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~how a person contributes to their environment and community, and how to build better living spaces and social networks
~Enrichment of life through work
~ The development of belief systems, values and creating a world-view
~Benefits of regular physical activity, healthy eating habits, strengths and vitality as well as personal responsibility, self care and when to seek medical attention
~self esteem, self control and determination
~creative and stimulating mental activities

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Individual factors that influence behaviour such as beliefs , personality and attitudes etc
Who you grow up with
Community factors

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Theory at a Glance: A Guide for Health Promotion and Practice frames the ecological perspective as

"...the interaction between, and interdependence of, factors within and across all levels of a health problem. It highlights people's interactions with their physical and sociocultural environments."

Ecological models recognize multiple levels of influence on health behaviors, including:

Intrapersonal/individual factors, which influence behavior such as knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and personality.

Interpersonal factors, such as interactions with other people, which can provide social support or create barriers to interpersonal growth that promotes healthy behavior.

Institutional and organizational factors, including the rules, regulations, policies, and informal structures that constrain or promote healthy behaviors.

Community factors, such as formal or informal social norms that exist among individuals, groups, or organizations, can limit or enhance healthy behaviors.

Public policy factors, including local, state, and federal policies and laws that regulate or support health actions and practices for disease prevention including early detection, control, and management.

Examples of Ecological Models

Considerations for Implementation

The ecological perspective is a useful framework for understanding the range of factors that influence health and well-being. It is a model that can assist in providing a complete perspective of the factors that affect specific health behaviors, including the social determinants of health. Because of this, ecological frameworks can be used to integrate components of other theories and models, thus ensuring the design of a comprehensive health promotion or disease prevention program or policy approach.

The Healthy People 2020 framework addresses the importance of ecological models in health promotion and disease prevention. Programs are most likely to be effective when they are designed to address the multiple levels of influence on health behaviors.

Resources to Learn More

Authors(s): Pearson, T.A. Public Policy Approaches to the Prevention of Heart Disease and Stroke
Document
Describes an ecological model and policy approaches for heart disease and stroke prevention.

Organization(s): American Heart Association
Date: 12/2011

The Social-Ecological Model: A Framework for Prevention
Website
Describes an ecological model for injury prevention that highlights the complex interplay between individuals, groups, community, and the societal factors that shape relationships.
Organization(s): Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

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Ecological Models - Rural Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Toolkit

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Theory at a Glance: A Guide for Health Promotion and Practice frames the ecological perspective as "...the interaction between, and interdependence of, factors within and across all levels of a health problem. It highlights people's interactions with their physical and sociocultural environments."

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Wellness is preventive and driven by self responsibility

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Genes, what has been passed on from our parents can lead to us developing health conditions during our lifespan

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Wellness is multidimensional

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Wellness is more than just physical health

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Wellness model extends from illness to a state of optional wellbeing

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https://nationalwellness.org/resources/six-dimensions-of-wellness/

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Personal relationships influences individuals such as family and friends
e.g. having a violent friend will maybe influence if they engage in violence

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Focus from being sick to preventive care

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https://cdn.ymaws.com/members.nationalwellness.org/resource/resmgr/pdfs/sixdimensionsfactsheet.pdf

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6 components-
~Emotional
~Occupational
~Physical
~Social
~Intellectual
~Spiritual

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Wellness model allows people to succeed living productive lives despite impairments or illnesses

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The ecological framework is based on evidence that no single factor can explain why some people or groups are at higher risk of interpersonal violence, while others are more protected from it. This framework views interpersonal violence as the outcome of interaction among many factors at four levels-the individual, the relationship, the community, and the societal.

At the individual level, personal history and biological factors influence how individuals behave and increase their likelihood of becoming a victim or a perpetrator of violence. Among these factors are being a victim of child maltreatment, psychological or personality disorders, alcohol and/or substance abuse and a history of behaving aggressively or having experienced abuse.

Personal relationships such as family, friends, intimate partners and peers may influence the risks of becoming a victim or perpetrator of violence. For example, having violent friends may influence whether a young person engages in or becomes a victim of violence.

Community contexts in which social relationships occur, such as schools, neighbourhoods and workplaces, also influence violence. Risk factors here may include the level of unemployment, population density, mobility and the existence of a local drug or gun trade.

Societal factors influence whether violence is encouraged or inhibited. These include economic and social policies that maintain socioeconomic inequalities between people, the availability of weapons, and social and cultural norms such as those around male dominance over women, parental dominance over children and cultural norms that endorse violence as an acceptable method to resolve conflicts.

The ecological framework treats the interaction between factors at the different levels with equal importance to the influence of factors within a single level. For example, longitudinal studies suggest that complications associated with pregnancy and delivery, perhaps because they lead to neurological damage and psychological or personality disorder, seem to predict violence in youth and young adulthood mainly when they occur in combination with other problems within the family, such as poor parenting practices. The ecological framework helps explain the result-violence later in life-as the interaction of an individual risk factor, the consequences of complications during birth, and a relationship risk factor, the experience of poor parenting. This framework is also useful to identify and cluster intervention strategies based on the ecological level in which they act. For example, home visitation interventions act in the relationship level to strengthen the bond between parent and child by supporting positive parenting practices.

The ecological framework: examples of risk factors at each level

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The ecological framework is based on evidence that no single factor can explain why some people or groups are at higher risk of interpersonal violence, while others are more protected from it. This framework views interpersonal violence as the outcome of interaction among many factors at four levels-the individual, the relationship, the community, and the societal.

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Addressing all six dimensions of wellness in our lives builds a holistic sense of wellness and fulfillment.

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MCH Training Program - UTHealth School of Public Health

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Although it always includes striving for health, it’s more about living life fully, and is “a lifestyle and a personalized approach to living life in a way that… allows you to become the best kind of person that your potentials, circumstances, and fate will allow”