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(Rameen Waseem 6-Blue)
Adaption to Swimming in Water

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KHADEEJA MISAAL KHAN     6-BLUE

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ADAPTATION TO COLD TEMPERATURAntarctic animals are exposed to some of the coldest environments on earth. Animals survive in these harsh conditions by reducing the percentage of body heat that is lost to the environment. This can be by physical means (generally evolved over many generations) or patterns of behaviour.Physical adaptationsThick, windproof or waterproof coatsMany Antarctic animals have either a windproof or waterproof coat. Emperor penguins are a very good example of this. These birds have four layers of scale-like feathers. These layers overlap each other, forming a good protection from the wind, even in blizzard conditions.Thick fat (or blubber) layersWhales, seals and some penguins have thick fat layers. These fat layers act like insulation, trapping body heat in. This is a little like wrapping yourself in a blanket, but on the inside. In some animals this is even further refined, with the animals selectively able to reduce blood flow to the blubber layers. The further the blood is from the skin surface, the less heat is lost.Blubber layers can also be used as an energy reserve, for example male elephant seals can live off their fat reserves during summer.Small ‘extremities’The term extremities is used to mean any body part that is removed from the main body. In humans, our hands and feet count as ‘extremities’. These are often the first places to feel cold in winter. The same applies for animals. Emperor penguins have a very small bill and flippers, which means less blood is required to these areas, thus less heat is lost.Specialised adaptations by emperor penguinsEmperor penguins are highly adapted to cold environments – and as the only animal that breeds during the Antarctic winter, they need to be. In addition to the adaptations described above, emperor penguins also have nasal chambers which recover much of the heat lost through breathing, and closely aligned veins and arteries, which enable these birds to recycle their own body heat.Behavioural adaptationsAs with the physical adaptations, emperor penguins have unique behavioural adaptations that enable them to survive the harsh winter. Emperor penguins form large huddles. Not only does this share body warmth, but it also shelters many of the penguins from the effects of the wind. By alternating which penguins are exposed to the wind, this benefit is shared equally amongst the group. Huddling can reduce heat loss by up to 50%.

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ADAPTATION TO COLD TEMPERATURAntarctic animals are exposed to some of the coldest environments on earth. Animals survive in these harsh conditions by reducing the percentage of body heat that is lost to the environment. This can be by physical means (generally evolved over many generations) or patterns of behaviour.Physical adaptationsThick, windproof or waterproof coatsMany Antarctic animals have either a windproof or waterproof coat. Emperor penguins are a very good example of this. These birds have four layers of scale-like feathers. These layers overlap each other, forming a good protection from the wind, even in blizzard conditions.Thick fat (or blubber) layersWhales, seals and some penguins have thick fat layers. These fat layers act like insulation, trapping body heat in. This is a little like wrapping yourself in a blanket, but on the inside. In some animals this is even further refined, with the animals selectively able to reduce blood flow to the blubber layers. The further the blood is from the skin surface, the less heat is lost.Blubber layers can also be used as an energy reserve, for example male elephant seals can live off their fat reserves during summer.Small ‘extremities’The term extremities is used to mean any body part that is removed from the main body. In humans, our hands and feet count as ‘extremities’. These are often the first places to feel cold in winter. The same applies for animals. Emperor penguins have a very small bill and flippers, which means less blood is required to these areas, thus less heat is lost.Specialised adaptations by emperor penguinsEmperor penguins are highly adapted to cold environments – and as the only animal that breeds during the Antarctic winter, they need to be. In addition to the adaptations described above, emperor penguins also have nasal chambers which recover much of the heat lost through breathing, and closely aligned veins and arteries, which enable these birds to recycle their own body heat.Behavioural adaptationsAs with the physical adaptations, emperor penguins have unique behavioural adaptations that enable them to survive the harsh winter. Emperor penguins form large huddles. Not only does this share body warmth, but it also shelters many of the penguins from the effects of the wind. By alternating which penguins are exposed to the wind, this benefit is shared equally amongst the group. Huddling can reduce heat loss by up to 50%.

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Zainab tariq
VI-silver

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Antarctic animals are exposed to some of the coldest environments on earth. Animals survive in these harsh conditions by reducing the percentage of body heat that is lost to the environment. This can be by physical means (generally evolved over many generations) or patterns of behaviour.Physical adaptationsThick, windproof or waterproof coatsMany Antarctic animals have either a windproof or waterproof coat. Emperor penguins are a very good example of this. These birds have four layers of scale-like feathers. These layers overlap each other, forming a good protection from the wind, even in blizzard conditions.Thick fat (or blubber) layersWhales, seals and some penguins have thick fat layers. These fat layers act like insulation, trapping body heat in. This is a little like wrapping yourself in a blanket, but on the inside. In some animals this is even further refined, with the animals selectively able to reduce blood flow to the blubber layers. The further the blood is from the skin surface, the less heat is lost.Blubber layers can also be used as an energy reserve, for example male elephant seals can live off their fat reserves during summer.Small ‘extremities’The term extremities is used to mean any body part that is removed from the main body. In humans, our hands and feet count as ‘extremities’. These are often the first places to feel cold in winter. The same applies for animals. Emperor penguins have a very small bill and flippers, which means less blood is required to these areas, thus less heat is lost.Specialised adaptations by emperor penguinsEmperor penguins are highly adapted to cold environments – and as the only animal that breeds during the Antarctic winter, they need to be. In addition to the adaptations described above, emperor penguins also have nasal chambers which recover much of the heat lost through breathing, and closely aligned veins and arteries, which enable these birds to recycle their own body heat.Behavioural adaptationsAs with the physical adaptations, emperor penguins have unique behavioural adaptations that enable them to survive the harsh winter. Emperor penguins form large huddles. Not only does this share body warmth, but it also shelters many of the penguins from the effects of the wind. By alternating which penguins are exposed to the wind, this benefit is shared equally amongst the group. Huddling can reduce heat loss by up to 50%.

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Antarctic animals are exposed to some of the coldest environments on earth. Animals survive in these harsh conditions by reducing the percentage of body heat that is lost to the environment. This can be by physical means (generally evolved over many generations) or patterns of behaviour.Physical adaptationsThick, windproof or waterproof coatsMany Antarctic animals have either a windproof or waterproof coat. Emperor penguins are a very good example of this. These birds have four layers of scale-like feathers. These layers overlap each other, forming a good protection from the wind, even in blizzard conditions.Thick fat (or blubber) layersWhales, seals and some penguins have thick fat layers. These fat layers act like insulation, trapping body heat in. This is a little like wrapping yourself in a blanket, but on the inside. In some animals this is even further refined, with the animals selectively able to reduce blood flow to the blubber layers. The further the blood is from the skin surface, the less heat is lost.Blubber layers can also be used as an energy reserve, for example male elephant seals can live off their fat reserves during summer.Small ‘extremities’The term extremities is used to mean any body part that is removed from the main body. In humans, our hands and feet count as ‘extremities’. These are often the first places to feel cold in winter. The same applies for animals. Emperor penguins have a very small bill and flippers, which means less blood is required to these areas, thus less heat is lost.Specialised adaptations by emperor penguinsEmperor penguins are highly adapted to cold environments – and as the only animal that breeds during the Antarctic winter, they need to be. In addition to the adaptations described above, emperor penguins also have nasal chambers which recover much of the heat lost through breathing, and closely aligned veins and arteries, which enable these birds to recycle their own body heat.Behavioural adaptationsAs with the physical adaptations, emperor penguins have unique behavioural adaptations that enable them to survive the harsh winter. Emperor penguins form large huddles. Not only does this share body warmth, but it also shelters many of the penguins from the effects of the wind. By alternating which penguins are exposed to the wind, this benefit is shared equally amongst the group. Huddling can reduce heat loss by up to 50%.

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Zainab tari

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Antarctic animals are exposed to some of the coldest environments on earth. Animals survive in these harsh conditions by reducing the percentage of body heat that is lost to the environment. This can be by physical means (generally evolved over many generations) or patterns of behaviour.Physical adaptationsThick, windproof or waterproof coatsMany Antarctic animals have either a windproof or waterproof coat. Emperor penguins are a very good example of this. These birds have four layers of scale-like feathers. These layers overlap each other, forming a good protection from the wind, even in blizzard conditions.Thick fat (or blubber) layersWhales, seals and some penguins have thick fat layers. These fat layers act like insulation, trapping body heat in. This is a little like wrapping yourself in a blanket, but on the inside. In some animals this is even further refined, with the animals selectively able to reduce blood flow to the blubber layers. The further the blood is from the skin surface, the less heat is lost.Blubber layers can also be used as an energy reserve, for example male elephant seals can live off their fat reserves during summer.Small ‘extremities’The term extremities is used to mean any body part that is removed from the main body. In humans, our hands and feet count as ‘extremities’. These are often the first places to feel cold in winter. The same applies for animals. Emperor penguins have a very small bill and flippers, which means less blood is required to these areas, thus less heat is lost.Specialised adaptations by emperor penguinsEmperor penguins are highly adapted to cold environments – and as the only animal that breeds during the Antarctic winter, they need to be. In addition to the adaptations described above, emperor penguins also have nasal chambers which recover much of the heat lost through breathing, and closely aligned veins and arteries, which enable these birds to recycle their own body heat.Behavioural adaptationsAs with the physical adaptations, emperor penguins have unique behavioural adaptations that enable them to survive the harsh winter. Emperor penguins form large huddles. Not only does this share body warmth, but it also shelters many of the penguins from the effects of the wind. By alternating which penguins are exposed to the wind, this benefit is shared equally amongst the group. Huddling can reduce heat loss by up to 50%.

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Antarctic animals are exposed to some of the coldest environments on earth. Animals survive in these harsh conditions by reducing the percentage of body heat that is lost to the environment. This can be by physical means (generally evolved over many generations) or patterns of behaviour.Physical adaptationsThick, windproof or waterproof coatsMany Antarctic animals have either a windproof or waterproof coat. Emperor penguins are a very good example of this. These birds have four layers of scale-like feathers. These layers overlap each other, forming a good protection from the wind, even in blizzard conditions.Thick fat (or blubber) layersWhales, seals and some penguins have thick fat layers. These fat layers act like insulation, trapping body heat in. This is a little like wrapping yourself in a blanket, but on the inside. In some animals this is even further refined, with the animals selectively able to reduce blood flow to the blubber layers. The further the blood is from the skin surface, the less heat is lost.Blubber layers can also be used as an energy reserve, for example male elephant seals can live off their fat reserves during summer.Small ‘extremities’The term extremities is used to mean any body part that is removed from the main body. In humans, our hands and feet count as ‘extremities’. These are often the first places to feel cold in winter. The same applies for animals. Emperor penguins have a very small bill and flippers, which means less blood is required to these areas, thus less heat is lost.Specialised adaptations by emperor penguinsEmperor penguins are highly adapted to cold environments – and as the only animal that breeds during the Antarctic winter, they need to be. In addition to the adaptations described above, emperor penguins also have nasal chambers which recover much of the heat lost through breathing, and closely aligned veins and arteries, which enable these birds to recycle their own body heat.Behavioural adaptationsAs with the physical adaptations, emperor penguins have unique behavioural adaptations that enable them to survive the harsh winter. Emperor penguins form large huddles. Not only does this share body warmth, but it also shelters many of the penguins from the effects of the wind. By alternating which penguins are exposed to the wind, this benefit is shared equally amongst the group. Huddling can reduce heat loss by up to 50%.

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Zainab tariq

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Antarctic animals are exposed to some of the coldest environments on earth. Animals survive in these harsh conditions by reducing the percentage of body heat that is lost to the environment. This can be by physical means (generally evolved over many generations) or patterns of behaviour.Physical adaptationsThick, windproof or waterproof coatsMany Antarctic animals have either a windproof or waterproof coat. Emperor penguins are a very good example of this. These birds have four layers of scale-like feathers. These layers overlap each other, forming a good protection from the wind, even in blizzard conditions.Thick fat (or blubber) layersWhales, seals and some penguins have thick fat layers. These fat layers act like insulation, trapping body heat in. This is a little like wrapping yourself in a blanket, but on the inside. In some animals this is even further refined, with the animals selectively able to reduce blood flow to the blubber layers. The further the blood is from the skin surface, the less heat is lost.Blubber layers can also be used as an energy reserve, for example male elephant seals can live off their fat reserves during summer.Small ‘extremities’The term extremities is used to mean any body part that is removed from the main body. In humans, our hands and feet count as ‘extremities’. These are often the first places to feel cold in winter. The same applies for animals. Emperor penguins have a very small bill and flippers, which means less blood is required to these areas, thus less heat is lost.Specialised adaptations by emperor penguinsEmperor penguins are highly adapted to cold environments – and as the only animal that breeds during the Antarctic winter, they need to be. In addition to the adaptations described above, emperor penguins also have nasal chambers which recover much of the heat lost through breathing, and closely aligned veins and arteries, which enable these birds to recycle their own body heat.Behavioural adaptationsAs with the physical adaptations, emperor penguins have unique behavioural adaptations that enable them to survive the harsh winter. Emperor penguins form large huddles. Not only does this share body warmth, but it also shelters many of the penguins from the effects of the wind. By alternating which penguins are exposed to the wind, this benefit is shared equally amongst the group. Huddling can reduce heat loss by up to 50%.

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Antarctic animals are exposed to some of the coldest environments on earth. Animals survive in these harsh conditions by reducing the percentage of body heat that is lost to the environment. This can be by physical means (generally evolved over many generations) or patterns of behaviour.Physical adaptationsThick, windproof or waterproof coatsMany Antarctic animals have either a windproof or waterproof coat. Emperor penguins are a very good example of this. These birds have four layers of scale-like feathers. These layers overlap each other, forming a good protection from the wind, even in blizzard conditions.Thick fat (or blubber) layersWhales, seals and some penguins have thick fat layers. These fat layers act like insulation, trapping body heat in. This is a little like wrapping yourself in a blanket, but on the inside. In some animals this is even further refined, with the animals selectively able to reduce blood flow to the blubber layers. The further the blood is from the skin surface, the less heat is lost.Blubber layers can also be used as an energy reserve, for example male elephant seals can live off their fat reserves during summer.Small ‘extremities’The term extremities is used to mean any body part that is removed from the main body. In humans, our hands and feet count as ‘extremities’. These are often the first places to feel cold in winter. The same applies for animals. Emperor penguins have a very small bill and flippers, which means less blood is required to these areas, thus less heat is lost.Specialised adaptations by emperor penguinsEmperor penguins are highly adapted to cold environments – and as the only animal that breeds during the Antarctic winter, they need to be. In addition to the adaptations described above, emperor penguins also have nasal chambers which recover much of the heat lost through breathing, and closely aligned veins and arteries, which enable these birds to recycle their own body heat.Behavioural adaptationsAs with the physical adaptations, emperor penguins have unique behavioural adaptations that enable them to survive the harsh winter. Emperor penguins form large huddles. Not only does this share body warmth, but it also shelters many of the penguins from the effects of the wind. By alternating which penguins are exposed to the wind, this benefit is shared equally amongst the group. Huddling can reduce heat loss by up to 50%.

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Adaptation of plants to obtain water?
plants that are adapted to very dry environments are called xerophytes. Aquatic plants require special adaptations for living sudmerged in water or at the water's surface. The mast common adaptation is aerenchy but floating leaves and finely dissectedma leaves are also common.Aquatic in soil that is permanetly saturatrd with water.Examples of plant adapted for its underwater environment. cacti are adapted for the desert environment.

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Q:Adaptations of organism for obtaining light?
Ans: Adaptations of organism for obtaining  light are:
Big and sensitive eyes
Tendrils
Big leaves
Clasping roots
Air spaces

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Rahat Zaheer VI-Blue

Adaptation for the amount of light?

Some organisms  are active during the day while others are active during the night

Here are some adaptations to the amount of light

Large and sensitive eyes enable to see better in the dark and easy to catch its prey at night for example:owls,cats etc.

Other than animals plants also need light to carry out photosynthesis .

Here are adaptations to the amount of light for plants

Their long clasping roots climb up on the trees to reach light and carry out photosynthesis

Other plants such as vines have stems which can twine or bend around tall trees.and some vines have tendrils to help them climb.

These are the adaptations to the amount of light

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Adaptation For Swimming In Water?
Aquatic animals also need oxygen to live.

They have to breathe in oxygen that is dissolved in water or from the air above the water using these structural adaptations:

·         Gills

·         Gill chambers

·         Skin

·         Air tubes

·         Air bubbles

·         Special nostrils

·         Blowholes

GILLS

Animals that breathe in dissolved oxygen usually have gills. When oxygen-rich water passes over the gills, the dissolved oxygen is absorbed and carbon dioxide is given out.

GILL CHAMBERS

Some animals breathe with gills but they can also stay out of water for short periods of time. This is because they have gill chambers to store water for breathing on land.

SKIN

Some animals use their skin to take in oxygen that is dissolved in water. Examples include frogs and toads.

AIR TUBE

Many aquatic insects cannot take in dissolved oxygen. They have to take in oxygen from the air. They have air tubes or breathing tubes that extend from their bodies and stick out above the water surface.

AIR BUBBLE

Some aquatic insects have adapted wings, legs, or hairy bodies to trap air bubbles. In this way, they carry their own supply of air and can dive into water to hunt for food.

SPECIAL NOSTRILS

Mammals that spend a lot of time in water have nostrils at the top of their snouts. When they want to breathe, they push their nostrils above the water surface.

BLOWHOLE

Some aquatic animals have special nostrils called blowholes at the top of their heads. The blowhole enables them to breathe even when most of the body is underwater, only with the blowhole above the water surface.

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Adaptation for breathing under water?
Aquatic animals also need oxygen to live.

They have to breathe in oxygen that is dissolved in water or from the air above the water using these structural adaptations:

·         Gills

·         Gill chambers

·         Skin

·         Air tubes

·         Air bubbles

·         Special nostrils

·         Blowholes

GILLS

Animals that breathe in dissolved oxygen usually have gills. When oxygen-rich water passes over the gills, the dissolved oxygen is absorbed and carbon dioxide is given out.

GILL CHAMBERS

Some animals breathe with gills but they can also stay out of water for short periods of time. This is because they have gill chambers to store water for breathing on land.

SKIN

Some animals use their skin to take in oxygen that is dissolved in water. Examples include frogs and toads.

AIR TUBE

Many aquatic insects cannot take in dissolved oxygen. They have to take in oxygen from the air. They have air tubes or breathing tubes that extend from their bodies and stick out above the water surface.

AIR BUBBLE

Some aquatic insects have adapted wings, legs, or hairy bodies to trap air bubbles. In this way, they carry their own supply of air and can dive into water to hunt for food.

SPECIAL NOSTRILS

Mammals that spend a lot of time in water have nostrils at the top of their snouts. When they want to breathe, they push their nostrils above the water surface.

BLOWHOLE

Some aquatic animals have special nostrils called blowholes at the top of their heads. The blowhole enables them to breathe even when most of the body is underwater, only with the blowhole above the water surface.

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Living organisms have certain adaptations to survive in their habitat. Adaptations basically mean a 'feature or trait’ which helps an animal or plant survive in there habitat. For e.g. an polar bear has blubber to keep them warm and many other adaptations to live in Antarctic but camel doesnt has a layer of blubbe instead they has  a hump which help them store water because they dont have to live in cold places such as Antarctic. Different adaptations make different animals unique from others

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Adaptation of plants to obtain water:-
Plants that are adapted to very dry environments are called xerophytes. Their adaptations may help them increase water intake, decrease water loss, or store water when it is available.
Succulent plants store water in fleshy leaves, stems or roots. All cacti are succulents, as are such non-cactus desert dwellers as agave, aloe, elephant trees, and many euphorbias.
Water is found in the spaces between the soil particles. Water and mineral salts first enter through the cell wall and cell membrane of the root hair cell by osmosis. Root hair cells are outgrowths at the tips of plants' roots. They have thin walls to speed up the intake of water by osmosis.
Less leaf surface area results in reduced water lossthrough the epidermis. Small leaves have fewer stomata than larger leaves, and that adaptation also reduces water loss. Some dry-land plants have stomata only on the bottom epidermis, which further reducing water loss, and some have several layers of epidermal cells.

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Adaptations for obtaining light?
Some animals are active during the day while some are active during night and some of these animals have large eyes which are sensitive to small amounts of light.Some examples are owls,cats and fish.These adaptations are very helpful to them in moving around or catching their prey.
For photosynthesis plants need light.There is very less shade in or near the ground.For example money plant has clasping roots from which it can climb up the tree for more light for photosynthesis.

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Adaptations of plants to obtain water?                                                                                                                              1.Root hair: Thread like parts of a cells on the surface of roots to increase the surface area of observation of water and minerals.                                    2.Vascular tissues: Are made up of xylem  which transport water and mineral salts.                                      3.Solution in root cells is concentrated where as solution outside in soil is dilute,So water moves from dilute solution e.g soil towards the concentrated solution in root cells via Diffusion process.

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(Adaptation of breathing in water)
There are many aquatic animals . These animals need to breathe . These animals breathe by using many parts of there body.
•A fish uses its gills to brethe.It happens when the water goes inside the mouth ,then to gills and then out.
•A mammal e.g a dolphin or whale is not a fish and cannot breathe with its gills.It have blowhole which helps it breathe.
It can close the blowholes by using its muscles , when it goes inside water. It can stay long inside water.
•Other animals such as mosquito larva or water stick insect breathe through its air tube or breathing tube.

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Adaptations for breathing under water ?

Aquatic animals need oxygen to breathe . Some adaptations for breathing under water are :-

1- Gills :
Gill is an organ that extracts dissolved oxygen from water excretes carbon dioxide . Some animal have gills such as sharks and shrimps.

2- Skin :
Some animals use their skin to take in oxygen that is dissolved in water . Such skins are usually thin and soft . Some animals use gills such as aquatic warm , toads and flat worms.

3- Breathing tube :
It is a device or tool that can serve as conduit for breathing . Some animals use breathing tube such as insects cockroaches.

4-Nostril :
Mammals can only breathe in oxygen from the air through thier lungs . Mammals that spend a lot of time in water have nostril at the tip of their snout. Some animal use their nostril such as Seal and manatee.

5- Blow holes :
Some aquatic animals have special nostrils called blow holes on the top of their head . The blow holes enable them to breathe even their most of the body is in under water. Some animals such as whale and dolphin have blow holes.

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6-Silver
Topic 4: Adaptions for swimming in water.

Animals such as fish and sharks have fins to help them swim in water. They also have tails and streamline bodies to move more quickly in water. But some animals don't have fins for swimming. Animals such as seals and penguins have flippers for swimming. Some animals neither have fins nor flippers for swimming in water. Animals such as frogs and ducks have webbed feet for swimming.

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Adaptations of Organisms for obtaining light:
1. Some animals are active during the day light .
2. Animals which are nocturnal , such as a cat or an owl, they have large eyes so they can see in small amount of light easily.
3. These adaptations help them move around and catch their prey or escape from danger.
4. Plants need light to carry out photosynthesis.
5. There is very less light on or near the ground in the shade of rainforest trees.
6. The plants which are climbers and creepers climbing up a tree with the help of clasping roots , they get more sunlight to carry out photosynthesis.
7. Some plants such as, vines have        stems which can twine or bend around tall trees to reach for sunlight, some vines climb with the help of tendrils.
8. Aquatic plants need light too.Water hyacinth are floating plants they have air space inside the leave stalk , this air space allows them to float on the surface of the pond to obtain sunlight.

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Q:5.Adaptations for breathing under water.
Ans:Aquatic animals also need oxygen to live.They have to breath in oxygen that is dissolved in water or from the air above the water,using these structural adaptations:
.Gills
.Gill Chambers
.Skin
.Air tube
.Air bubble
.Special nostrils
.Blow hole

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6 silver
Animals have a variety  of  mechanisms  to keep themselves warm.

BLUBBER:is a thick layer of fat which helps animals living in cold temperatures keep  themselves warm.

Weight:weighting up to 1.5  tons helps surviving in cold climates/ temperatures .

Fur: there fur traps air which is an insulators so it keeps its body warm.

Dark Coloured Skin: They mostly have black coloured skin which traps sun rays.
White Coloured Skin : white appearance helps camouflage from prey on ice and snow.

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1) Fish and other equatic creatures like prowns, crabs have gills to have them breath underwater.
2) Some equatic insects like water scorpion take in oxeygen using breathing tube and they breath underwater.
3) The great dividing beetle and water spider have air bubbles on their body which help them to breath even underwater.

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1. Fish and some other aquatic animals have gills to help them breath in the water.
2. The sea mammals donot have gills infact they have lungs like us .
3. The sea mammals have breathing holes(nostrils) which are called blowholes on the top of thier heads to help them breath in air when they come up near the surface of water.
4. Some animals like water scorpion have breathing tubes which help them breath

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Adaptations of Organisms for obtaining Light:-
1- Large eyes which are sensitive to small amounts of light can help nocturnal animals to move around and catch their prey

2- With the help of clasping roots the plants can reach for more light to carry out photosynthesis.

3- Other plants such as vines have stems which can twin or bend around tall trees to reach for sunlight.

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2.Adaptations to Cold Temperature:
Animals like Penguins and Polar Bears are known to survive in very low temperatures and Whales and Seals are known to survive in very cold water. How can they survive in such places?
Penguins have to keep high body temperatures to remain active. They have thick skin and lots of fat (blubber) under their skin to keep warm in cold weather. They also huddle together with their friends to keep warm.
Polar bears live in the Arctic where the air and water temperatures are very cold. They have special adaptations, or features that help them live in that habitat, like webbed feet, a layer of fat, fur that helps them blend in and dry off, and black skin to absorb the Sun's heat.
Whales are warm blooded marine mammals that can tolerate cold water temperatures. Whales use blubber as an insulation layer to help maintain the energy and warmth when they dive to cool depths or travel to cold waters.
Seals are remarkably adapted to ocean living. These aquatic mammals have powerful sleek bodies that are encased in blubber and taper down into a tail.

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ADAPTATIONS TO COLD TEMPERATURE:
1: A white appearence as camouflage prey on the snow and ice.
2: Thick layers of fat and fur for insulation against the cold.
3: A small surface area to volume ratio , to minimise heat lose.
4: A greasy coat that sheds water after swimming.
5: Large furry feet to distribute their load and increase grip on the ice.
6: Closely packed feathers.

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Following Topics are assigned to the students. Each group will write on the wall about what they have explored about and what they have learned. Don't forget to write your Names and Sections.

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Following Topics are assigned to the students. Each group will write on the wall about what they have explored about and what they have learned. Don't forget to write your Names and Sections.

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1.    What are adaptations?

2.    Adaptations to cold temperature.

3.    Adaptations of organisms for obtaining light.

4.    Adaptations for swimming in water

5.    Adaptations for breathing under water

6.    Adaptations of plants to obtain water