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All around the globe where wolf exists a very common type of prey for the pack is ungulates. One very typical example is the different species of deer that exist. Herds of deer go hand to hand with packs of wolves.

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Bonelli’s eagles, rabbits and partridges

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Bonelli’s eagles, rabbits and partridges

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Bonelli’s eagle is a large bird of prey that lives around the Mediterranean and eastwards in Asia in Iran, Arabia, Oman, Turkmenistan, India, southern China, Pakistan. In Greece more than 50% of it lives in Islands. Its main diet is rabbits and partridges.

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Red Palm Weevil Originates from tropical Asia. The last almost 30 years has invaded the Mediterranean. Palm trees are it favorable host. In Crete where I come from you can see its impact all around the island. It is estimated that it has affected 4000 palm tree in city parks and private residents (Mine included!). From  the 4,000 trees affected by the beetle in Crete, two belong to the species Washingtonia robusta, two in the endemic palm tree, P.theophrasti, a young one-meter high and the rest belong to the Canary Phoenix canariensis palm.

source
http://www.nagref.gr/journals/ethg/images/39/ethg39p10-12.pdf

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The new parasite from the genus Haplosporidium the has spread all around the Mediterranean is causing massive deaths of the endemic pen shell (Pinna nobilis).  That has been classified as a species of Community Interest in need of strict protection by the European Habitats Directive and as an Endangered Species by the Protocol Concerning Specially Protected Areas and Biological Diversity in the Mediterranean from the Barcelona Convention. A study carried out by the Balearic Oceanographic Center of the Spanish Institute of Oceanography has concluded that in most of the Spanish Mediterranean coast there are high mortality rates, up to 100% in some points, especially in the populations of Andalusia, Murcia, Valencia Community and Balearic Islands.

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As we have seen in “how wolves changed rivers” the lack of wolves can result to the overpopulation of large herbivores which means overgrazed areas and no forest regeneration. The wolf’s ecological niche is to keep its prey’s numbers from overpopulating.

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According to this study Brown bears (Ursus arctos) as ecological engineers: the prospective role of trees damaged by bears in forest ecosystems Brown bears by foraging on hardwood, create new niches for resident biota, especially for saproxylic insects and woodpeckers. In addition, field observations showed that trees wounded by bears can be used for different purposes by other organisms Fungi, amphibians, and mammals are the groups that also use wounded trees for feeding, breeding, or concealment.

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Niche Partitioning between European avian scavengers

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Niche Partitioning between European avian scavengers

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According to this study Behavioral coexistence and feeding efficiency drive niche partitioning in European avian scavengers Morphology determines carrying ability of carrion: species with more pointed beaks and a greater prehensile ability took more pieces away. Facultative scavengers preferred more abundant and soft parts of the carcasses as opposed to specialized vultures.

Source : https://academic.oup.com/beheco/article/27/4/1041/1743259

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Resource partitioning in two heterochronic populations of Greek Alpine newts, Triturus alpestris veluchiensis

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Resource partitioning in two heterochronic populations of Greek Alpine newts, Triturus alpestris veluchiensis

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According to the study “Resource partitioning in two heterochronic populations of Greek Alpine newts, Triturus alpestris veluchiensis” by Mathieu Denoëla, & Robert Schabetsbergerb
Paedomorphs focused mainly on pelagic crustaceans, whereas metamorphs foraged more on terrestrial invertebrates at the water surface. Two populations of the Greek Alpine newt Triturus alpestris veluchiensis living in fishless alpine lakes were studied. One is located in the Tymphi Mountains and the other in the Smolikas mountains.

Source : https://orbi.uliege.be/bitstream/2268/3029/2/Acta_Oecol_2003-author-version.pdf