Dfrederick-griffith-pneumonia-experiment&psig=AOvVaw1-P6ff191zoJx8d9HMmD4N&ust=1582728619780000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=0CAIQjRxqFwoTCOCep9v57OcCFQAAAAAdAAAAABAS

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They discovered that DNA was the transforming factor.Avery and his colleagues made a juice from the heat-killed bacteria and treated the extract with enzymes that destroy proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and other molecules including RNA. With this, transformation still occurred. They then repeated the experiment this time using enzymes that would destroy DNA, transformation did not occur. https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fbiography%2FOswald-Avery&psig=AOvVaw228Za3Fkemx9W2On7WW35l&ust=1582728674629000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=0CAIQjRxqFwoTCJiTuPX57OcCFQAAAAAdAAAAABAD https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2011%2F10%2F26%2Fscience%2F26mccarthy.html&psig=AOvVaw2mUQr8mUpeRkG6a2T_-0BA&ust=1582728696573000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=0CAIQjRxqFwoTCPD92YD67OcCFQAAAAAdAAAAABAD https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FJohn_Macleod_(physiologist)&psig=AOvVaw0ndCJPRHs-I_LHYwRvgK4l&ust=1582728716774000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=0CAIQjRxqFwoTCMiyh4767OcCFQAAAAAdAAAAABAD

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He discovered that the percentages of guanine and cytosine bases are almost equal in any sample of DNA. Chargaff determined the percentages of guanine, cytosine, adenine, and thyme in DNA and compared them. https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.famousscientists.org%2Ferwin-chargaff%2F&psig=AOvVaw2Yzl8tHT9umHo_IELe2N3k&ust=1582728763813000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=0CAIQjRxqFwoTCICC1Kb67OcCFQAAAAAdAAAAABAD

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That the genetic material of the bacteria phase was DNA not protein. The method that they use was they grew viruses that contained radioactive isotopes of phosphorus and sulfur.

https://ib.bioninja.com.au/_Media/hershey-chase_med.jpeg

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The X-shaped pattern was the photograph that there was 2 strands. The way she discovered this by using a thing called x-ray diffraction to get information about the structure of DNA

https://www.mun.ca/biology/scarr/DNA_diffraction_pattern.gif

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They discovered that DNA was a double helix, in which 2 strands were around each other. The way they discovered is was by using a model/puzzle structure.

https://natureofscienceib.files.wordpress.com/2015/01/screen-shot-2015-11-11-at-8-50-59-am.png