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The 10th Mountain Division was founded in 1918 and was originally created as a regular and national army for World War I but never went overseas and was demobilized in February 1919.

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The 10th Mountain Division was a national division. Due to the spread out mountainous training, the separate sections of  the division were divided, but because of the rigorous and thorough training and good leadership, they were able to come together and work successfully.

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The 10th Mountain Division was equipped with vehicles specialized in snow operation, such as the M29 Weasel, and winter weather gear, such as white camouflage and skis specifically designed for the division. The division practiced its rock climbing skills in preparation for the invasion of Italy on the challenging peaks of Seneca Rocks in West Virginia.

The division sailed for Italy in two parts on 11 December aboard the SS Argentina and arrived in Naples, Italy on 22 December. The 85th and 87th Infantry left Hampton Roads, Virginia on 4 January 1945 aboard the SS West Point arriving on 13 January 1945. By 6 January, its support units were preparing to head to the front lines. By 8 January, the 86th Infantry had moved to Bagni di Lucca near Mount Belvedere in preparation for an offensive by the Fifth Army to capture the mountain along with surrounding high ground, which allowed the Axis to block advances to Po Valley. Starting 14 January, the division began moving to Pisa as part of the Fifth Army massing for this attack.

By January 20, 1945, all three of the 10th’s regiments were on or near the front line between the Serchio Valley and Mt. Belvedere. Col. Raymond C. Barlow commanded the 85th Regiment, Col. Clarence M. Tomlinson the 86th, and Col. David M. Fowler the 87th.

Defensive actions in February were followed by Encore Operation, a series of attacks in conjunction with troops of the 1st Brazilian Infantry Division, to dislodge the Germans from their artillery positions in the Northern Apennines on the border between Tuscany and Emilia-Romagna regions, in order to make the Allied advance over the Po Valley. While the Brazilian division was in charge of taking Monte Castello and Castelnuovo di Vergato, the 10th Mountain Division was responsible for the Mount Belvedere area, climbing nearby Riva Ridge during the night of 18 February and attacking mount Della Torraccia on 20 February. These peaks were cleared after four days of heavy fighting, as Axis troops launched several counterattacks.

After an amphibious crossing of Lake Garda, it secured Gargnano and Porto di Tremosine, on 30 April, as German resistance in Italy ended. After the German surrender in Italy on 2 May 1945, the division went on security duty. On 5 May 1945 the Division reached Nauders, Austria, beyond the Resia Pass, where it came across German forces being pushed south by the U.S. Seventh Army. The enemy headquarters involved had completed their surrender to the Seventh. On the 6th, 10th Mountain Division troops met the 44th Infantry Division of the Seventh Army. Between the 2nd and Victory in Europe Day on 8 May the 10th Mountain Division received the surrender of various German units and secured areas of occupation near Trieste, Kobarid, Bovec and Log pod Mangartom, Slovenia. The division moved to attack Udine on 20 May and joined the British Eighth Army in preventing further westward movement of ground forces from the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia.

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The 10th Mountain Division was awarded two campaign streamers in World War II, one campaign streamer for Somalia, and four campaign streamers in the War on Terrorism for a total of seven campaign streamers and three unit decorations in its operational history.

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In June 1948, the division was rebuilt and activated at Fort Riley, Kansas to serve as a training division. Without its "Mountain" tab, the division served as the 10th Infantry Division for ten years. The unit was charged with processing and training replacements in large numbers. This mission was expanded with the Korean War in 1950. By 1953, the division had trained 123,000 new Army recruits at Fort Riley.

On 13 February 1985, the 10th Mountain Division (Light Infantry) was reactivated at Fort Drum, New York.

Following the 11 September 2001 attacks, elements of the division, including its special troops battalion and the 1-87th Infantry deployed to Afghanistan as part of Operation Enduring Freedom in late 2001.

In 2003 and into 2004, the division's aviation brigade deployed for the first time to Afghanistan.

The division headquarters, 3rd Brigade Combat Team and two Battalion Task Forces from the 4th Brigade Combat Team deployed to Afghanistan in 2006, staying in the country until 2007. The division and brigade served in the eastern region of the country, along the border with Pakistan, fulfilling a similar role as it did during its previous deployment. During this time, the deployment of the brigade was extended along with that of the 4th Brigade, 82nd Airborne Division. After a one-year rest, the headquarters of the 10th Mountain Division was deployed to Iraq for the first time in April 2008. The division headquarters served as the command element for southern Baghdad until late March 2009, when it displaced to Basrah to replace departing British forces on 31 March 2009 to coordinate security for the Multinational Division-South area of responsibility, a consolidation of the previously Polish-led south central and British-led southeast operational areas. The division has served on and off since then in Iraq and Afghanistan.

They have been changed back and forth from an infantry to a mountain division throughout the years and have drastically changed their image/uniform.

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George Hays: 2 silver stars

John D. Magrath: first soldier from this division to receive a medal of honor because of his leading example during the Po Valley Mission.
This shows the division's success because of their ability to move and accomplish tasks quickly. Hays became very decorated, showing that he was successful and effective leader.

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Another important leader was George Prince Hays. He was a United States Army general who served during World War I and World War II. He earned the Medal of Honor as a young artillery officer during the Second Battle of the Marne in World War I. During World War II, he commanded the 10th Mountain Division in the last few months of the Italian Campaign.
In late November 1944, after returning to the U.S., Hays took over the 10th Mountain Division when its commander, Lloyd E. Jones, fell ill. After training, the division arrived in Italy in January and fought throughout the spring offensive.
- BEcause of his ability to keep his soldiers focused on the large goal through adversity and past military experience, he was a wise and effective leader.

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The colors were chosen to help soldiers blend into the areas and environments that they fought in. The insignia had two swords and the word mountain to represent where they fought/what they were called and what they often fought with. Each man carried bayonets, but also swords/smaller knives for hand to hand combat if needed. They often had to go into "survivor" mode to adapt to where they were during the war.

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The 10th Mountain Division had two nicknames. One of them being Alpine, due to the cold, mountainous conditions that they trained and fought in. The second "nickname" so to say was Light Infantry, which was a name given to them during the end of WW1 because of their original purpose that they had. During WW2 however, the name also represented their white uniforms that they often wore during combat.

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“Learn About the 10th Mountain Division.” 10th Mountain Division Info, 10thmountaindivisioninfo.com/.

“Lloyd E. Jones.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 16 Nov. 2018, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lloyd_E._Jones.

“Welcome to the 10th Mountain Division Huts.” The Friends Hut, www.huts.org/.

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Commander Lloyd E. Jones was a United States Army major general. A veteran of World War I, he was prominent during World War II as commander of the Alaska Defense Command's Amchitka Task Force and the 10th Mountain Division.

From July 1943 to November 1944 he commanded the 10th Mountain Division during its initial organization, training, and preparation for combat. During this command he was promoted to major general.

Because of his past military experiences, ability to hold his soldiers to a high standard during training, and innovative thinking, he was able to prepare soldiers to be the best that they could in combat.