# data[].attributes.headline
Nam June Paik. Electronic Superhighway: Continental U.S. 1995

# data[].attributes.subject
Nam June Paik. Electronic Superhighway: Continental U.S. 1995

# data[].attributes.headline
Betye Saar, The Liberation of Aunt Jemima, 1972

# data[].attributes.subject
Betye Saar, The Liberation of Aunt Jemima, 1972

# data[].attributes.body
Art as political statement

# data[].attributes.headline
Christo and Jeanne-Claude.  Running Fence Sonoma and Marin counties, California. 1972–76

# data[].attributes.subject
Christo and Jeanne-Claude.  Running Fence Sonoma and Marin counties, California. 1972–76

# data[].attributes.headline
Robert Smithson. Spiral  Jetty, Great Salt Lake, Utah. 1970

# data[].attributes.subject
Robert Smithson. Spiral  Jetty, Great Salt Lake, Utah. 1970

# data[].attributes.body
The earth is the canvas

Interactive

Out of the gallery—less elitist

Not collectable

# data[].attributes.body
Unemotional

Reduced to most basic parts

“What you see is what you see”—denial of meaning

# data[].attributes.headline
Andy Warhol. Campbell’s Soup Cans. 1961–64

# data[].attributes.subject
Andy Warhol. Campbell’s Soup Cans. 1961–64

# data[].attributes.body
Reaction to elitism of Abstract Expressionism; unemotional

Similar to Dada in love of ready-made, common objects

Sought a mass-produced look—accessible

Interested in mass media and pop culture

# data[].attributes.headline
Joseph Beuys, How to Explain Paintings to a Dead Hare, Nov. 26, 1965

# data[].attributes.subject
Joseph Beuys, How to Explain Paintings to a Dead Hare, Nov. 26, 1965

# data[].attributes.body
Art as life

Improvisation; unpredictable

# data[].attributes.body
Art as an experience
not collectable

# data[].attributes.body
Combines

# data[].attributes.headline
Louise Nevelson. Sky Cathedral—Moon Garden Plus One. 1957–60

# data[].attributes.subject
Louise Nevelson. Sky Cathedral—Moon Garden Plus One. 1957–60

# data[].attributes.headline
Helen Frankenthaler. Mountains and Sea. 1952

# data[].attributes.subject
Helen Frankenthaler. Mountains and Sea. 1952

# data[].attributes.body
Stain Painting

# data[].attributes.headline
Mark Rothko No. 61 (Rust and Blue), 1953

# data[].attributes.subject
Mark Rothko No. 61 (Rust and Blue), 1953

# data[].attributes.headline
Abstract Expressionism: Color Field Painting

# data[].attributes.subject
Abstract Expressionism: Color Field Painting

# data[].attributes.body
Abstract Expressionism (two branches—Action Painting and Color Field Painting):

Influenced by Surrealism

Art about emotion, myth, universal forces

Brought attention to the paint on the canvas (rather than hiding)

Brought NYC to the center of the art world

# data[].attributes.headline
Jackson Pollock Autumn Rhythm: Number 30. 1950

# data[].attributes.subject
Jackson Pollock Autumn Rhythm: Number 30. 1950

# data[].attributes.body
Abstract Expressionism (two branches—Action Painting and Color Field Painting):

Influenced by Surrealism

Art about emotion, myth, universal forces

Brought attention to the paint on the canvas (rather than hiding)

Brought NYC to the center of the art world

# data[].attributes.headline
Dorothea Lange. Migrant Mother, California. 1936

# data[].attributes.subject
Dorothea Lange. Migrant Mother, California. 1936

# data[].attributes.headline
Jacob Lawrence, Migration of the Negro series, 1940-41

# data[].attributes.subject
Jacob Lawrence, Migration of the Negro series, 1940-41

# data[].attributes.body
Regionalism:

Representational; local (Midwest) imagery

# data[].attributes.headline
Stuart Davis, Hot Still-Scape for Six Colors - 7th Avenue Style. 1940.

# data[].attributes.subject
Stuart Davis, Hot Still-Scape for Six Colors - 7th Avenue Style. 1940.

# data[].attributes.headline
Piet Mondrian. Composition (Composition with Red, Blue, and Yellow). 1930

# data[].attributes.subject
Piet Mondrian. Composition (Composition with Red, Blue, and Yellow). 1930

# data[].attributes.body
De Stijl (The Style):

Dutch movement; sought to create utopian environment through

geometric abstraction; sought universal order that would make nationalism obsolete;

also called International Style and Neo-Plasticism

# data[].attributes.headline
Alexander Calder. Lobster Trap and Fish Tail. 1939 

# data[].attributes.subject
Alexander Calder. Lobster Trap and Fish Tail. 1939 

# data[].attributes.headline
Meret Oppenheim. Object (Luncheon in Fur). 1936 

# data[].attributes.subject
Meret Oppenheim. Object (Luncheon in Fur). 1936 

# data[].attributes.headline
Salvador Dalí. The Persistence of Memory. 1931 

# data[].attributes.subject
Salvador Dalí. The Persistence of Memory. 1931 

# data[].attributes.headline
René Magritte, The Treachery of Images, 1928-29

# data[].attributes.subject
René Magritte, The Treachery of Images, 1928-29

# data[].attributes.body
Surrealism

: 1930’s; element of chance (like Dada); randomness related to dream states;

juxtaposition of unrelated objects; exploration of the subconscious mind; dream images;

stream of consciousness

# data[].attributes.headline
Hannah Höch, Cut with the Kitchen Knife through the Beer-Belly of the Weimar    Republic, 1919

# data[].attributes.subject
Hannah Höch, Cut with the Kitchen Knife through the Beer-Belly of the Weimar    Republic, 1919

# data[].attributes.headline
Raoul Hausmann. Mechanical Head (Spirit of the Age). ca. 1920 

# data[].attributes.subject
Raoul Hausmann. Mechanical Head (Spirit of the Age). ca. 1920 

# data[].attributes.headline
Hans Arp, Squares Arranged According to the Laws of Chance, 1916-17

# data[].attributes.subject
Hans Arp, Squares Arranged According to the Laws of Chance, 1916-17

# data[].attributes.body
Dada:

Reaction against World War I; focus on absurdity, element of chance

(Enlightenment values of logic and reason only lead to war); challenged status quo in art,

culture, etc.

# data[].attributes.body
Breaking rules

Looking for new inspiration: African Art, Cycladic Art, Folk Art, children’s art, stained glass

# data[].attributes.headline
Kazimir Malevich. Suprematist Composition: Airplane Flying. 1915 (dated 1914)

# data[].attributes.subject
Kazimir Malevich. Suprematist Composition: Airplane Flying. 1915 (dated 1914)

# data[].attributes.body
Russian Suprematism:

“supremacy of feeling;” pro-Russian revolution; wanted to create a new

vocabulary and language of art removed from the elitist past

# data[].attributes.headline
Giorgio de Chirico. Mystery and Melancholy of a Street. 1914  

# data[].attributes.subject
Giorgio de Chirico. Mystery and Melancholy of a Street. 1914  

# data[].attributes.headline
Marcel Duchamp. Nude Descending a Staircase, No. 2. 1912 

# data[].attributes.subject
Marcel Duchamp. Nude Descending a Staircase, No. 2. 1912 

# data[].attributes.headline
Umberto Boccioni. Unique Forms of Continuity in Space, 1913

# data[].attributes.subject
Umberto Boccioni. Unique Forms of Continuity in Space, 1913

# data[].attributes.headline
Giacomo Balla, Dynamism of a Dog on a Leash, 1912

# data[].attributes.subject
Giacomo Balla, Dynamism of a Dog on a Leash, 1912

# data[].attributes.body
Italian Futurism:

sought to reject the past and bring Italy into the future; interest in new

technology, speed, and movement

# data[].attributes.headline
Vasily Kandinsky. Sketch I for   “Composition VII.” 1913 

# data[].attributes.subject
Vasily Kandinsky. Sketch I for   “Composition VII.” 1913 

# data[].attributes.headline
Vasily Kandinsky, Improvisation 28 (second version), 1912

# data[].attributes.subject
Vasily Kandinsky, Improvisation 28 (second version), 1912

# data[].attributes.body
German Expressionism: Der Blaue Reiter:

looking for spirituality and “universal truths;”

Abstract art vs. non-objective art, non-narrative art, non-representational art

# data[].attributes.headline
Ernst Ludwig Kirchner, Street, Berlin, 1913

# data[].attributes.subject
Ernst Ludwig Kirchner, Street, Berlin, 1913

# data[].attributes.headline
Ernst Ludwig Kirchner. Street, Dresden. 1908 

# data[].attributes.subject
Ernst Ludwig Kirchner. Street, Dresden. 1908 

# data[].attributes.body
German Expressionism: Die Brücke:

dissatisfaction with industrial modern life; looking to

German past with woodblock prints

# data[].attributes.headline
Pablo Picasso. Guitar, Sheet Music, and Wine Glass. 1912 (Synthetic Cubism)

# data[].attributes.subject
Pablo Picasso. Guitar, Sheet Music, and Wine Glass. 1912 (Synthetic Cubism)

# data[].attributes.headline
Georges Braque, The Portuguese, 1911 (Analytical Cubism)

# data[].attributes.subject
Georges Braque, The Portuguese, 1911 (Analytical Cubism)

# data[].attributes.headline
Pablo Picasso. Les Demoiselles d’Avignon (The Young Ladies of Avignon). 1907 (Pre-Cubism)

# data[].attributes.subject
Pablo Picasso. Les Demoiselles d’Avignon (The Young Ladies of Avignon). 1907 (Pre-Cubism)

# data[].attributes.body
Analytic Cubism

: deconstructing space; showing more than one viewpoint at the same time;

influence of Cezanne

Synthetic Cubism:

building up images; use of collage; “real” vs. illusion

# data[].attributes.headline
Henri Matisse. Femme au chapeau (Woman with a Hat). 1905 

# data[].attributes.subject
Henri Matisse. Femme au chapeau (Woman with a Hat). 1905 

# data[].attributes.body
Fauvism:

removing the naturalistic description function from color

# data[].attributes.headline
Constantin Brancusi. Bird in Space. 1928 (unique cast) 

# data[].attributes.subject
Constantin Brancusi. Bird in Space. 1928 (unique cast) 

# data[].attributes.body
Ideas to Know:



Escaping modernity



What do the Post-Impressionists share in common with the Impressionists? Where do

they vary?



Symbolism: Emphasized world of dreams, moods, fears, and desires over the everyday,

contemporary world; dissatisfaction with modernity



Art Nouveau (1890-1900): Mostly architecture and decorative arts; characterized by

abstract organic forms; influenced by William Morris’s Arts and Crafts Movement

# data[].attributes.headline
Alphonse Mucha, Dreaming (Reverie), lithograph, 1897

# data[].attributes.subject
Alphonse Mucha, Dreaming (Reverie), lithograph, 1897

# data[].attributes.headline
Victor Horta. Interior stairwell of the Tassel House, Brussels. 1892–93

# data[].attributes.subject
Victor Horta. Interior stairwell of the Tassel House, Brussels. 1892–93