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Definition: A natural process whereby geological features are modified.

Examples: Erosion, volcanism, tectonics.

Paraphrased Definition: The natural procedure that causes the Earth's terrain to alter.

Used in a sentence: The eruption of a volcano is a geological process.

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Definition: The action of the weather conditions in altering the colour, texture, composition, or form of exposed objects, specifically the physical disintegration and chemical decomposition of earth materials at or near the earth's surface.

Examples: Wind and water cause rocks to break off of surfaces which causes the size to reduce.

Paraphrased Definition: Through chemical or physical processes rocks are disintegrated into smaller pieces.

Used in a sentence: Many landforms are created by the process of weathering.

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Definition: A type of weathering in which surface soil and rock are worn away through the action of glaciers, water, and wind.

Examples: Coastal erosions, canyons, caves, river banks.

Paraphrased Definition: The transportation and movement of rocks that have been crumbled into small pieces (weathering).

Used in a sentence: The Grand Canyon had been heavily affected by erosion.

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Definition: Formed by the cooling and solidifying of molten materials.

Examples: Basalt, obsidian, pumice, gabbro, tuff, granite, diorite, andesite.

Paraphrased Definition: The cooling and solidification of erupted lava or magma creates a volcanic rock called igneous rock.

Used in a sentence: Approximately 95% of the upper section of the Earth's crust comprise of igneous rock.

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Definition: Form by the crystallisation of magma when it reaches the surface of the Earth.

Examples: Obsidian, rhyolite, basalt, andesite.

Paraphrased Definition: When magma reaches the Earth's surface it quickly cools, forming extrusive rock.

Used in a sentence: Extrusive rocks are characterised by their fine-grained texture.

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Definition: Rock that was once one form of rock but has changed to another under the influence of heat, pressure, or some other agent without passing through a liquid phase.

Examples: Anthracite, quartzite, marble, slate, granulite, gneiss, schist.

Paraphrased Definition: A rock that has been changed by extreme heat and pressure.

Used in a sentence: The appearance of metamorphic rocks are layered/banded.

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Definition: An idealised cycle of processes undergone by rocks in the earth's crust, involving igneous intrusion, uplift, erosion, transportation, deposition as sedimentary rock, metamorphism, and further melting and igneous intrusion.

Examples: The transformation between igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic rocks.

Paraphrased Definition: A continuous process in which rocks are being changed from one to the other, then destroyed, then once again forming.

Used in a sentence: The rock cycle can take up to millions of years.

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Definition: Formed from magma forced into older rocks at depths within the Earth's crust, which then slowly solidifies below the Earth's surface.

Examples: Gabbro, pegmatite, diorite, granite, peridotite.

Paraphrased Definition: Is formed beneath the Earth's surface by the crystallisation of magma.

Used in a sentence: Nearly all intrusive rocks have considerably large, well-formed crystals.

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Definition: Materials or substances occurring in nature which can be exploited for economic gain.

Examples: Air, water, wood, oil, wind energy, natural gas, iron, coal.

Paraphrased Definition: Naturally occurring items, materials or substances from the environment.

Used in a sentence: If we continued to use oil, a natural resource, at the rate we are using it now, we may exhaust the supply of this natural resource.

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Definition: Rock that has formed through the deposition and solidification of sediment, especially sediment transported by water (rivers, lakes, and oceans), ice (glaciers), and wind.

Examples: Conglomerate, breccia, limestone, sandstone, shale.

Paraphrased Definition: The deposition of weathered remains of other rocks or once-living organisms forms sedimentary rock.

Used in a sentence: Sedimentary rocks are always created in layers called 'beds' or 'strata''.

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Definition: A natural fuel such as coal or gas, formed in the geological past from the remains of living organisms.

Examples: Coal, oil, natural gas, petroleum.

Paraphrased Definition: Naturally existing fuel in which has been created by the remains of once-living organisms.

Used in a sentence: One of the contributors and factors of global warming is the burning of fossil fuels.

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