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Color Morphology--- Gloss, grayish-white, translucent, Large zone beta hemolysis

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Color Morphology--- Gloss, grayish-white, translucent, Large zone beta hemolysis

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Streptococci are round non-motile and non-sporing bacteria that are in chains. "Streptos" is a Greek word meaning chains and "Coccus" is Latinized from Kokkos, meaning berries. Pyo is pus and genes is forming, therefore are pus forming bacteria. There are two types of Streptococcus Group A and Group B. Group A is the type I am writing about today. Group A Streptococcus (GAS) is found in the inner throat and on various parts of the skin.  An estimated 700 million strep infections occur world wide yearly with a mortality rate of 0.1%.  This pathogen is spread person to person by respiratory droplets or direct contact. These bacteria spread through the body in the forms of exotoxins which are Protease, Hyaluronidase, and DNAses, and Streptokinase. They also have protein on their surface with helps them avoid phagocytosis. They also have a hyaluronic capsule that also inhibits opsonization. The most two common Diseases are Pharyngitis - strep throat and Pyodermal infections -break in the skin with a pus filled sore. 20% of all school aged children are carriers of this bacteria. This is carried on their skin and nasal passages. Symptoms that can be seen are sore throat with a quick onset, severe pain while swallowing, fever of 101 degrees Fahrenheit or higher, swollen lymph nodes in the neck, body aches, and rashes. Generally school aged children are at the highest risk for contracting these bacterial infections however adults can get these infections also. There are some preventive measure for streptococci Group B infections like Menigococcal vaccines and pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccines, however there are none for strep throat. The best way to care for strep throat is early recognition and treatment by your physician. They will usually give you an injection of Penicillin and prescribe you an oral antibiotic that is in the Penicillin family. In some cases there are some alternative antibiotics that will help with Strep if you are allergic to Penicillin, such as Azithromycin, Clindamycin (very harsh), and also Rocephin (painful injection). There are some major complications if this is left untreated. Our bodies create antibodies that can actually fight against your heart and kidneys. These reactions can be seen in 1-4 weeks of the initial infection.

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Phylum - Firmicutes
Class - Bacilli
Order - Lactobacillales
Family - Streptococcaceae
Genus - Streptococcus
Species - S. Pyogens

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S. Pyogenes at 900x Magnification.

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Streptocoocus Pyogenes