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1. In Edwardson’s sermon he attempts to describe God’s anger towards sinners. He describes us as the utmost vile creatures in God’s eyes, and that he “holds us over the pit fires of 🤬 like one might hold a loathsome creature like a spider over a fire.” He uses persuasion such as this to convince people to return to the church at a time in history where church numbers where low. He successfully scared many people into going back to the church.
2. Rowlandson also uses many elements of persuasion. She describes in great detail all of the horrors of her journey. Beginning with her initial capture, and spanning through her times with the Natives until she is bargained back into civilization. She describes the Natives as savages and barbarians, and paints them in an utmost horrific light. She tells how they laughed at her pain and seemed to take great joy in the death of their enemies.
3. Edwardson does manage to use some elements of truth in his sermon. While most of his sermon is saturated with elements of persuasion that to many Christians seems absurd, he does offer some truth of the Bible. He quoted it directly in some parts. For the most part though, it is a great example of persuasion.
4. I would image that most of what Rowlandson says is also true. While she offers some dramatic elements that are periodically correct for the opinions of natives, she probably was treated quite badly. She describes her punishments and even the prices she was paid in order to make clothes within the tribe. Elements like that are not very easy to fabricate.
5. Edwardson also talks about how people should go to church and repent in order to see a nicer side of God. He portrays our repentance of sins as the only way to appease God and that we truthfully disgust him. His extraordinarily use of language and, I’m sure, his use of delivery when he addressed a congresgation would put the fear of God in you. This is another great example of the usefulness of persuasion and results in literature.

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1. In the first excerpt, Mary uses ethos to establish credibility for the time in which the story takes place. She says, "On the tenth of February 1675, came the Indians with great numbers upon Lancaster:" This gives readers an image of the time zone and also sets the setting for the story. If Mary were to write about being kidnapped in 2004, then readers would have a different perspective or expectation towards the story.

2. Mary uses pathos by using very strong vocabulary to connect with the emotion of readers throughout the story. For example, In excerpt one she says, “Whereat the Indians Scornfully shouted…” or in excerpt two, “Thus we were butchered by those merciless heathen…” With this strong form of vocabulary, it puts a strong sense of imagery in one’s mind. Imagery would make one more likely to want to continue to read to story, especially with a very vivid text.

3. Throughout the second excerpt, Mary uses the word blood an abundant amount of times as well as death. She also expresses the Indians as very dark, scornful people that love death and killing people. This is another example of imagery and good writing mechanics that makes the story dark and gloomy to bring suspense and more interest to readers

4. In Sinners in the Hands of an angry GOD, there is a big language difference in how it was written compared to Mary Rowlandson’s kidnapping story. Jonathan Edwards uses a higher assertive type of language which is used to set the tone of the story. For example he uses persuasion when talking about how God sends wicked men straight to 🤬. This would be inflicting fear in both the story as well as in the audience.

5. In Sinners in the Hands of an angry GOD as well as Mary Rowlandson’s kidnapping story, the Bible is used as a persuasive source and establishes a lot of credibility in both of the stories. In Mary Rowlandson’s story, she quotes the bible as a form of hope that she still has God with her. This is used to build trust in what she is telling readers is the truth because God was there to see it by the bible being with her.

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1. In the Sinners in the Hands of an Angry GOD, writer Jonathan Edwards has used a ton figurative language which makes this document a persuasive piece. In the text he says that God can not only cast wicked men into 🤬, he can do that very easily. Then he compares God with a Prince (another powerful authority) who may have some difficulty in subduing a rebel. This comparison is thus, an example of a metaphor. “They are now the Objects of that very same Anger & Wrath of God that is expressed in the torments of the 🤬”, this statement found in the text is comparing humans with Objects that deserve to face Wrath and Anger. Therefore, this comparison of humans and objects provides an example of personification.
2. Throughout the text, Edwards has emphasized on the idea that all humans are constantly hanging on the edge of the 🤬 and what makes us not fall in 🤬 is “meer Pleasure of God”. Through the frequent usage, of the phrase “meer Pleasure of God” Edwards has used the rhetorical device of repetition which also contributes in making the document a persuasive text.
3. The text, Sinners in the hands of an Angry God is also very didactic and allusionary since he uses a lot of proverbs and quotes from the Gospels. For instance, Cut it down, why cumbreth it the Ground, Luk. 13. 7. is found in the text. These are two other rhetorical devices that make the document persuasive.
4. The Narrative of the Captivity and the Restoration of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson, is a text based mostly on truth because it is a narration of Mrs. Rowlandson’s experience. It includes details of her experience and her observations regarding the Indians and their society. It is not a research or a historic paper, it is a story with the narrator being Mrs. Rowlandson, the captive herself. Thus, who could narrate the story tell the story of Mrs. Rowlandson, in a better and more unbiased way than Mrs. Rowlandson herself?
5. Even though most of The Narrative of the Captivity and the Restoration of Mrs. Rowlandson is based on truth, there are some parts in the text where the desire of persuasion has been used. For instance, while describing when the Indians raided  their houses and tortured the people, she says “stripped him naked and split open his bowels.” The purpose of the description is to make the readers see the Indians as horrible savages by exaggerating the situation because the likelihood of someone splitting open someone else’s bowels is quite less. Therefore, the use of hyperbole which is also a rhetorical device explains why this text also reflects persuasion.

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1) Persuasion. During her narrative, Mary Rowlandson used a very dark tone to persuade us and make believe her about the darkness and savageness of the situation. Her use of the "heavy" adjectives to describe the Natives, "merciless heathens" and "murderous wretches" (excerpt 2), exemplify the savageness of the situation. Her usage of pathos, emotions in the speech, are of the most persuasive characteristics in the narrative. for example, in excerpt 3, when it's written "I shall die, I shall die", Rowlandson wanted to express that everyone in that situation was desperate and fearing for their lives.
2) Truth. What could be just a simple history, a terrifying made up history, is actually a history full of truth. It is known that many Native Americans had a savage behavior and were "merciless". Many colonists were killed and captured by Native Americans. In Excerpt 1, Rowlandson describes what many described about Indians attacks, quick, brutal, full of death and blood.
3) Name calling. I believe that this one will/can be seen of a wrong qualification for what she does in the excerpts. However, I believe that her description is tying the Native Americans reputation and behavior to what everyone, at least hopefully, would call inhuman and savage. Yes, the attacks were savage. And yes the conditions of the attacks were inhuman and much more. However, I also believe that many forget the fact that the colonists basically invaded their lands, murdered their people, and when something bad happened it was always to blame the Native Americans. They were and still are< sometimes, referred as savages and murderess.
4) Persuasion. Edwards uses a complete different method of persuasion from Rowlandson. While she referred the Natives as savages and stuff, Edwards provoked, inspired fear in each and everyone in his speeches. Throughout his speeches he used "you must fear sentences", such as "Nothing keeps wicked men out of 🤬, but the mere pleasure of God." or "Every unconverted men belongs properly to 🤬.". He used those types of sentences to make an impact and make people fear God. And by knowing that he was a religious man during the "Great Awakening", his speeches were persuasive and many people converted. But also, many went to search for a more liberal religion and "benevolent" version of God.
5) Propaganda. What Edwards did in his speeches are nothing more that pure propaganda. Edwards promote his "product" or service through fear. But he was doing propaganda. He uses a lot the idea of people going to 🤬 for not being converted, for being sinners, because is angry with them. But he also promotes his product and service, salvation through faith. When he says "Now God stands ready to pity you; is a day of mercy". He is basically saying that you can be saved and he can help you to do that.

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Johnathan Edwards' use of second person pronouns in his sermon makes it more personalized. The general tone of the sermon is intimidating, and by using words like you, Edwards makes it even more so. For example Edwards says "there is nothing between you and 🤬 but air, 'tis only the power and and meer pleasure that you up." By using second person pronouns, Edwards makes it so that the sermon isn't directed at a group of people but that it is directed at the individual person .

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Although Johnathan Edwards uses bible versus in his sermon (truth), he twists the words slightly to make them more frightening and to make God seem more horrifying than loving. This a form of persuasion, using something that is true but changing it slightly to make your audience view it differently.

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1. In the Sinners in the Hands of an Angry GOD, writer Jonathan Edwards uses a ton of figurative language which implies that Johnathan Edwards's work is a persuasive work. For instance, he says "They are now the Objects of that very same Anger & Wrath of God that is expressed in the torments oh 🤬." Here he is referring to humans (sinners) as Objects which reflects the use personification. Another statement is found in the text where he says that God not only casts wicked men but also can do it very easily. Then he compares God with a Prince (a powerful authority like God) who may sometimes have to face difficulty to subdue a rebel. This statement supports the use of a metaphor.

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Johnathan Edwards, in "Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God," uses a very intimidating and sharp tone to scare his audience. By doing this Edwards hoped to scare his audience enough to make them do the right thing, in fear that they would go to 🤬 for doing one bad thing in their lives. He thought that with the right amount of scaring he could make society more perfect.

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In "Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God" Johnathan Edwards uses a lot of persuasion to make his audience believe that God is unmerciful and hellish. This sermon in a way is an oxymoron. Edwards makes God seem hellish which is not how most people view him. Most people view God as very affectionate and forgiving, but in order to make people do good Edwards scares them into thinking that God, himself, is scary.

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She uses synecdoche when she says "knocked on the head" which refers to killing them. She has attitude when she talks on this subject of captured. She has feelings of sadness when discussing her moments of capture

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Jonathon Edwards was big on allusion because he refers to the bible and God in almost every paragraph. He states from the bible in John 3.18 "He that believeth not is condemned already." This means that he has not believed in the forgotten son. He also shows truth in what he speaks with a hint of his opinion. He is persuading readers by telling them that they are going to 🤬.

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In the second excerpt of the Mary Rowlandson’s captivity story she uses vivid metaphor to persuade the reader to understand the death that she had seen. Rowlandson says “...like a company of sheep torn by wolves, all of them stripped naked by a company of 🤬 hounds, roaring, singing, ranting and insulting...”. What I got from this excerpt was she was comparing the colonists to sheep and the Indians to 🤬 hounds where the colonists were being tortured. The idea of 🤬 hounds and sheep being torn apart give you this sad and bleak depiction of the terror and torture colonists faced.

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1.In the first excerpt she talks about how the Indians came and killed the people of Lancaster. They way she describes the Indians persuades you to believe the event was horrific and terrifying. It also persuades you to think that the Indians are complete savages and represent evil.
2. In Mary's excerpts you can see lots of pathos. The words she uses to describe the events as well as the tone throughout the readings show there is a lot of emotion. In except one you can see a good example of this,"Some in our houses were fighting for their lives, others wallowing in there own blood."
3. In the first excerpt she says the date, which sets up truth so the reader believes what he or she is reading is credible. You can also see ethos in the beginning, to show that what you are reading is truthful.
4. In sinners in the hands of an angry god wee see a lot of quotes from the bible. There are numerous allusions throughout the text. You can also see a lot of pathos also. This is true because of the words he uses, as well as the tone.
5. In Edwards text, we can see a lot of persuasion. Throughout the reading he talks about how all sinners are going to 🤬. He is trying to persuade you into believing what he is saying.

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In excerpt 1 of Mary Rowlandson’s captivity narrative, l noticed her word choice and imagery was used to persuade the audience. She says of a man who was taken, “they would not hearken to him but knocked him in head, and stripped him naked, and split open his bowels. This vividly dark imagery she uses to encourage the audience to feel sympathy for the captured settlers. The phrase “split open his bowels” alone makes you as an audience member shiver with revulsion. After reading this excerpt you develop an interest in learning more about the treatment captives had to face.

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In "Sinners in the hands of an angry God" we see a lot of figurative language with the spiderweb and it sends a very intimidating and angry tone. The Attitude of Jonathan Edwards is very aggressive towards sinners and how to act. We see the same with the picture above, of 🤬. It appeals to peoples pathos by making them fell guilty and always looked over. It is also very Juxtaposition because we rarely see God in the position of throwing people into 🤬,he is more often portrayed as the nice guy.

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1. Mary Rowlandson's description develops inherently more negative pathos simply in the way she recalls her experience in removes, which are likely the worse parts of her experience being a captive.
2.  throughout the excerpts Mary continuously refers to the natives as heathens, in excerpt four questioning God why he would insist on preserving them.  This shows elements of propaganda.
3. throughout Sinners in the hands of an angry god, Edwards continuously uses ethos to push his arguments by citing the bible.
4.  in sinners in the hands of an angry God a passage states that "These principles(those of the natives) are active and powerful in nature, and if it were not for the restraining Hand of God upon them, they would soon break out".  the pathos in this statement paints a picture of the natives being unable to control their primal instincts.
5. The passage "your wickedness makes you as heavy as lead... all your righteousness would have no more influence to uphold you and keep you out of 🤬, than a spider's web would not have to stop a falling rock". this relation builds logos within the initial pathos of the argument.

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Captured: Rowlandson showed pathos in describing her life as being captured by the Native Americans, which she referred to as "savages". The truth in captured is that she is captured, but the persuasion is that she made the Indians seem like they were savages.
Sinners in the hands of an angry god: the truth is that there is a God, but Jonathan Edwards wants the people of brimstone to believe that God is angry with them because of their actions. another truth is that there is a 🤬, but Edwards also wants them to believe that the only reason people of brimstone is not in 🤬 is because God is holding them up.
A truth in captured is that she did not eat, but the persuasion is that she wants them so believe they did not feed her as much, when she probably did not want the food they gave to her.
Edwards quote in sinners of the hand of an angry God says, "As he that walks in slippery places is every moment liable to fall". this is a truth because when you walk in slippery places there is a point that you will fall, but Edwards wants them to believe that when they do fall nothing will help keep them up.

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1. Mary Rowlandson has a strong presence of pathos in all nine excerpts. As she talks about how her entire family is being “savagely” killed and murdered, her tone is solemnly hopeless as she tries to sway peoples opinions of the native Americans to a more negative connotation. Bringing up gruesome 🤬 will more anyone emotions. She talks heavily on death, Christianity, and children so that she can reach every heart. This leads into her persuasion

2. Already having her audience heart wretched, she adds in Her persuasive language in excerpt 2 such as “merciless heathen” and “ravenous beasts is an example of persuasion. her tone is wants to sett the mood that natives are anything but humane . Only once she stated that one of the natives gave her horse liver to eat but then quickly stated that “before it was halfway ready they got half of it away from me” this continuously paints native Americans as solely murders, cold-hearted, psychopaths at nature

3. Jonathan Edwards has very strong ethos about his sermon. He credits himself constantly in the beginning,  using the simple syntax of the scripture he uses it after every statement he makes in every paragraph. Throughout the sermon he using his knowledge of the scripture and God to credit every single statement he makes chastising sinners.

4. ting into Edwards ethos is his logos. It is concurrent in the sense that the bible is his evidence. It is like it is his work cited page that he constantly refers to. He will not go 5 minutes without a bible verse because without one he is just day words falling on deaf ears. In order to be a preacher, you have to constantly refer to the higher power text in order to be credible.

5. Mary Rowlandson's uses inductive reasoning from her experience creating one big form of propaganda. Having good propaganda called for a strong form of pathos, some ethos, good persuasive language, and demeaning and criminous diction. And Altogether she created that. Just like in the American revolution with the Boston massacre. They used all those  forms of rhetorical language to bring up something in peoples being causing them to rally up to gather haveing one single thought in their head: Indians weren't people and didn't deserve the same treatment

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1. Mary Rowlandson used a form of propagana in excerpt 3 The second removal "they set me upon a horse with my wounded child in my lap, and there being no furniture upon the horse's back as we were going down a steep hill we both fell over the horse's head, at which they, like inhuman creatures, laughed, and rejoiced". This is a form of name calling because she is connecting the reaction of the Indians with them being "inhumane creatures" for laughing and rejoicing when they fell.
2. Another form of writing in Mary rowlandson's work would be pathos. She goes in great depth about the Indians first arrival and how "Some people were fighting for their life. others were wallowing in their blood." this is play on emotions, to help the reader understand what they were going through.
3. In Edwards writings he uses the Bible a lot to back his statements up. which is a from of logos. on page 46 he quotes psalms 78 then leads to say "it implies that they were always exposed to sudden unexpected destruction.
4. Edward also uses a form of glittering generalities on page 52 when she talks about the children of the foolish men who are now dead and go to 🤬 because they did not "lay out matters as well for themselves to secure their own escape." this is a play on emotion because she is talking about children going to 🤬. This is and idea that would evoke an emotional response.
5. Rowlandson uses a form of card stacking propaganda when she explains the reasons for why she survived this captivity. Excerpt 4 she says "the lord helped me at the time to express it to himself. I opened my bible to read, and the lord brought precious scripture to me, this was a sweet cordial to me when I was ready to faint." she is focusing on the best features of god and is leaving out other details that might have kept her from fainting.

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1. In excerpt 1 Mary Rowlandson uses pathos by saying she witnessed her family members lying in their own blood on the floor.
2. Throughout Rowlandsons's excerpts she uses name-calling propaganda, such as calling the Indians heathens
3. Rowlandson uses an allusion in excerpt 5 about a deliverance of the English people which relates to the Jews in Egypt in the Old Testament.
4. Another use of propaganda Rowlandson uses is glittering generalities. In excerpt four she describes her arrival at a new place with many negative details.
5. In the picture above it shows truth because she was captured by the Indians.

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Similarly to Rowlandson, Edwards uses the Bible to establish credibility. By using the Bible to corroborate his ideology, such as when he quotes Ezekiel 8.18, which essentially states that “God’s fury will be unleashed without remorse or pity upon sinners;” by stating this, Edwards is able to persuade the reader that his conceptions are shared and supported by God. Therefore quoting the Bible is used by the author as both a method of persuasion and as ethos.

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Edwards uses a very different type of ethos than Rowlandson. Instead of trying to strike a sympathetic chord within the reader like Rowlandson; Edwards writes with the intent to instill fear into the mind and heart of the reader; such as when he states “what a dreadful, inexpressible, inconceivable Depth of Misery must the poor Creature be sunk, who shall be the subject of this”, when referring to the outcome of a sinner. Language such as this makes the reader want to obey Edwards teaching out of the sheer terror of God’s wrath, that is evoked by reading.

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Rowlandson use of ethos when she quotes Job 1.15 stating that, “And I only am escaped to tell the News,” provides crediably to her argument by quoting the Bible, meaning God is on her side. This use of the quote is also a form of persuasion. For this truth, that Rowlandson was one and twenty-four survivors, also acts as persuasion because as stated by the Bible, she was saved by God, or so she is attempting to make her readers believe.

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Rowlandson uses pathos to evoke a strong emotion connection between her readers and the sorrow she felt when she speaks of observing her family and others “butchered” by the indians, who were enthralled by the streams of blood from every which direction. This scene is also a form or propaganda. It is a glittering generality because it produces immediate sympathy from the readers for Rowlandson because it is easy to imagine the terror and sorrow that Rowlandson must have felt in this moment.

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The diction used by Mary Rowlandson to describe the indians, such as “merciless heathen” and as “infidels,” is a form of persuasion that is meant to depict the indians as inhumane savages. As well by speaking of the indians in this harsh tone his is able to rally support for her side of the story by casting the indians in a negative light.

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The black and white picture transfers the common idea of indians being the bad guy in society, and the poor colonist being captured for no reason and taken away from their home. In the same way it is also an example of glittering generalities, because it provokes a felling of hate for the indians and fell sympathy for the colonist. It is also pathos, as i talked about before with the feelings provoked, but also in some way logos because the indians actually did kidnap colonist and took them away from their home, there is often just more of a background story too it.

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In the picture of God throwing man into the fire of what i presume would be 🤬 we see a clear example of pathos. The picture want (as well of the  text "sinner in the hands of a angry God) to make you fear God so much that every time you think of doing something sinful you will think of this image and turn around. It perseveres you to think that God is always watching over YOU and will see everything you do, even you sinful thoughts in the deepest part of your mind, and he will not hesitate to throw you into 🤬 if you don't behave.

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Matt Campbell

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1. In all her excerpts Mary Rowlandson discloses a profound hatred for the Indians as they were often referred to as “merciless heathens”, “murderous wretches”( Excerpt 1 and 2). By describing how she was treated by the Indians, Rowlandson wants to persuade the audience to believe her story. This is an example of pathos and persuasion, as she is convincing the readers to empathize the dreadful circumstance she was in using emotional words and vocabulary.

2. In excerpt 1 Rowlandson provides the occasion on which the captivity was occurred, using imagery to create pictures with descriptive and figurative language. It is crucial to have a precise date and time because. it adds credibility to what Rowlandson then talks about. She uses ethos in this excerpt because it is factual evidence which increased the factuality of the story.

3. Edwards’s sermon is virtually persuasion because his use of daunting vocabulary to threaten people who do not believe in God. On page 58, Edwards wrote: “consider the fearful danger you are in: ‘Tis a great Furnace of Wrath, a wide ad bottomless Pit,... nothing that you can do, to induce God to spare you one Moment.” He is threatening people who have committed sins and are at the verge of going to 🤬, but God is the only way they can be saved from such a frightful spectacle. By using the vivid description and combining his logic (logos), Edwards leads people into believing what he was saying is true.

4. Throughout his sermon, Edwards shows bias toward believing in God. He strongly believes that for people who have committed sins and are not petition for redemption, they should go to 🤬. By justifying his reason in regard to his beliefs, Edwards creates the credibility and logistic arguments about his sermon. On page 61, Edwards explains how God can be merciful and vicious at the same time: "The Misery you are exposed to is that which God will inflict to that End.., both how excellent his Love is, and also how terrible his Wrath is”. God is seen as a flawless figure, but Edwards points out that he can castigate you if you don’t listen to him.

5. Besides the fact that he is galvanizing the audience to convert, Edwards also threatens those who are not converting, that they are "going down to 🤬, to bear the dreadful Wrath of that God" (66). It is obvious that he is trying to persuade the audience into believing in God, and the consequence of ones who are not convinced by that is 🤬. The use of drastic diction helps to exaggerate the story and eventually will lead people to believe in God.

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4. Pathos is used in the excerpt "There are in the souls of the wicked Men those hellish principles reigning" which uses negative language.

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2. Also in excerpt 4, she uses pathos when talking about parting her daughter. She uses phrases like " Heart-aching thoughts I had about my poor children", which  can be emotional.

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1. In Excerpt 4, Rowlandson talks about how miserable life is. She uses glittering generalities when talking about the journey the children endure and describes it as " cold and wet, and snowy, and hungry, and weary".

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1. At the begining of Mary rowlandson's writing she describes details about her situation which is truth. She says “the tenth of February in 1675” describing the time. She uses this because it is very important to know the time period of the story she is about to tell. It provides the reader extra context and ethos or credibility to help explain her situation.

2. Mary Rowlandson constantly talks about the Native Americans and uses negative diction to persuade the readers. She describes the Native Americans badly but people do not know all the sides of the story so it is very biased. She is trying to persuade people into thinking they are savages and terrible people using very negative tone. It is not fair to listen to just Mary and not the Native Americans as well.

3. Edwards uses lots of persuasion and negative tone in his speech trying to make everyone think they are going to 🤬 if they do not believe in his God. He uses vulgar diction such as “The 🤬 stands ready to fall upon them as his own.”

4. Edwards uses biased language by saying “They deserve to be cast into 🤬.” He is using pathos, emotional appeal to make the readers fear going to 🤬 and feeling as though they definitely will if they do not believe in God. Edwards says “ The Devils watch them.” creating even more fear for the readers causing them to change their opinions because they are scared of the 🤬.

5. Edwards constantly quotes the Bible which is logical evidence or logos. He quotes Luke 13:7, John 3:18 and John 8:23 just in one page. Using logos, it provides evidence and backs up his argument and the persuasion he is trying to portray.

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1. In all of her writings, but especially in Excerpt 1, Rowlandson portrays the Indians as very violent and bloodthirsty people, using phrases such as "these murderous wretches", and presenting graphic details about what the Indians did. Her harsh tone and diction possesses an abundance of persuasion (that the Indians were belligerent) and pathos (vocabulary shows emotion), with question of the element of truth. As shown by modern day murdrr trials or from personal experience, during an emotional or chaotic time, details get confused, exaggerated, or made up. These elements question the ethos of Rowlandson, and Rowlandson compensates for her questionable credibility by her diction and pathos.
2. In Excerpt 9, copious amounts of logos are found in Rownlandson's passage-the most found out of all of the other excerpts. In this excerpt, Rowlandson discusses being freed and the events leading up to her release. She bargained her freedom for twenty pounds, and the entire excerpt is full of logic. Economically and logically, twenty pounds would be more useful to the Indians than a whining, starving woman.
3. Edwards' entire sermon is full of persuasive language and pathos, and on page 57, this is clearly evident. Edwards states that "the God that holds you over the Pit of 🤬, much as one holds a Spider...abhors you...his Wrath towards you burns like Fire". In this section, Edwards compares a spider being held over a fire to God holding you over a fire. Being held over a fire is a helpless position, wherein your only escape is mercy. By using this metaphor, Edwards presents an all-powerful God, daring you to ask for mercy. This section also appeals to emotion by daunting and threatening the reader.
4. In Edwards' sermon on page 61, he quotes Isaiah 63:3 which states, "I will tread them in mine Anger, and will trample them in my Fury, and their Blood shall be sprinkled upon my Garments". By quoting directly from the Bible to a protestant group, he appeals by using logos and pathos. Logically, if Edwards is quoting the Bible and one believes the Bible to be God's ultimate message, and the Bible verse goes hand in hand with Edwards' sermon, then Edwards' sermon must be accurate and correct. Quoting the Bible evokes an emotional response as well as credibility by backing up his ideas with the Bible (God's word). Quoting the Bible also supports the truthfulness of what Edwards is saying.
5. Near the end of Edwards' sermon, he presents a joyful and love-filled state if one loves God. By creating a happy picture if one does everything Edwards has demanded, and by Edwards stating what would happen if one doesn't believe in God, it logically puts forth that one should do what he says. Edwards also provides an incentive by saying, "How awful is it to be left behind at such a Day! To see so many others feasting, while you are pining and perishing!". This logically persuades one to be present at the feast, void of hunger and full of happiness, rather than the opposite. It also possesses the propaganda element of bandwagon-ing someone.

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At the very start of both the passages they provide truths. Mary Ronaldson provides the date, approximate time, how many of the Indians came, and what they were doing to people. Jonathan Edwards begins with bible verses in relation to his topic. Both of these articles start with truths to validate and support their arguments. Ronaldson and Edwards are trying to enrapture you in factual evidence to support what they are telling you. They build up truths to later on try and persuade you to believe what they believe.

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On page 5 of the sermon Jonathan Edwards quotes from the bible "nothing keeps wicked men out of 🤬, but the meer pleasure of God." He quotes this to provide validation for what he goes on to say. He provides credibility to the truth he is trying to explain.

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In the sermon Jonathan Edwards presents a truth that their is a God. However, throughout the novel his use of severe language tries to persuade readers that the God essentially preys upon all wicked men and "condemns them straight to 🤬." Through the duration of the sermon he tries to persuade people that if you don't believe in God you will go to 🤬. By telling them this he inculcates fear causing them to believe what he is saying because they are scared.

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In the 2nd excerpt Mary Ronaldson describes how Indians were killing people. In the act of doing so she used very graphic and detailed vocabulary to really engulf the reader and try to portray how awful she felt in her situation. Using these glittering generalities really aided in the act of persuading to believe what she did about the Indians because they captured her and she did not necessarily agree with it.

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In the 3rd excerpt Mary Ronaldson uses the word "inhumane" while describing the Indians. She uses these negative words in order to grab attention and persuade the reader to think that these Indians were savages. She uses these words to really provide emphasis for the reality of her situation causing people to be persuaded and take her side.

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1. In her second excerpt Mary Rowlandson constantly talks about the blood and death all around her in a very dramatized way. It comes across as persuasion so that her situation can appear worse than it actually was for the sake of entertainment for any one who reads it.

2. Throughout her writings Mary Rowlandson portrays the Indians as dark evil people that thrive off death in a propaganda like fashion. It comes across like she is trying to persuade the people that the indians the perfect embodiment of savages. It comes across to me that she does this not only to make it a more intriguing story, but to almost justify and persuade herself of the horrors she faced.

3. Throughout Sinners in the Hands of an angry God Edwards uses persuasive language to make the people listening to him think that they are destined for a life of eternal punishment if they do not serve and worship God with all aspects of their lives

4.At the beginning of Rowlandson's tale she states many facts which help add to the persuasion of the story later on. By rooting what she says in truth she makes any persuasion she uses more believable.

5. While describing the scripture that he is fixing to base his sermon on Edwards immediately uses language that helps persuade readers that God is not loving but a harsh angry ,as the title of the sermon would suggest, God. He builds off of this as he continues throughout the sermon, making it more and more apparent.

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5. Jonathan Edwards says, “Every unconverted man properly belongs to 🤬”. By using this specific diction, he makes the person reading or listening to his sermon feel bad about the fact that they are unconverted and he also instills fear in them because no one wants to go to 🤬 (mixture of diction and pathos). The tone in this sentence is supposed to scare people into converting.

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4. Jonathan Edwards uses some truth when he refers back to the Bible and uses psalms and verses to back up his sermon. By using the Bible, he establishes the ethos of his words in front on his congregation. He plays a lot on a mixture of ethos and pathos to make his followers believe him. The fact that he has “evidence” to back his words makes his speech even scarier to the unconverted people. This will prompt them even more to convert.

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3. Jonathan Edwards says in his sermon, “There is nothing that keeps wicked men at any one moment, out of 🤬, but the mere pleasure of God.” By using this diction and scary tone, Edwards uses pathos to instill fear in his congregation and establishes the almighty power of God. This way, it is easier for him to convince people to convert because they are scared of God. page 5

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2. In Excerpt 1, Mary Rowlandson uses the truth to set the scene up : On the tenth of february 1675, came the Indians with great numbers upon Lancaster. This use of imagery gives the reader some background information. The details in the first description establishes ethos (credibility) to what she is going to say next. This establishes some trust between the reader and Rowlandson.

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1. In Excerpt 1, Mary Rowlandson says, “These murderous wretches went on, burning, and destroying before them”. By using this tone, she presents Indians as savage and bad people, it was the purpose. She also uses pathos to prompt the reader to take her side by having sympathy for her. The diction she used “murderous wretches” persuades the reader that the Indians were horrible people. In addition, the readers feel the fear and pain in her voice (attitude and tone).

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In Excerpt 1, Mary Rowlandson uses a lot of emotion and an overwhelming and dark tone to make her audience believe that the moment was as scary as she makes it seem. I am sure that there is some truth in this moment, but there is also a lot of persuasion. She uses words like begged, stripped, split, murderous wretches, and many more to express this moments intensity.

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1. In excerpt 2, Mary quotes Job 1:15, which reads that "I only am escaped alone to tell the News". It seems that she quotes the Bible in an effort of persuasion. It was only her left alive when the other 36 people in her house were taken by death. Why should we, as the readers, trust her account of events when she was the only reporter of the news? No one could corroborate her argument, so she used the Bible to do so.
2. In excerpt 9, Mary recounts that the Sagamores (her capturers) received a letter, and upon this happening they inquired of Mary how much her husband would pay to redeem her. Mary thought that it would be wise to offer a somewhat substantial sum of money so as to ensure her redemption. She was able to persuade them to send a message to Boston for her return, but this was only so as a result of her lying persuasion.
3. On pages 4 and 5 of Edwards, there are many examples of truth portrayed via real life models. For instance, in order to articulate that sinners were always exposed to Destruction, Edwards uses the model of a person walking on slippery places. We know that any person on a slippery surface is liable to fall, therefore this is truth; there is no bias in that model. However, he uses this truth to corroborate his claim that the sinner will "fall" without warning, that they will fall entirely on their own.
4. On pages 10 and 11 of Edwards, he utilizes persuasion in that he makes it sound as though the sinner is peril is realizing his missteps. In all actuality, though, he does not give a specific account of who is repenting or when they so repent. Edwards has only articulated that if one were to think they could evade God, they would be wrong to think in such a way. He makes up for this with persuasion, having the hypothetical sinner call out that God's wrath was too quick for him, that he never intended to come to this place.
5. Throughout Edwards' writing, he persuasively establishes the ethos of God. By capitalizing certain traits of God (for example: SPIRIT OF GOD, Infintite GOD, ALMIGHTY GOD, Omnipotent GOD), Edwards serves to build his image. He wants the reader to view God as all-powerful and mighty, and it is pure persuasion that he uses to do this. Clearly, he is biased in his writing of God.

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Mary Rowlandson and Jonathan
1: In excerpt 3, Mary describes what it felt like to be laughed at by natives after falling off of her horse. She dramatizes the situation, calling them inhuman, and makes the scenario much more emotionally charged.
2: She also uses this same tactic in excerpt 5 whenever she talks about the food she was "forced" to eat, calling it filthy trash. This is to make the native seem more savagely and make us sympathize with her even more.
3: In Excerpt six Mary talks about her relationship with his Master and Mistress, and how she would knit various items for them. It seems that they were appreciative of this, rewarding her with food. However she tries to feed them peas and bear out of the same dish and they refuse to eat it. This shows that Mary still doesn't have a good understanding of their customs and she probably wasn't communicating very clearly with them.
4:The tone that Edwards uses is scathing and is meant to invoke a fear of god in the reader. That fear is meant to act as persuasion to believe in god and his wrath or risk facing an even worse judgement.
5: In the 15th section of sinners at the hands of an angry God, Edwards uses a simile. He says "The God that holds you over the Pit of 🤬, much as one holds a spider, or some loathsome insect, over the fire, abhors you." This is to say that God resents humanity and would like to see us all perish, and the most that we can do is try to repent for our sins. He finishes his sermon off with this as well, encouraging the Congregation to escape their sins and fly to the the "mountain." The mountain serving as a metaphor for redemption in the eyes of God.

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1) In Excerpt 3 Mary says 'like inhumane creatures, laughed and rejoiced to see it' in reference to the Indians laughing at Rowlandson's accident on the horse. Rowlandson uses persuasive language to negatively describe the Indians treatment of the captives. This use of pathos evokes sympathy from the reader for Rowlandson.
2) In his sermon, Jonathan Edwards says, "the 🤬 stands ready to fall upon them and seize them as his own, at what moment God shall permit him."(p7) Edwards uses imagery and pathos to show his purpose in writing his sermon. His purpose is to scare the reader. He also uses implication to imply that if they do not convert to Christianity, they will feel 🤬's wrath.
3) Jonathan Edwards says "They have already deserved the fiery pit, and are already sentenced to it" (p 11) Edwards again uses imagery and figurative language by describing 🤬 as a 'fiery pit'. This puts emphasis on the message of his sermon with the purpose of scaring the reader into converting to Christianity.
4) In her first Excerpt, Mary Rowlandson uses facts, names and dates to establish her credibility. She says "On the tenth of February 1675, came the Indians with great numbers upon Lancaster." This shows logos and ethos as it sets up facts and establishes Mary as a credible source. This also gives context to the story which Rowlandson is about to tell.
5) Jonathan Edwards also uses Bible quotes to support his arguments and establish their credibility. This use of Ethos makes the audience more susceptible to his arguments. He quotes the book of Isaiah most frequently but also quotes Ezekiel and and Proverbs. He uses these quotes as evidence to support his arguments and put his ideas in context. By quoting these well known prophets he also taps into the reader's Logos as he appeals to their sense of facts and evidence.

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Persuasion- Mary Rowlandson in Excerpt 1 persuades the reader to be concerned for her. She used tone to express her emotions which included sadness and her being scared.  She says "Now might we hear mothers and children crying out for themselves and one another" This shows a dark tone about how the captured were feeling.

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1. In the first excerpt of Mary Rowlandson’s narrative there is a line that sticks out to me as persuasion. She says, “...knocked him in his head, stripped him naked, and split open his bowels.

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1. In Excerpt 1 Mary Rowlandson states that “These murderous retches go on, burning and destroying before them.” She uses a very dark and tone to make these people seem evil and worse than they actually are. She tries to make the Indians seem very barbaric. She uses a kind of persuasion by using this tone to persuade people to think that the Indians are brutes and ruthless.

2. Also in Excerpt 1 Mary Rowlandson says “Now might we hear mothers and children crying out for themselves and one another.” She uses persuasion again here. She uses a tone of sympathy and concern to make the reader feel empathy for her and her situation. It also persuades the reader to think even worse of the Indians because they are making Mary Rowlandson feel so dark and depressed like this quote.

3. In Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God Edwards uses a very sharp, direct and accusing tone toward his audience because he is calling them the sinners who he hopes to scare through his writings so that in the future they will not sin. He uses this scary and strict tone to scare the readers about the fact that they will go to 🤬. He thinks that this will cause people to act perfectly in society and it will run more smoothly.

4. Edwards continuously uses Bible verses throughout his works to make his writing credible and uses logos. This shows that he uses truth in his writing. Yet, he changes words slightly from these quotes to make them seem more convincing to what he is trying to say and to help his argument. This is persuasion to make his readers believe what he is saying and scare them further into not sinning.

5. Edwards says “Every unconverted man properly belongs to 🤬.” This tone and word choice will persuade readers to believe that due to the fact that they are not converted to christianity they will go directly to 🤬 after death. This is persuasion by scaring the reader. The idea of going to 🤬 for not being converted will scare the reader into converting.