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Works Cited

Hardy, Thomas. Tess of the D'Urbervilles. Mineola, Dover, 2001.

Shakespeare, William. King Lear. Edited by Roma Gill, Oxford UP. Oxford School Shakespeare.

Shelley, Mary. Frankenstein. Dover Thrift ed., Mineola, Dover Publications, 1994.

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The monster has wanted company ever since he was created and Viktor left rejected him. However when he tries to find company, his efforts backfire and the reactions of others lead him to act out in a rage

Humans need companions to share experiences with so the world becomes easier to understand

Engaging with others is vital, as it will not only benefit him, but also others around him.

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Reaction: Married Alec p.306

This act exemplifies how people will do anything, which in Tess’s case involves marrying a man who previously raped her, so as to not feel alone

Tess’s strong attachment to Angel leaves her longing for him when he leaves her. After weeks of being alone, Tess only longs for a companion to keep her company, regardless of if this person is Angel

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To Lear companionship is not something that he needs but something he desires; Goneril and Regan are so dismissive of his value of a person that he can’t get what he wants.

Men represent independence, individuality, choices, and possessions -> all of this would be stripped away if his closest companions were to be taken from him

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“But I cling to you in a way you cannot think! Can you not come to me now, at once, before anything terrible happens?... Oh, I know you cannot because you are so far away! I think I must die if you do not come soon or tell me to come to you.” pg. 271

“[hates] and [detests]” him (Hardy 42).

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In Thomas Hardy's Tess of the d'Urbervilles, Tess reacts irrationally after Angel leaves her by herself for Brazil.

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Regan: “You will return and sojourn with my sister, dismissing half your train…” pg. 54

Regan: “I entreat you to bring but five-and-twenty…” pg. 56

King Lear: “Allow not nature more than nature needs, man’s life is cheap as beast’s…” pg.56

To Lear companionship is not something that he needs but

King Lear: “No, you unnatural hags, I will have such revenges on you both that all the world shall– I will do such things, what they are, yet I know not, but they shall be the terrors of the earth.” pg. 57

After facing the threat of being alone, Lear reacts with this uncontrollable rage

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In William Shakespeare's King Lear, Goneril and Regan devastate King Lear after notifying him that he must get rid of his men, which prompt Lear to go insane.

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In Mary Shelley's Frankenstein, as Viktor Frankenstein's monster searches for human acceptance and embrace, his failed attempts at finding a companion ignite his rage and anger towards the human race.

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“...I was wretched, helpless, and alone. Many times I considered Satan as the fitter emblem of my condition.” p.92

“Satan had his companions, fellow-devils, to admire and encourage him; but I am solitary and abhorred.” pg. 93

“The more I saw of them, the greater became my desire to claim their protection and kindness; my heart yearned to be known and loved by these amiable creatures.” pg. 94

“These amiable people to whom I go have never seen me, and know little of me. I am full of fears, for if I fail there, I am an outcast in the world forever.” pg. 95

“To be friendless is indeed to be unfortunate.” pg. 95

“There was none among the myriads of men that existed who would pity or assist me; and should I feel kindness towards my enemies? No: from that moment I declared ever-lasting war…” pg. 97

Drowning girl pg. 101

William pg. 102

“I am alone and miserable; man will not associate with me; but one as deformed and horrible as myself would not deny herself to me… You must create a female for me, with whom I can live in the interchange of those sympathies necessary for my being.” pg. 104

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Excellent, Joy. What is the significance of this fear? Which quote are you answering? Make this implicit in your thesis. 

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Excellent, Joy. What is the significance of this fear? Which quote are you answering? Make this implicit in your thesis. 

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Characters in Shakespeare’s King Lear, Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein, and Thomas Hardy’s Tess of the d’Urbervilles drastically fail at their attempts to find companionship, exemplifying how one of man’s greatest fears of being alone arises from the fear of a missed opportunity, as Hannah Arendt explains, “to discuss with fellows” so “the things of the world become more human.”