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She was born in 1820 in the comté of Dorchester and she died on the 10 mars 1913 in Auburn. Her true name is Aramita Ross and she was an activist for abolition of slavery. Her actions helped several slaves escape and earned her the nickname "Moses of the people"

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William Lloyd Garrison is born in 1805 and he died in 1879. He is an american publisher, writer and journalist. He consacrated his life to fight against slavery and race’s damages so this abolitionist created the American Anti-Slavery Society in 1933.

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Frederick Douglass was born in 1817 (or 1818) and he died on the 20th February 1895 in Washington. He was a slave at birth. Then he managed to escape and he became a speaker and an abolitionist

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Solitude was born in 1772, she was the daughter of an African slave raped by a sailor on the boat that took her to the Caribbean. She came from Guadeloupe. She was executed on November 29, 1802.

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1861: she wrote  the introduction of Harriet A. Jacob’s autobiographic book “Incidents in the life of a slave girl”

1839: she was elected in the American abolitionist committee

She was the editor of a newspaper the “ National Anti-Slavery Standard “

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Thomas Jefferson was born on April 13, 1743 in Shadwell, and die on July 4, 1826 at the age of 83 years old. He  was the fird American président for 8 years between 1801 and 1809.

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John brown was born on may, 9 1800 and he died on december, 2 1859, he was an american abolitionnist. He called for armed insurrection to abolish slavery. He became a symbol for fight for the abolition of slavery.

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Born as a slave in 6th of November 1814, William Wells Brown was an African American abolitionist and writer.
He escaped of slavery and met a white man who gave him his name : Wells Brown.
His wrote a book, Clotel, in 1853, considered as the first book written by a black man.
He went to Europe and stayed there for a while because of Fugitive Slave act. After emancipation he continued his fight against injustice through his writing and public speaking.
He died the 6th November 1884, in Chelsea.

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The Reverend James Ramsay, born in 1733 in Scotland, was the son of a ship's carpenter. He was a ship's surgeon and a anglican priest who dedicated most of his life to abolitionism. He died in 1783.

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Henry David Thoreau was born on the 12th July of 1817 in Concord, Massachusetts.
During his life he has been teacher, philosopher and author.
He has written the Civil Disobedience which has inspired the civil rights movements of Gandhi and Martin Luther KING Jr.

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When Europeans first colonized the North American continent, the land was vast, the work was harsh, and there was a severe shortage of labor. White bond servants, paying their passage across the ocean from Europe through indentured labor, eased but did not solve the problem. Tensions between settlers and former indentured servants increased the pressure to find a new labor source. Early in the seventeenth century, a Dutch ship loaded with African slaves introduced a solution-and yet paradoxically a new problem-to the New World. Slaves proved to be economical on large farms where labor-intensive cash crops, such as tobacco, sugar and rice, could be grown.

By the end of the American Revolution, slavery became largely unprofitable in the North and was slowly dying out. Even in the South the institution was becoming less useful to farmers as tobacco prices fluctuated and began to drop. Due to the decline of the tobacco market in the 1760s and 1770s many farmers switched from producing tobacco to wheat, which required less labor leading to surplus of slaves. However, in 1793 northerner Eli Whitney invented the cotton gin; this device made it possible for textile mills to use the type of cotton most easily grown in the lower South. The invention of the cotton gin brought about a robust internal slave trade. As the lower South became more established in cotton production the region required more slave labor, which they received from upper South slaveowners looking to offload their surplus of slaves. In 1808, the United States banned the international slave trade (the importation of slaves), which only increased the demand for domestically traded slaves. In the upper South the most profitable cash crop was not was not an agricultural product but the sale of human lives. Although some southerners owned no slaves at all, by 1860 the South's "peculiar institution" was inextricably tied to the region's economy and society.

Torn between the economic benefits of slavery and the moral and constitutional issues it raised, white southerners grew more and more defensive of the institution. They argued that black people, like children, were incapable of caring for themselves and that slavery was a benevolent institution that kept them fed, clothed, and occupied, and exposed them to Christianity. Most northerners did not doubt that black people were inferior to whites, but they did doubt the benevolence of slavery. The voices of Northern abolitionists, such as Boston editor and publisher William Lloyd Garrison, became increasingly violent. Educated blacks such as escaped-slave Frederick Douglass wrote eloquent and heartfelt attacks on the institution and spoke on abolitionist circuits about their experience enslaved.

Anti-slavery proponents organized the Underground Railroad to help slaves escape north to freedom. Although fictionalized, Harriet Beecher Stowe's 1852 immensely popular novel Uncle Tom's Cabin opened northerner's eyes to some of the horrors of slavery and refuted the southern myth that blacks were happy as slaves.

In reality, treatment of slaves ranged from mild and paternalistic to cruel and sadistic. Husbands, wives, and children were frequently sold away from one another and punishment by whipping was not unusual. In 1857 the United States Supreme Court in the decision Dred Scott v. Sandford ruled that all blacks, whether free or enslaved, lacked the rights to citizenship and thus could not sue in federal court. The Supreme Court took their decision a step further by deeming that Congress had in fact exceeded its authority in the earlier Missouri Compromise because it had no power to forbid or abolish slavery in the territories. The Supreme Court also ruled that popular sovereignty, where new territories could vote on entering the union as a free or slave state, lacked constitutional legitimacy. Thus, slaves had no legal means of protesting their treatment. Due to the Dred Scott decision, John Brown's raid on Harper's Ferry, and other earlier slave uprisings, Southerners feared servile insurrection above all else but this was rare. Instead as a form of resistance slaves would pretend illness, organize slowdowns, sabotage farm machinery, and sometimes commit arson or murder. Running away for short periods of time was common.

The outbreak of the Civil War forever changed the future of the American nation and perhaps most notably the future of Americans held in bondage. The war began as a struggle to preserve the Union, not a struggle to free the slaves but as the war dragged on it became increasingly clear to President Abraham Lincoln the best way to force the seceded states into submission was to undermine their labor supply and economic engine which was sustaining the south-slavery. Many slaves escaped to the North in the early years of the war, and several Union generals established contraband policies in the southern land that they conquered. Congress passed laws permitting the seizure of slaves from rebellious southerners as the rules of war allow for the seizure of property and the United States considered slaves property. On September 22, 1862, following the strategic Union victory at Antietam, President Abraham Lincoln presented the Preliminary Emancipation Proclamation.

This document decreed that, by the power of the United States armed forces, all slaves in states that were still in rebellion one hundred days after January 1, 1863 would be "thenceforward and forever free." Furthermore, Lincoln established an institution through which free blacks could join the U.S. Army, an unprecedented level of integration at that time. The United States Colored Troops (USCT) served on many battlefields, won numerous Medals of Honor, and ensured eventual Union victory in the war.

On December 6, 1865, eight months after the end of the Civil War, the United States adopted the 13th Amendment to the Constitution, which outlawed the practice of slavery.

Sources

Patricia L. Faust, ed., Historical Times Illustrated Encyclopedia of the Civil War, (Harper Perennial, 1991)

John S. Bowman, ed., Encyclopedia of the Civil War, (Dorset Press, 1992)

Bruce Catton, The American Heritage Picture History of the Civil War, (Bonanza Books, 1982).

Further Reading

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A Brief History of Slavery in the United States

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The outbreak of the Civil War forever changed the future of the American nation and perhaps most notably the future of Americans held in bondage.

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Abraham Lincoln was the 16th president of the United States.
He was born in the 12 of February 1809 and he died in the 15th of April 1865 but his death isn’t naturally he was killed by someone we don’t know who.
He became president in 1861 until 1865 so until his death. Lincoln faced reelection in 1864. Lincoln was a master politician, bringing together—and holding together . He was assassineted because he abolished Slavery.
He was killed too five databanks after the victory of the secession

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William Lloyd Garrison was born December 10, 1805 in Newburyport, Massachusetts.  In 1830 he started an abolitionist paper, The Liberator. In 1832 he helped form the New England Antislavery Society. When the Civil War broke out, he continued to blast the Constitution as a pro-slavery document. When the civil war ended, he at last saw the abolition of slavery. He div died May 24, 1879 in New York City.

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Frederick Augustus Washington Bailey called Frederick Douglass was born in 1817 or 1818 (we don’t know exactly) and died on February, 20 of 1895 in Washington DC.
He was speaker publisher and American official. In his young life, he was a slave, but he managed to be educated and run away.

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He was président the USA between 1860 and 1864. He abolished slavery in 1865. He was assassinated 5 days after winning the war sécession.

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HIs real name was Frederick Augustus Washington Bailey. He was born as a slave towards 1818 and died the 20 of February in 1895. He learn everything by himself and escape to become an abolitionist, an orator and an American civil servant.
His fame put his freedom at stake in north states, he ran away to Europe.  Douglass was one of the 7th men of the historian to transfer money against slavery.

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Frederick Douglass Washington born in 1817 or 1818 and died in 1895 in Washington DC. He was a slave but he escapted in New York. He became famous thanks to his struggle for the rights of women,slaves and the importance of the education.

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Araminta Ross, known as Harriet Tubman and named «Grandmother Moses » was an American abolitionist and political activist. She was born on the 29th of January 1822 into and she was escaped and help almost 70 enslaved people to using the network of antislavery activists and safe houses known as the Underground Railroad.She helped John Brown, and she was an activist in the struggle for women's Suffrage. She died on the 10th march of 1913.

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Lucie : Frederick Douglass, born Frederick Augustus Washington Bailey in 1817 or 1818, and died February 20, 1895 in Washington DC [1], is an American speaker, abolitionist, publisher and civil servant.Participating in an abolitionist meeting in 1841, he is invited to recount his experience.During the Civil War (1861-1865), he advised President Lincoln and then continued to fight for the rights of former slaves and women and the importance of education. He held several political positions, ending his career as Consul General for Haiti (1889-1891).