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Transnational Higher Education Act: Republic Act No. 11448

An Act Expanding Access to Educational Services Through the Establishment and Administration of Transnational Higher Education, and Appropriating Funds Therefor

Under the law, "the State shall endeavor to modernize the Philippine higher education sector and bring international quality standards and expertise into the country with a view to making higher education globally competitive, attracting a flow of talented students, faculty, and staff and improving the country's human resource base.”

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There are time period assigned to your group. You need to add relevant information (specific textual evidence) about each date given in the timeline, e.g. the features of curriculum, the agencies involved, issues on education. You may also include pictures to enhance the visual component of the timeline. You'll be assessed on depth of response and use of textual evidence.
Note: boxes is not limited to 2 only. Use more boxes as needed in your timeline

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1986-1992
Education during President Corazon Aquino's Administration

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What are the features of curriculum, agencies involved and issues on education?
“Declaring the Period 1990-1999 as the Decade of Education for All"
Education became accessible but should be more on reading, writing and Mathematics. Few subjects but are taught well should be the system of education and believe in the learner but have a harder curriculum base on her speech.
The Cabinet was directed to devise a system of orchestrated resource allocation to ensure proper pooling and programming of funds in support of the Education for All programs.
Objectives:
°To improve the quality and increase the relevance of education
°To increase access of marginalized people to education
°To accelerate the development of middle and high school levels
Programs:
°Adult Education Program
°Non-formal Education
°Technical and Vocational Education
°Physical Education and Sports School
°Scjolarships and Incentives
°Free public Education
Issues:
°Affordability of education
Agencies involved:
°Department of Education
°DECS (Department of Education, Culture and Sports)
°EDCOM (Commission on Education)

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"When I ran for Presidency, I pledged to give Education the first priority it deserves in a free nation. For it is by learning that we became free;  Free from poverty and oppression imposed by ignorance, Free to all we can be as a gifted and daring people."

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The 1987 Constitution took effect during the presidential term of Corazon Aquino. Several significant provisions on education were embodied in this constitution. Public elementary education was declared to be free and compulsory. Public high school and secondary education were also to be provided for free. Moreover, it was categorically stated in Section 5(5) of Article XIV that the "State shall assign the highest budgetary priority to education and ensure that teaching will attract and retain its rightful share of the best available talents through adequate remuneration and other means of job satisfaction and fulfillment.

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The 1987 Constitution took effect during the presidential term of Corazon Aquino. Several significant provisions on education were embodied in this constitution. Public elementary education was declared to be free and compulsory. Public high school and secondary education were also to be provided for free. Moreover, it was categorically stated in Section 5(5) of Article XIV that the "State shall assign the highest budgetary priority to education and ensure that teaching will attract and retain its rightful share of the best available talents through adequate remuneration and other means of job satisfaction and fulfillment.

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(1986- 1992) Corazon Aquino’s Administration 

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(1986- 1992) Corazon Aquino’s Administration 

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Begins a new 1987 Constitution in the Philippines wherein the Educational Platform are;

·         President gives emphasis to quality education at all levels, accessible education as what is written in Section 2, 1987 Constitution.

·         Intensification of Education in particular in Science and Technology, Arts, Culture and Sports Section. And Constitution as a subject; patriotism and nationalism.

·         Sustain the use of Filipino as a medium of official communication and as a language of instruction in the educational system.
·         Establish, maintain, and support a complete, adequate and integrated system of education relevant to the needs of the people and society.

Other Programs

-Free, complete education and scholarship grants.

-Encourage non-formal, informal, and indigenous learning systems, as well as self-learning, independent, and out-of-school study programs particularly those that respect to community needs.

- Provide adult citizens, the disabled, and out-of- school youth with training in civics, vocational efficiency, and other skills.

-Establish and maintain a system of free public education in the elementary and high school levels. Without limiting the natural right of parents to rear their children, elementary education is compulsory for all children of school age.

Agencies Involved

Congressional Commission on Education (EDCOM)

CHED (former Bureau of Higher Education)

Ministry of Education, Culture, and Sports to Department of Education, Culture and Sports (DECS)

Technical Education and Skills Development Authority (TESDA).

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1986 PHILIPPINE CONSTITUTION
ARTICLE XIV
EDUCATION, SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, ARTS, CULTURE AND SPORTS

EDUCATION

Section 1. The State shall protect and promote the right of all citizens to quality education at all levels, and shall take appropriate steps to make such education accessible to all.

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Many significant provisions on education were included such as the public elementary and secondary education became free and compulsory. Moreover, the Congress enacted Republic Act 7323, which provided that students aged 15 to 25 may be employed during their Christmas vacation and summer vacation with a salary  not lower than the minimum wage – with 60% of the wage paid by the employer and 40% by the government.
Programs:
-Scholarships and student loan programs, subsidies, and other incentives
-Non-formal, informal, and indigenous learning systems
-self-learning, independent, and out-of-school study programs
-Vocational program for adult citizens, disabled, and out-of-school youth 
Issues:
-The assigned highest budgetary priority to education has not been followed.
-The 1987 Constitution was drafted as the country struggled to recover from three decades of Marcos’ economic plunder and dictatorship.
Agencies:
-Department of Education, Culture and Sports
-Commission on Higher Education
-Technical Education and Skills Development Authority

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Her Excellency, President Corazon C. Aquino signed last October 1989 Proclamation No. 480 “Declaring the Period 1990-1999 as the Decade of Education for All”.

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Her Excellency, President Corazon C. Aquino signed last October 1989 Proclamation No. 480 “Declaring the Period 1990-1999 as the Decade of Education for All”.

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With the adoption of the Education for All: Philippine Plan of Action as a priority program of the Government, the Cabinet was directed to devise a system of orchestrated resource allocation to ensure proper pooling and programming of funds in support of the Education for All programs.

In view thereof and in line with DECS mandate to pursue the implementation of project identified in Education for All: Philippine Plan of Action, all DECS regional offices, bureaus and centers are directed to:

1. base their development plans and programs for the decade on the Education for All: Philippine Plan of Action;

2. integrate the Education for All programs and projects in their respective ongoing programs and activities and realign projected savings in the 1992 budget for this purpose; and

3. include the Education for All programs and projects in their work program and budget proposals for FY 1993.

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CORAZON AQUINO
1. In 1987 by virtue of Executive Order No. 117, the Ministry of Education, Culture and Sports became the Department of Education, Culture and Sports.
2. Free Public Education in Elementary and High school.
3. RA 6728 an act providing government assistance to students and teachers in assistance to private education.
4. On February 3, 1992 RA 7323 which provided that students aged 15 to 25 may be employed during summer or Christmas vacation with a salary not lower than the minimum wage. 60% is to be paid by the employer and 40% by the government.
5. Educational Program of Physical Education and Sports School.

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1992-1998 Education during President Fidel V. Ramos' Administration 

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1992-1998 Education during President Fidel V. Ramos' Administration 

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What are the features of curriculum, agencies involved and issues on education?

"Financing the poor, talented and deserving students," that will be handled by the DOST and DECS (Department of Education, Culture and Sports)
Empowering people by making education fully accessible to all. Education must play a positive and interventionist role in correcting social and regional imbalance, empowering women, and in securing rightful place for the disadvantaged and the minorities. The Congressional Commission on Education (EDCOM) report provided the impetus for Congress to pass RA 7722 and RA 7796 in 1994 creating the Commission on Higher Education (CHED) and the Technical Education and Skills Development Authority (TESDA), respectively.
Laws that have been passed to reform education during the time of President Ramos:
•SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY SCHOLARSHIP LAW
•DUAL TRAINING SYSTEM ACT OF 1994
•AN ACT ABOLISHING THE NATIONAL COLLEGE ENTRANCE EXAMINATION (NCEE)
• THE TESDA ACT OF 1994
• CHED LAW
•AN ACT PROVIDING FOR REFORMS IN THE LEGAL EDUCATION
•THE LAW ESTABLISHING CENTER OF EXCELLENCE IN TEACHER EDUCATION
Programs:
°Early childhood care and development
°Book publishing is introduced
°Third Elementary Education Program
°Program for Basuc Education (PROBE)
°Teacher training
°Computer education and ICT program
AGENCIES INVOLVED ARE:
°DOST (Department of Science and Technology)
°DECS (Department of Education, Culture and Sports)
°DepEd (Department of Education)
°CHED (Commission on Higher Education )
°TESDA (Technical Education and Skills Development Authority)

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Speech of President Ramos on signing into law of various bills on education

"TODAY WE BREAK new ground, and aim for higher goals in the Filipino’s continuing search for means by which to win the future.

We stand at the frontier of major and far-reaching improvements in education. We leave behind the darkness of ignorance and backwardness caused by the lack of quality education. Ahead beckons a horizon of hope and opportunity for a great number of our people."

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-School calendar of elementary and secondary shall not be less than 42 weeks with a minimum of 200 class days.
-Ten-Year Master Plan for Basic Education (1996-2005): modernizing education; computer education and ICT program; teacher training
-Designation of valedictorian, salutatorian and honorable mention for top graduate.
-National Elementary Achievement Test (NEAT) for all grade 6 pupils in public and private schools
-Abolished the National College Entrance Examination (NCEE) required of all high school graduates seeking admission into a minimum four-year college program
-Commission on Higher Education (CHED) was created through Republic Act No.7722, also known as the Higher Education Act of 1994
-Philippine Teachers Professionalization Act (LET)
-Technical Educational Skills Development Authority
-Strengthen Teacher Education by establishing Centers of Excellence
-Establishment of public libraries and reading centers in every barangay, city, and municipality of the country.
Programs:
-Program for Basic Education (PROBE)
-Dual Training System Act (OJT)
-Science and Technology Scholarship Act
Agencies: 
-DepEd
-CHED
-TESDA

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SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY SCHOLARSHIP LAW: REPUBLIC ACT NO. 7687
• The grant of any scholarship award from the Fund shall be appliedonly in the field of science, mathematics, engineering, and suchother areas in the undergraduate or postgraduate courses as maybe provided for in the rules and regulations to be promulgated bythe DOST and the Department of Education, Culture and Sports(DECS): Provided, however, That the scholarship grant for thepostgraduate level shall not be limited to those scholars orrecipients who are graduates of the undergraduate scholarshipprogram.

THE TESDA ACT OF 1994: REPUBLIC ACT NO. 7796
• The Technical Education and Skills Development Authority (TESDA)shall formulate a comprehensive development plan for middle-level manpower based on a national employment plan or policiesfor the optimum allocation, development and utilization of skilledworkers for employment, entrepreneurship and technologydevelopment for economic and social growth, to be known as theNational Technical Education and Skills Development Plan.

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(1992- 1998) Fidel V. Ramos’ Administration 

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(1992- 1998) Fidel V. Ramos’ Administration 

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Ensuring full and unimpeded access by all to both primary and secondary schools is the most effective way of empowering ordinary people.

Education reform must also develop a curriculum strong in science, mathematics, and languages. It must include the enhancement of the conditions of teachers—in both their livelihood and their work.

Vocational education and technical training should keep to their basic purpose, which is to prepare young people for worthwhile jobs, and to teach new technologies that our economy needs.

Programs

Establishes a science and technology scholarship program which will finance annually the education of some 3,500 poor, talented and deserving students who will form the pool of the country’s science and technology manpower.

Schools, Colleges,  Universities and Manpower training centers must therefore refocus their programs to reflect this higher priority.

Dual training law which institutionalizes a novel concept of education and training through a combination of in-school and in-plant process.

Abolition of the National Collegiate Entrance Examination enhances enrollment by our high-school graduates in short-term, nondegree technical-vocational courses.

Establishing centers of excellence in teacher education; Lengthening the school calendar

A national system of excellence for teacher education established under Republic Act 7784 should strengthen preservice education of teachers nationwide.

Issue

Tuition in private schools of higher education is higher than that of public schools although private tuition rates sometimes mean less expenditure per student as compared to public institutions. It has even been suggested to the Philippine government that they might save money by offering government scholarships for students to enroll in private schools.

A controversial issue prejudices against students from rural and poor areas.

Agencies

Departments of Education (DepED)

Commission on Higher Education (CHED)

Technical Education and Skills Development Authority (TESDA)

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During President Fidel V. Ramos' Administration, a flurry of education reforms were being rushed to completion. 

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During President Fidel V. Ramos' Administration, a flurry of education reforms were being rushed to completion. 

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Educational Programs:
1. TEEP (Third Elementary Education Project)
2. NEAT (National Elementary Achievement Test)
3. NSAT (National Secondary Assessment Test)
4. Ten-year Master plan on Basic Education
5. CET
6. PROBE (Program on Basic Education)
7. Book Publishing Industry

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the school subject Social Studies began to include topics focusing on transnational identity, migrant labor, and global citizenship.

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Former President Ramos was one of the initiators of EFA which was established in 2003 with a vision to promote a more relevant, more dynamic, higher quality of education in Asia. In his welcome speech, he spoke of education as a "Weapon of Mass Upliftment" for the knowledge society of the future and said that learning should be a life-long process.

Six parallel sessions were held during the conference, with Philippine Consul General Ma. Amelita C. Aquino speaking in the session on "International Exchange and Cooperation: Regional Mobility of Teachers and Students".

The Philippine delegation led by former President Ramos was composed of 17 University Presidents, Vice Presidents, Administrators and Deans from Philippine Normal University, University of the East, ICCT Colleges, National University, Development Academy of the Philippines, De La Salle University, Emilio Aguinaldo College, Centro Escolar University, Arellano University, Lyceum of the Philippines and Technological Institute of the Philippines.

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1998-2001
Education during President Joseph Estrada's Administration

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What are the features of curriculum, agencies involved and issues on education?
Establishing the Presidential Commission on Educational Reform (PCER) where the members of the commission includes  the Secretary of Education, Culture and Sports, Chairman of the Commission on Higher Education, etc. Upgrading of computer classrooms, facilities and internet access in all schools that meet eligibility standards for administering such programs. He also contributed the establishment of the National Coordinating Council for Education (NCCE) that is responsible on
Re-orienting the Premises for Financing Higher Education, Establishment of a One-Year Pre-Baccalaureate System, Faculty Development at the Tertiary Level, Strengthening Teacher Competencies at the Basic Education Level
expanding the Options for Medium of Instruction in Grade I through the Use of the Regional Lingua Franca or the Vernacular, Continued Implementation of the Bilingual Education Policy (BEP)
English will continue to be taught as a separate subject in all grades, and establishing common standard for Accreditation per Discipline
Programs:
°Every Child a Ready Program
°Child friendly school system
°Thinking skills development for Maximized Cognitive Development
°Teacher Training Program
°Adopt a school Program
Agencies involved:
°DepEd (Department of Education)
°CHED (Commission on Higher Education)
°DECS (Department of Education, Culture and Sports)
°NCCE (National Coordinating Council for Education)
Issues:
°Affordability of education
°Lack of facilities

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President Estrada vowed that his administration would give unwavering support for major education projects that seek to elevate the country's public education system to a competitive world-class standard.

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President Estrada vowed that his administration would give unwavering support for major education projects that seek to elevate the country's public education system to a competitive world-class standard.

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-Science and technology education has been prioritized

-Modernization of science laboratories, upgrading computer classrooms, computing facilities and internet access in all schools, expansion and modernization of vocational and technical institutions.

Programs:
-Distance learning and continuing education programs

-Multigrade Program in Philippine Education (MPPE)

-Preschool Service Contracting Program

-SPED Personnel Enhancement Program: Resource Materials Development for Children with Special Needs; Early Intervention Program for Children with Disabilities; and SQEE which includes Standards for Quality Elementary Education

-Adopt-a-School Program

Issues:
-The economic plunder of the country by some of its leaders and their cohorts left the country with a huge foreign debt that amounted to over US$$% billion in 1997. Deficits in needed classrooms, textbooks, and salaried teacher positions have accumulated over the years. The public education system had a deficiency of 37,000 classrooms, 10 million textbooks, 29, 000 salaried teacher positions, and 2.6 million desks. -Despite of the desperate need for more textbooks, classrooms, teachers, and learning materials, debt servicing takes up the bulk of the fiscal budget every year.

Agencies:
-DECS
-CHED
-TESDA
-DOST
-National Economic Development Authority
-Philippine Chamber of Commerce and Industry
-Department of Interior and Local Government

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- usually 6 years of schooling
-the level of primary school are  grouped into 2 primary subdivisions; PRIMARY and INTERMEDIATE level
-Core subjects are: Math, English and Makabayan and other subjects like Science, Music, Physical Education
-English is the teaching medium
-NEAT

Secondary or High School
-4 years of schooling
-Schooling is compartmentalized
-NSAT

Tertiary Education or College
-Either College or University
-Schooling is cosmopolitan
-Subjects depend on the academic degree chosen by the student,

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(1998- 2001) Joseph Estrada’s Administration 

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(1998- 2001) Joseph Estrada’s Administration 

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President Estrada emphasis on education was; ensuring full and unimpeded access by all to both primary and secondary schools is the most effective way of empowering ordinary people. Reform in the following areas: Curricula, teaching methods, instructional media, education technologies, textbooks, language policy and school calendar in use at the elementary and secondary levels, using international benchmarks.

Process. The report and the recommendation for both executive policy and legislative action will be drawn from an analysis by the Commission of the Philippine educational system, based on research of existing studies and other secondary sources of data, on extensive consultations with different sectors, and on interviews with key persons in the system.

Programs

Modernization of science laboratories, improvement of science and mathematics education and the feasibility of establishing regional centers of excellence in science education.

Distance learning and continuing education programs, especially for adults and out-of-school youth, with a view towards possible eventual accreditation.

Upgrading of computer classrooms, computing facilities and internet access in all schools that meet eligibility standards for administering such programs.

Expansion, modernization and standardization of our vocational and technical institutions, especially polytechnic colleges and universities.

Programs, resources and facilities of state universities and colleges, other than UP, with the intention of rationalizing their academic offering and aligning them with employer requirements in their respective areas.

Education is one of Estrada’s priority programs. He has allocated almost P2 billion to the city’s Special Educational Fund to finance additional school infrastructure and other related programs.

Agency

Commission on Higher Education (CHED)

Technical Education Skills Development Authority (TESDA)

University of the Philippines (UP)

Presidential Commission on Educational Reform (PCER)

Department of Education, Culture and Sports (DECS)

Department of Education (DepEd)

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Pres. Estrada vowed support through pledge

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Pres. Estrada vowed support through pledge

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President Estrada gave the pledge after the inauguration of the P10.5 million Division Office of the Department of Education, Culture and Sports (DECS) in San Jose, Antique. The pledge was part of the P16.9 billion Third Elementary Education Project (TEEEP). He vowed to give his unwavering support for major education project that seeks to elevate the country’s public education system into a more competitive world-class standard. TEEP is a multi-project program for the country’s 22 poorest provinces. According to the plan, TEEP will construct 9,000 new class rooms and repair the 3,000 old classrooms. In-line with President Estrada’s “Erap para sa Mahirap Program” funded by two multilateral funding institutions namely the World Bank and the Japan-based Overseas Economic Cooperation Fund.

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Estrada increased budget for basic education and planned to achieve universal Primary education by 2015. He spent more amount for early childhood education and pre-school education.

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Education during President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo's Administration

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What are the features of curriculum, agencies involved and issues on education?
Revising Basic Education Curriculum (BEC) to focus on subjects namely; English, Math, Science, Filipino and Makabayan. Other than that, the time allotment before was 300 minutes per subject and turned to 400 minutes per subject every week. To prepare students to be globally competitive, the president directed DepEd to adopt English as Medium of instruction in schools.She also accomplished sending 10 million copies of textbooks distributed by DepEd to 19,000 public elementary and secondary schools nationwide.
Technovans which has reading, writing and arithmetic subjects was used for distance learning created for the remote barangays that doesnt have teachers and classrooms. Launching the internet-based program to prepare the youth fot the Information Age by building computer laboratories
Programs:
°Accreditation and equivalency Program
°Accelerated Learning Programs for Elementary Schools
°Health and Nutrition Education
°Nutritional Drug Education Program
°Breakfast Feeding Program
Issues:
°TIMMS as of 2003 reported that Philippines ranked no. 43 out of 46 countries in Math competency
°2004 Highschool readiness test: 8,000 out of 1.2 million examinees passed
°Lack of facilities for remote areas
°Affordability of education
Agencies involved:
°DepEd (Department of Education)
°CHED (Commission on Higher Education)

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President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo seeks better quality of Philippine education. Her government believes that education is a key venture that “can break the Filipino’s seemingly endless cycle of poverty.”

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President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo seeks better quality of Philippine education. Her government believes that education is a key venture that “can break the Filipino’s seemingly endless cycle of poverty.”

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(2001- 2010)  Gloria Arroyo’s Administration

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(2001- 2010)  Gloria Arroyo’s Administration

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Features of Educational Platforms

Implementing the Basic Education Curriculum (BEC). The revised BEC has been implemented since June 2002 and now focuses on the five learning areas of English, Science, Math, Filipino and Makabayan from the previous eight per Grade/ Year level. The teaching of science has been given an extended time allotment from 300 minutes to 400 minutes each week to promote the culture of science among students.

Upgrading of the teaching of Mathematics and Science in basic education to prepare the youth to be the next generation of knowledge workers. A linear, sequential approach in teaching math is being adopted by secondary school teachers to facilitate mastery of basic math principles.

Restoring English as Medium of Instruction To prepare the succeeding generations to be globally competitive, the President has directed DepEd to adopt measures that would reverse reported declines in English literacy among Filipinos.

Launching Internet-based Education Program In support of the national effort to empower and prepare the youth for the Information Age

Programs

All public school students would have textbooks for the priority subjects in grades I to IV, and in the first and second years of high school.

More School Buildings-

Mainstreaming Distance Learning. The project, aimed at extending the benefits of education to remote barangays that do not have classrooms and teachers, has made schooling available through television facilities put up in areas where quality of education is very low.  In areas where television cannot reach them, the students are taught through “technovans,” which house a television set and instructional materials in reading, writing and arithmetic.

Issue

In 2010 The Department of Education aims to address the major problems affecting public education .  Private schools are able to offer better facilities and education, but are also much more expensive. There is a wide variety of private schools, including all-boys’ and all-girls’ schools, religious schools, non-sectarian schools, Chinese schools, special schools, and international schools. Due to economic difficulties, there has been a recent increase in the popularity of home schooling and open universities in the Philippines.

Agency

Commission on Elections (COMELEC)

Department of Education (DepED)

Commission on Higher Education (CHED)

Technical Education and Skills Development Authority (TESDA).

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“Governance of Basic Education Act of 2001”

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“Governance of Basic Education Act of 2001”

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- Easing the textbook backlog, constructing of more school buildings, and English as medium of instruction has been restored

-Implementation of the Basic Education Curriculum upgrading the teaching of mathematics and Science

-Focuses on the five learning areas of English, Science, Math, Filipino and Makabayan

-Distance learning program aimed to extend the benefits of education to remote barangays that do not have classrooms and teachers, and has made schooling available through television facilities, “technovans” which house a television set and instructional materials in reading, writing and arithmetic.

Issues:

-Political instability dramatically and adversely affected education. Economic adversity quietly caused systemic educational instability.

Programs:

-Distance Learning Program

-Internet-Based Education Program

Agencies:

-DepEd

-CHED

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The education reform that the succeeding president teachers.

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The education reform that the succeeding president teachers.

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1.)    Easing the Textbook Backlog which is the printing of 10 million copies of textbooks for 19,000 public schools to ensure that every student specifically does in Grade I to Grade IV would have textbooks for the priority subjects.

2.)    The constructing of more school buildings with an allotted budget of 40 million pesos

dministration

EDUCATION:

Education Reform

Article: http://www.macapagal.com/gma/initiatives/edureform.php

The education reform that the succeeding president Gloria Macapagal Arroyo implemented focuses on 7 different aspects namely:

1.)    Easing the Textbook Backlog which is the printing of 10 million copies of textbooks for 19,000 public schools to ensure that every student specifically does in Grade I to Grade IV would have textbooks for the priority subjects.

2.)    The constructing of more school buildings with an allotted budget of 40 million pesos

3.)    Restoring English as medium of instruction

4.)    Implementing the Basic Education Curriculum (BEC). Upgrading the teaching of five learning areas of English, Science, Math, Filipino and Makabayan in basic education and Training teachers as well.

5.)    Improving Teacher Welfare by cleaning up its automatic payroll deduction systems (APDS) for teachers with loans and by hiring an additional of 15,000 new teachers.

6.)    Mainstreaming Distance Learning: The project, aimed at extending the benefits of education to remote barangays that do not have classrooms and teachers, has made schooling available through television facilities put up in areas where quality of education is very low. In areas where television cannot reach them, the students are taught through “technovans”, which house a television set and instructional materials in reading, writing and arithmetic

7.)    Launching the Internet-based Education Program. In support of the national effort to empower and prepare the youth for the Information Age, the ed. venture program has already built 15 fully equipped, Internet-connected and fully air-conditioned computer laboratories in public schools nationwide.

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Education Reform

Easing the Textbook Backlog
• The President assured that all public school students would have textbooks for the priority subjects in grades I to IV, and in the first and second years of high school.

Constructing More School Buildings
• The President has directed DepEd to design classrooms within the P250,000 budget so that the government can build more classrooms throughout the country, especially in remote barangays. The President has allocated P40 million for the construction of new classrooms in the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (ARMM).

Restoring English as Medium of Instruction
• To prepare the succeeding generations to be globally competitive, the President has directed DepEd to adopt measures that would reverse reported declines in English literacy among Filipinos.

Improving Teacher Welfare
• The DepEd has succeeded in improving teacher welfare by cleaning up its automatic payroll deduction systems (APDS) for teachers with loans. The government has hired an additional of 15,000 new teachers as a result of the supplemental budget acquired from Congress last year.

Sparing Public School Teachers from the “vagaries of politics”
• The Commission on Elections (COMELEC) would start the computerization of the tabulation and counting of ballots in the 2004 national elections, thus sparing public school teachers from this tedious task and preventing them from being involved in politics.

Launching the Internet-based Education Program
• In support of the national effort to empower and prepare the youth for the Information Age, the ed. venture program has already built 15 fully equipped, Internet-connected and fully air-conditioned computer laboratories in public schools nationwide.

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Pres. Gloria Macapagal Arroyo's educational reforms

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Pres. Gloria Macapagal Arroyo's educational reforms

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Restoring English as Medium of Instruction

To prepare the succeeding generations to be globally competitive, the President has directed DepEd to adopt measures that would reverse reported declines in English literacy among Filipinos.

Implementing the Basic Education Curriculum (BEC)

Another priority area is the upgrading of the teaching of Mathematics and Science in basic education to prepare the youth to be the next generation of knowledge workers.

The revised BEC has been implemented since June 2002 and now focuses on the five learning areas of English, Science, Math, Filipino and Makabayan from the previous eight per Grade/ Year level.

The teaching of science has been given an extended time allotment from 300 minutes to 400 minutes each week to promote the culture of science among students. The number of hours of Mathematics laboratory has likewise been increased.

About 600,000 teachers from both private and public schools have been trained on the new curriculum. A linear, sequential approach in teaching math is being adopted by secondary school teachers to facilitate mastery of basic math principles.

Mainstreaming Distance Learning

Initially available in 20 barangays in various parts of the country for the last two years, the Strong Republic Grade School or the government’s distance learning program has expanded to include more depressed villages in the Visayas and Mindanao.

The project, aimed at extending the benefits of education to remote barangays that do not have classrooms and teachers , has made schooling available through television facilities put up in areas where quality of education is very low.

In areas where television cannot reach them, the students are taught through “technovans,” which house a television set and instructional materials in reading, writing and arithmetic.

Enrollees are required to take a qualifying exam to determine their entry point in the program which encompasses distance learning modules.

In Maguindanao, distance-learning facilities have been set up in major evacuation camps in war-torn areas like Pagalungan and Pagagawan.

Non-government groups particularly corporate foundations have supported the program, donating some of the available 1,500 long distance learning equipment for grade schools.

Launching the Internet-based Education Program

In support of the national effort to empower and prepare the youth for the Information Age, the ed. venture program has already built 15 fully equipped, Internet-connected and fully air-conditioned computer laboratories in public schools nationwide.

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Constructing More School Buildings

To date, the government has constructed 1, 612 school buildings in barangays unserved by nearby schools. Some 555 schoolhouses will be completed within the next few weeks.
The President has directed DepEd to design classrooms within the P250,000 budget so that the government can build more classrooms throughout the country, especially in remote barangays.
The President has allocated P40 million for the construction of new classrooms in the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (ARMM).

Restoring English as Medium of Instruction

To prepare the succeeding generations to be globally competitive, the President has directed DepEd to adopt measures that would reverse reported declines in English literacy among Filipinos.

Implementing the Basic Education Curriculum (BEC)

Another priority area is the upgrading of the teaching of Mathematics and Science in basic education to prepare the youth to be the next generation of knowledge workers.
The revised BEC has been implemented since June 2002 and now focuses on the five learning areas of English, Science, Math, Filipino and Makabayan from the previous eight per Grade/ Year level.
The teaching of science has been given an extended time allotment from 300 minutes to 400 minutes each week to promote the culture of science among students. The number of hours of Mathematics laboratory has likewise been increased.
About 600,000 teachers from both private and public schools have been trained on the new curriculum. A linear, sequential approach in teaching math is being adopted by secondary school teachers to facilitate mastery of basic math principles.

Improving Teacher Welfare

The DepEd has succeeded in improving teacher welfare by cleaning up its automatic payroll deduction systems (APDS) for teachers with loans.
Acting on cases brought to her attention during dialogues and personal visits, the President has ordered a thorough investigation on the alleged influence peddling in the processing of retirement benefits of government teachers.
The government has hired an additional of 15,000 new teachers as a result of the supplemental budget acquired from Congress last year.

Sparing Public School Teachers from the “vagaries of politics”

The Commission on Elections (COMELEC) would start the computerization of the tabulation and counting of ballots in the 2004 national elections, thus sparing public school teachers from this tedious task and preventing them from being involved in politics.

Mainstreaming Distance Learning

Initially available in 20 barangays in various parts of the country for the last two years, the Strong Republic Grade School or the government’s distance learning program has expanded to include more depressed villages in the Visayas and Mindanao.
The project, aimed at extending the benefits of education to remote barangays that do not have classrooms and teachers , has made schooling available through television facilities put up in areas where quality of education is very low.
In areas where television cannot reach them, the students are taught through “technovans,” which house a television set and instructional materials in reading, writing and arithmetic.
Enrollees are required to take a qualifying exam to determine their entry point in the program which encompasses distance learning modules.
In Maguindanao, distance-learning facilities have been set up in major evacuation camps in war-torn areas like Pagalungan and Pagagawan.
Non-government groups particularly corporate foundations have supported the program, donating some of the available 1,500 long distance learning equipment for grade schools.

Launching the Internet-based Education Program

In support of the national effort to empower and prepare the youth for the Information Age, the ed. venture program has already built 15 fully equipped, Internet-connected and fully air-conditioned computer laboratories in public schools nationwide.

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2010-2016
Education during President Benigno Simeon Aquino III

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What are the features of curriculum, agencies involved and issues on education?
Education should be an investment for the Filipinos not just another problem that needs fixing.Aquino signed into law Republic Act 10533 or the Enhanced Basic Education Act of 2013, which institutionalizes the Kindergarten (K) to 12 program. The law adds two years to basic education: six years of primary education (Grades 1 to 6), four years of junior high school (Grades 7 to 10), and two years of senior high school (Grades 11 to 12) and re introducing the technical vocational education for those whi cannot afford to go to college. President Benigno Simeon III  focused on the following:
°12-year basic education cycle
°Universal pre-schooling for all
°Madaris education as a sub-system within the education system
°Technical-vocational education as an alternative stream in senior high school
°Every child a reader by Grade 1
°Science and math proficiency
°Assistance to private schools as essential partners in basic education
°Medium of instruction rationalized
°Quality textbooks
°Covenant with local governments to build more schools
Program:
°K to 12 Curriculum
Isssues:
° During 2013, the lack of facilities and teachers  Shortage in Public Schools.
in classrooms was pegged at 19, 579, 60 million shortages when it came to textbooks, 2.5 million shortages with regard to chairs, and 80, 937 shortages of water and sanitation facilities.
°Poor quality of education because of the results of  the National Achievement Test (NAT) and the National Career Assessment Examination (NCAE) results show that there had been a decline in the quality of Philippine education at the elementary and secondary levels in year 2014. The students' performance in both the 2014 NAT and NCAE were excessively below the target mean score.
*Issues on concept mastery:
°TIMMS report made by UPS NISMED: "No mastery is extremely high on Life Sciences"
°Grades 8 and 4th year has low percentage on Scientific Literary
Agencies involved:
°DepEd (Department of Education)
°CHED (Commission on Higher Education)
°TESDA (Technical Education and Skills Development Authority)

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During Aquino's first State of the Nation Address (SONA), Aquino announced his intention to reform the education system in the Philippines by shifting to K–12 education, a 12-year basic education cycle. K–12 education is used in the United States, Canada, and Australia.

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During Aquino's first State of the Nation Address (SONA), Aquino announced his intention to reform the education system in the Philippines by shifting to K–12 education, a 12-year basic education cycle. K–12 education is used in the United States, Canada, and Australia.

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2010-2016 Benigno Aquino III Administration 

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2010-2016 Benigno Aquino III Administration 

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Features of Educations

Enhance Basic Education Act of 2013 (K-12); Implementation of K-12 basic education cycle to increase the number of years of compulsory education to thirteen years. his will "It will give everyone an equal chance to succeed" and "have quality education and profitable jobs". After further consultations and studies, the government under President Aquino formally adopted the K-6-4-2 basic education system--one year of kindergarten, six years of elementary education, four years of junior high school education and two years of senior high school education. Kindergarten was formally made compulsory by virtue of the Kindergarten Education Act of 2012, while the further twelve years were officially put into law by virtue of the Enhanced Basic Education Act of 2013.

The Curriculum is Learner-centered, inclusive and developmentally appropriate Relevant responsive and Research based, Culture sensitive, Contextualized and global. The use of pedagogical approaches are constructivist, inquiry based, reflective collaborative and integrative. It adheres the principle of MOTHER TOUGUE- BASED MULTILINGUAL EDUCATION(MTB-MLE).

MOTHER TOUGUE-BASED MULTILINGUAL EDUCATION(MTB-MLE) It starts from where the learners are and from what they already knew proceeding from the known to the unknown; instructional materials and capable teachers to implement the MTB-MLE curriculum shall be available

Use of spiral progression approach to ensure mastery of knowledge and skills in every level. Flexible enough to enable and allow schools to localize, indigenize, and enhance the same based on their respective educational and social context.

The students after ongoing Senior High School can choose among four tracks: Academic, Technical-Vocational-Livelihood, Sports track, Arts and Design track, Business, Accountancy, Management (BAM), Humanities and Social Sciences(HUMSS), Science, technology, engineering, mathematics (STEM) , General Academic Strand (GAS)

ISSUES
K-12 Curriculum see’s as a burden for average Filipino family. It does not address the basic problems of education(classrooms, chairs, books etc). Many public schools
an accommodate the different strands of the K-12. Lacking of facilities, classroms, teachers and learning materials.

Agency

Department of Education  (DepED)

Commission on Higher Education (CHED)

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The K to 12 Program covers Kindergarten and 12 years of basic education (six years of primary education, four years of Junior High School, and two years of Senior High School [SHS]) to provide sufficient time for mastery of concepts and skills, develop lifelong learners, and prepare graduates for tertiary education, middle-level skills development, employment, and entrepreneurship.

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-An Act enhancing the Basic Education System by Strengthening Its Curriculum and Increasing the Number of Years for Basic Education, Appropriating Funds Therefor and for Other Purposes”

-A student-centered curriculum which seek to enhance learners’ basic skills, produce more competent citizens, and prepare graduates for lifelong learning and employment.

-After Junior High School students should undergo Senior High School first before entering tertiary schooling. Senior high school consists 4 tracks namely; academic track, technical-vocational-livelihood, sports, and arts and design.

Programs:

-Learning centers for out-of-school youth and adults (Community Learning Center)

-Programs for the Gifted and Talented

-Programs for Learners with Disabilities

-Madrasah Program

-Indigenous People (IP) Education Program

-Programs for Learners under Difficult Circumstances

Issues:

-Insufficient or limited resources and personnel.

-Kto12 program will be underfunded

Agencies:

-Department of Education

-Higher Education Institutions

Technical-Vocational Institutions

Teacher Education Institutions

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REPUBLIC ACT 10533“Enhanced Basic Education Act of 2013”

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REPUBLIC ACT 10533“Enhanced Basic Education Act of 2013”

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-Approved on May 15, 2013

-Which took effect on June 8, 2013

Objectives of the K-12 Program
-To give every student an opportunity to receive quality education based on an enhanced and decongested curriculum that is internationally recognized and comparable.

-To change public perception that high school education is just a preparation for college; rather, it should allow one to take advantage of opportunities for gainful career or employment and/or self-employment in a rapidly changing and increasingly globalized environment.

The legal basis of K-12
-First, there will be no additional workload due to the K-12 program. The magna carta for public schools teachers provides that teachers should only teach up to six hours a day (republic act no.4670)

-Second, the enhanced k-12 basic education program seeks to provide for a quality 12-yearbasic education program that each Filipino is entitled to.

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In a historic moment for advocates of educational equity, President Benigno Aquino III approved Republic Act (RA) 10533, signing into law the K+12 program on May 15, 2013.

The K+12 program covers kindergarten and twelve years of basic education — six years of primary schooling, four years of junior high school and two years of senior high school. By adding two years to the current educational system, K+12 aims to provide mastery of skills for lifelong learners and prepare them for career opportunities. The program also contextualizes lessons to students, as concepts will be explained using local culture with the use of the students’ respective mother tongues. The curriculum also prepares graduates to acquire mid-level skills that will allow them more opportunities even in the global job market.

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Kinder to 12
In the field of education, K-12 refers to grades kindergarten through twelve where attendance is compulsory.

Curriculum can have multiple meanings, though the term generally describes, in some form or another, the learning experiences students have in the classroom. Curriculum can refer to:
- the courses or subjects students study in school
-the general learning goals and activities for a course, set of courses, or grade level
-the specific learning objectives or standards to be mastered

K-12 Curriculum as a general educational term typically refers to the content being taught and the learning experiences students have in the school setting in grades kindergarten through twelve. Now let's look at some more specific ways in which curriculum can be defined.

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2016- Present
Education during President Rodrigo Roa Duterte's Administration

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What are the features of curriculum, agencies involved and issues on education?
"Educate more students, educators and leaders.”
President Rodrigo Roa Duterte targeted the following:
°Expanding the Alternative Learning System(ALS)
°Incresasing the number of learners
°Highlight skills training, learner mobility and lifelong learning among Filipinos
°Launching the ALS-K to 12
Programs:
°“Better Life for Out-of-School Girls to Fight Against Poverty and Injustice in the Philippines” is a project with the  collaboration DepEd,United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) AND Korea International Cooperation Agency (KOICA)
°Bangkarunungan Program in Malalag District, Davao Davao Del a floating community center for the out-of-school youth and adults
Agencies involved:
°DepEd (Department of Education)
°UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization
°KOICA (Korea International Cooperation Agency)
Issues:
°According to Global Competitiveness Index year 2017-2018, Philippines ranked
-66th out of 137 countries for quality of primary education
-74th for quality for higher education
-76 for quality of science and math education
°overcrowded schools
°lack of classrooms
°inadequate school materials
°lack of teachers (quality teachers)
°pandemic brought more complex problems to the system of education (lack of modules, teachers and other resources like internet connections and gadgets)

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“As we bring education closer to poor students, we must also ensure that the quality of education is not compromised and that its benefits are cascaded to all,”

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“As we bring education closer to poor students, we must also ensure that the quality of education is not compromised and that its benefits are cascaded to all,”

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President Rodrigo Duterte has signed a law making education free at all state universities in the Philippines, despite warnings from his economic advisers that the country cannot afford it.

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President Rodrigo Duterte has signed a law making education free at all state universities in the Philippines, despite warnings from his economic advisers that the country cannot afford it.

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"Free tertiary education in state universities and colleges is a very strong pillar or cornerstone of the president's social development policy," he said.

The bill, signed late Thursday, will spare all students at government-run colleges and universities from paying tuition and other fees, he said.

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REPUBLIC ACT No. 10931“Universal Access to Quality Tertiary Education Act”

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REPUBLIC ACT No. 10931“Universal Access to Quality Tertiary Education Act”

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-Free education in SUCs and LUCs

-Give priority to students who are academically able and who come from poor families

Issues:

-According to Mira Legion, a chairwoman of the youth group Anakbayan in the EASTERN Visayas region, education remains inaccessible to the youth, especially the poor either because they were disqualified from availing the grant or are enrolled in private schools. She said that Duterte’s “free education” falls short in the law making education free.

-Students also protested the increase in tuition fees in private schools that are approved by DepEd.

Agencies:

-DepEd

-Commission on Higher Education

-State Universities and Colleges

-Local Universities and Colleges

-Local Government Units

-DSWD

-TESDA

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Pres. Duterte makes education free in Philippines' state despite warnings about severe strain on national budget universities

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Pres. Duterte makes education free in Philippines' state despite warnings about severe strain on national budget universities

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President Rodrigo Duterte has signed a law making education free at all state universities in the Philippines, despite warnings from his economic advisers that the country cannot afford it.

Mr. Duterte, who is known for his populist leanings, believes the long-term benefits of the measure outweigh the short-term budgetary challenges, deputy presidential executive secretary Menardo Guevarra said on Friday.

"Free tertiary education in state universities and colleges is a very strong pillar or cornerstone of the president's social development policy," he said.

The bill, signed late Thursday, will spare all students at government-run colleges and universities from paying tuition and other fees, he said.

Economic officials had warned Mr. Duterte not to approve the measure, which they argue will cost 100 billion pesos (Dh7.4bn) a year and will mainly benefit wealthier students.

Mr Guevarra said that now the measure had been signed, everyone needed to work together to solve the key problem facing the new bill: funding.

"Everyone including the economic managers will have to focus their attention on this particular aspect: funding for this programme," he said.

Congressman Salvador Belaro, one of the authors of the bill for free state college tuition, warned it could cost some 500 billion pesos to fund the programme for the next five years.

The Philippines has 114 state universities and colleges. Under Mr Duterte's proposed budget for 2018, these institutions have a total allocation of 64.6 billion pesos.

This is out of a total education budget of 691.1 billion pesos, budget department documents showed.

The Duterte government is already scrambling to cover its proposed 3.767 trillion peso budget for 2018, which includes heavy spending on infrastructure.

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The Free Tuition Fee Law is perhaps the Duterte Administration’s most positive achievements to date. In his effort to bridge this gap between the poor and education, Duterte signed “The Universal Access to Quality Tertiary Education Act” or Republic Act 10931 on August 3, 2017. The law aims to waive school fees to provide an opportunity for every Filipino to earn a higher education and a degree in State Universities and Colleges (SUCs) and Local Universities and Colleges (LUC).

According to the data from the Philippine News Agency, close to 900,000 Filipino students who enrolled in 112 SUCs for the academic year 2017-2018 benefited from the PHP8 billion Grant of Free Tuition in SUCs, while kindergarten enrolment has increased from 65% in 2016 to 84% in 2017.

Around 1.3 million students enrolled in SUCs and LUCs will finally enjoy free tuition and miscellaneous fees beginning the academic year of 2018-2019 while 300,000 poor students will also earn tertiary education subsidy apart from free tuition and miscellaneous fees through CHED’s Unified Financial Assistance System for Tertiary Education Act (UNIFAST).

Tertiary education in the Philippines is now within reach, even for the poor. Not only will this even out the playing field for the younger generation to achieve a good education, it will also lessen the burden of the parents and students who are struggling their way through college.

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2016 to Present Rodrigo Roa Duterte's Administration

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2016 to Present Rodrigo Roa Duterte's Administration

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President Rodrigo Duterte has approved the plan of the Department of Education (DepEd) to raise the country’s quality of education. There was a continuation and continually progress on enhancing K-12 Program.

K -12 Enhanced Basic Education Curriculum. It aims to enhance learners’ basic skills, produce more competent citizens and prepare graduates for lifelong learning and employment.

It gives students the chance to choose among three tracks (i.e. Academic; Technical-Vocational-Livelihood; and Sports and Arts) and undergo immersion, which provides relevant exposure and actual experience in their chosen track.

In 2020
The New Normal Educational Plans
With the current spread of  Covid-19, physical distancing and wearing a mask are compulsory. That’s why it gives way to Virtual Education. Classes are conducted in Online Platforms. Schools will have blended or purely online courses.

The first modality is the Distance Learning which itself has also 3 forms.

First is the modular distance learning where modules will be given to the learners by the teacher. In this modality parents must make a drop box or called as learning package where the teacher can place the modules and in return the parents will also place the activities done by the learner.

Second form is the Online Distance Learning, learners who opt to choose this modality must have internet connection. In this modality the teacher and learner will meet virtually and do their activities synchronous or asynchronous.

Third is the Television, Radio-Based Instructions, this kind of modality is fitted to the learners who are committed to learn on their own.

Second modality is the blended learning. This commonly tagged as “hybrid learning” since this is effective at helping a diverse student body. This modality is the combination of anything that is mentioned above. It may or may not requires internet connection and parents shall also pick up the learning modules in the school.

Third and lastly is the Homeschool modality. This kind of modality is effective if the learner has an available tutor or a parent who is qualified and always available to facilitate the learning of the child.

Issue

The pandemic brought changes in the traditional educational system. It brings challenge not only to the students but to all the educators who wants to give quality education to all the students and it challenge the idea of Education For All because there are  learners who can't access to education due to financial conditions,  lack of gadgets and devices that will be use during the classes ,availability of internet connection and such.

Agency

Department of Education (DepED)

Commission on Higher Education (CHED)