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                                                  THE COLD WAR

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                                                  THE COLD WAR

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The Cold War spanned through the course of over 70 years, and the constant ever looming conflict defined the era itself. It encompassed multiple wars, scandals, and evils but also paved the way for advancements in science and research that benefited humanity. As tensions rose between the world's two largest superpowers, the United States of America and USSR Russia, who was fed up of being abused by the old Czar, a new socialist party arose, who were known as the Soviets and were on the Allied side in World War II as they were threatened by Adolf Hitler's Nazi Germany. As time went on the the Allied Forces were victorious, tensions built between the US and the USSR, who were the only major world powers that were not devastated by the war. Over the course of the next 45 years, wars like the Korean War and the Vietnam War, as well alliances and groups such as NATO would be arise all in attempts to push back the looming threat of communism. As countries and empires were torn apart and rebuilt, the fall of Soviet Russia ultimately took place in 1991, and thus went the major communist superpower of the modern world.

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The overthrow of Czar Nicholas II, Bolshevik lead by Vladimir Lenin

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The new Soviet government wiped out opposition and established itself in control

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The Soviets cooperated with the Nazi leader Adolf Hitler between these dates until Germany repudiated their agreement and invaded Russia.

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World War II

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President Franklin D Roosevelt died and his successor Harry Truman emerged as a  more determined opponent to communism

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Stalin ensured the installation of pro-soviet communist regimes in the countries of Eastern Europe that were heavily dependent on the Soviet Union.

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Winston Churchill gave one of his most famous speeches at Westminster College in Fulton, Missouri

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Truman Doctrine sought to rally the American people to commit the resources necessary to support freedom against what he called communist aggression.
June 5th, Marshall Plan, which secretary of state George C. Marshall proposed in a commencement address at Harvard University.

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The two nations had already clashed over Soviet control of the Dardanelles Strait in Turkey

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Stalin responded to what he viewed as increasing provocation from the West by setting up a blockade of the western half of Berlin. By 1949 stalin had lifted the blockade

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April, the United States formed the North Atlantic Treaty Organization which united numerous Western nations in a military alliance to counter any Soviet threat to the security of Europe.

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Truman administration's response to developments on the Korean peninsula in the spring.

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The new American president Dwight D. Eisenhower ended the war in 1953 with the peninsula still divided into two nations maintaining an uneasy peace.

Stalin Dies

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When the French were defeated in the Indochina War, Vietnam was divided into a communist North and a US supported south.

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Nikita Khrushchev had formed the Warsaw Pact, a military alliance with Eastern European nations intended to counter NATO.

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Soviets launched the Satellite Sputnik provoking fears of lagging scientific achievement in the United States and a feeling that America was losing the space race.

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The second area where the Cold War threatened to become "hot" was in southeast Asia.

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Khrushchev pressured the East German government into building the Berlin wall.

April, a US trained group of Cuban exiles landed in Cuba in the disastrous Bay of Pigs invasion

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American soldiers were in Vietnam in very small numbers in a merely advisory role but by 1964, President Lyndon B Johnson was beginning to commit ever larger numbers of combat troops

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The war quickly became unpopular among the American public, provoking large protests on the home from by 1967 that reached phenomenal proportions by 1968.

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President Richard Nixon ended US involvement in the conflict in 1973 nearly 60,000 American soldiers had died

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North Vietnamese forces finally overran the South ending a conflict that was deeply humiliating for the United States and that had bitterly divided the nation.

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Despite a second treaty signed by Brezhnev and President Jimmy Carter, the strategic arms limitation treaty II the end of the decade brought renewed tensions. Invasion of Afghanistan to prop up a pro soviet regime there

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Soviet withdrawal left the communist governments in Eastern Europe isolated and vulnerable and in 1989 they began to give way to popular democratic revolutions (mostly nonviolent such as Czechoslovakia Velvet revolution)

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Nationalist movements in the various regions that made up the Soviet Union pulled that empire apart and destroyed the communist system completely.

collapse and breakup of the soviet union, end of cold war

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The Cold War left a legacy of the world that could have destroyed the world.  If America and the Soviets got into hot water they both had nuclear missiles stationed near each other and were ready to fire at will.  It made the world up their security and double check relations.  America and Russia were both recognized and superpowers.  At the end of the cold war the USSR collapsed and was reverted back to Russia.