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In 1896, Plessy vs Ferguson created "separate but equal". The problem was, the colored only areas were never equal to the white only areas. In 1954 came about the Brown vs Board of Education. In this ruling,
it was decided that there will no longer be segregation in schools, since the colored only schools were normally underfunded compared to white only schools so the children were not receiving the same education. But not everyone was willing to integrate the two races.

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On December 1, 1955 Rosa Parks was arrested for refusing to give up her seat on the bus for a white man. Because of this, all African Americans in Alabama decided to boycott buses. This destroyed the busing system in Alabama since African Americans were the source of most buses economy. For thirteen months African Americans walked to work instead of taking public transport. November 21, 1956 the US Supreme Court ruled segregation on buses to be unconstitutional.

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The Birmingham Campaign: April-June 1963

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The Birmingham Campaign: April-June 1963

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In April 1963, MLK Jr. and the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SLCL) joined Rev. Shuttlesworth and the Alabama Christian Movement for Human Rights (ACMHR). Their plan was to protest the city's segregation system. It was the first community-wide non-violent campaign run by the SLCL. At this event, Police Commissioner Eugene Conner and his men released police dogs, high power fire hoses, and beating the protestors with clubs. After images of the police officers beating children were released, Burke Marshall was sent to negotiate between the Black civilians and city leaders. This negotiation agreed to desegregate lunch counters, restrooms, drinking fountains, and department store fitting rooms. The also had to hire black salesmen and clerks, then released hundreds of jail protestors on bond.

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The Freedom Summer was a 1964 voter registration that was sponsored by the Congress on Racial Equality (CORE), the Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) and more.  Hundreds of mostly white northern college students traveled to Mississippi in order to assist African American voter registration.
During this registration, the KKK, police, state and local authorities carried out violent attacks against the voters such as arson and beatings. While there, two white New Yorkers and a black Mississippian were killed. Their names were Michael Schwerner, James Chaney, and Andrew Goodman.

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Black Power popularized armed self-defense, black nationalism, and separation over inter-racialism. The term "Black Power" was created by Stokely Carmichael, a Civil Rights activist. A big symbol of Black Power was the Black Power Fist. It symbolizes solidarity, defiance and support between anyone in the movement. This movement pretty much ended at the end of the 1960's when the Vietnam War began to worsen and take more focus.

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Stokely Carmichael - Black Power Speech 1966 (1_7).mp4