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Creation of the first Natural protected area in Colombia, the Cueva de los Guacharos National park

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Creation of the first Natural protected area in Colombia, the Cueva de los Guacharos National park

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Cueva de los Guácharos NNP was the first area in Colombia to be declared a national park in 1960. It belongs to the Cinturón Andino [Andean belt] Biosphere Reserve declared by UNESCO in 1979.

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Creation of the first Natural protected area in Colombia, the Cueva de los Guacharos National park

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Creation of the first Natural protected area in Colombia, the Cueva de los Guacharos National park

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Colombian national park. For the similarly-named cave and national park in Monagas, Venezuela, see Cueva del Guácharo National Park.

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Creation of the first Natural protected area in Colombia, the Cueva de los Guacharos National park

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Creation of the first Natural protected area in Colombia, the Cueva de los Guacharos National park

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The park is intended to protect the cloud forest and páramo ecosystems. This area hosts one of the last intact oak forests in the country, with the native oak species Quercus humboldtii (Bonpl.) and Trigonobalanus excelsa

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Carlos Lleras Restrepo's Mark on the Colombian Economy in the 1960s

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Carlos Lleras Restrepo's Mark on the Colombian Economy in the 1960s

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provides details about two of his main contributions to the creation of Colombia's economic institutions: the Foreign Exchange Code of 1967 and the Constitutional Reform of 1968, which made economic planning constitutionally mandatory

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Carlos Lleras Restrepo's Mark on the Colombian Economy in the 1960s

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Carlos Lleras Restrepo's Mark on the Colombian Economy in the 1960s

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Although Colombia's Gross Domestic Product grew at an average annual rate of 4.66% between 1960 and 1965, the increase in production per capita was lower than in previous years, since Colombia had the fastest population growth in the 20th century.

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Carlos Lleras Restrepo's Mark on the Colombian Economy in the 1960s

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Carlos Lleras Restrepo's Mark on the Colombian Economy in the 1960s

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Carlos Lleras Restrepo is the emblematic Colombian president of the 1960s. The mark he made lasted until 1990, but his influence on the management of the Colombian economy started in the 1930s.

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Carlos Lleras Restrepo's Mark on the Colombian Economy in the 1960s

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Carlos Lleras Restrepo's Mark on the Colombian Economy in the 1960s

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In 1966, the terms of trade -the relation between the prices of exports and imports- were at a lower level than in 1958, due to the deterioration that had taken place in international coffee prices. The international reserves of the Banco de la República were also negative in 1966, which meant that Colombia's capacity to import goods and services was the lowest since 1941, if one calculates the number of months whose imports could be satisfied with the existing reserves.

The beginning of the Lleras Restrepo administration gave way, however, to a break in the trajectory of the Colombian economy during the period of the National Front, marked by the normalization of the relationship of national economic agents with the exterior and by the rationalization of the State's finances.

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Carlos Lleras Restrepo's Mark on the Colombian Economy in the 1960s

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Carlos Lleras Restrepo's Mark on the Colombian Economy in the 1960s

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In the government of Carlos Lleras Restrepo, the one with the greatest repercussions, in the short and long term, was that of the orderly management of the external sector through the design of a strict and stable regulatory framework. In the first months of the presidential term, the strictest import control system of the post-war period was put into effect. Simultaneously, operations in the free foreign exchange market were suspended and exchange control was established.

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Carlos Lleras Restrepo's Mark on the Colombian Economy in the 1960s

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Carlos Lleras Restrepo's Mark on the Colombian Economy in the 1960s

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operations in the free foreign exchange market were suspended and exchange control was established. These decisions provoked a confrontation, in November 1966, between the new government and its international creditors, headed by the International Monetary Fund, which did not agree with the type of economic policy measures of the new administration. A few months later, on March 22, 1967, Decree-Law 444 was enacted, which restructured the entire foreign exchange and foreign trade regime and gave the country nearly 25 years of stability in foreign exchange policy.

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Carlos Lleras Restrepo's Mark on the Colombian Economy in the 1960s

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Carlos Lleras Restrepo's Mark on the Colombian Economy in the 1960s

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Two weeks after taking office as President of the Republic on August 7, 1966, Lleras Restrepo sent to the National Congress the Constitutional Reform project that had been prepared by a committee of his presidential campaign.

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Hurricane Hattie moves over San Andrés island with winds of 80 mph (130 km/h), causing 1 death, 15 injuries, and $300,000 in damage

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Hurricane Hattie moves over San Andrés island with winds of 80 mph (130 km/h), causing 1 death, 15 injuries, and $300,000 in damage

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Hurricane Hattie was one of the strongest and deadliest tropical cyclones of the 1961 Atlantic hurricane season, reaching a peak intensity as a Category 5 hurricane. The ninth tropical storm, seventh hurricane, fifth major hurricane, and second Category 5 of the season, Hattie originated from an area of low pressure that strengthened into a tropical storm over the southwestern Caribbean Sea on October 27.

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The Thousand Days War begins between the Liberal and Conservative parties after the Conservative Party is accused of stealing the election. 

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The Thousand Days War begins between the Liberal and Conservative parties after the Conservative Party is accused of stealing the election. 

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The liberal party represented coffee plantation owners and import-export merchants who favoured a laissez-faire eeconomic policy.

The Conservative government, suffering from reduced customs revenues, responded by issuing unbacked paper currency, causing the value of the peso to drop precipitously.

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In 1960 the independent political party, National Popular Alliance (ANAPO), had been formed by supporters of Rojas Pinilla and was soon contending in congressional elections. 

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In 1960 the independent political party, National Popular Alliance (ANAPO), had been formed by supporters of Rojas Pinilla and was soon contending in congressional elections. 

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ANAPO's popularity increased steadily throughout the 1960's as it appealed to many of those who had been left out of the National Front alliance.

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Lleras Restrepo, an agrarian reformist, had convinced himself that the existence of an Agrarian Reform Law (Law 135 of 1961, modified by Law 1 of 1968) was not enough, but there was a social force capable of pushing its effective application.

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FUN and the impact of the UIS student movement

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FUN and the impact of the UIS student movement

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in the years 61-62, as a result of a series of student congresses in which the need to build a national organization of Colombian students was raised, especially of democratic students, who understood that not only Colombian education, but also the Colombian society had to be practically remade, rebuilt.

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In Colombia, the attempt to create a Christian Democratic party occurred at the end of the 1950s.
Christian Democracy, Catholicism, Politics, Social Problems, Catholic Camp, Political Party, Colombia
At this moment, various groups, worried about the violence that ravaged the country and the scandalous social conditions in which many Colombians lived, directed their criticisms toward the Conservative and Liberal parties. These same concerns were present in the Catholic camp and motivated a series of initiatives seeking to offer a "Christian" solution to serious problems of this kind. Of the variety of strategies to which these efforts gave rise, Christian Democracy was one of the options to emerge from the bosom of Catholicism.

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MinInterior conmemora con los líderes comunales los 60 años de la organización comunal en Colombia.

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Only in the late 1950s did supporters of the creation of a Christian Democratic party set about carrying out their project. But the participation of Catholics in political life in Colombia was not a new issue. In general terms, Catholics had been represented by the Conservative Party, with which there had been an old and close friendship at least since the middle of the 19th century, when the Church and its faithful joined conservatism to confront the anti-clerical project of the liberals.