# data[].attributes.body
The Berlin Wall divided Eastern and Western Germany. On August 13 1961, the Berlin Wall went up. It was a nine foot wall topped with barbed wire and guarded by soldiers to keep East Germans from crossing over to the west side. Khrushchev oversaw the walls construction. In the 1940's, as the FRG's (west side aka Federal Republic of Germay)  economy improved, people fled the economically depressed German Democratic Republic (Eastern Germany aka GDR) which the soviets created. The building of the wall came as a surprise to West Germany. Though the Soviets had occasionally cut off East Berlin's access to West Berlin, no one expected that they would build a wall to separate West Berlin permanently. For several days, Allied troops faced off against Soviet tanks as the wall was constructed. There was little the United States could do. The Soviets were careful to continue to allow Allied troops to come into East Berlin, but no longer could East Germans enter West Berlin.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Special Report: Peter Jennings delivers "astonishing news" out of Germany.

# data[].attributes.body
Today, Donald Trump speaks about building a wall. He is receiving a lot of backlash for this. One of the many reasons, is that people are comparing it to the Berlin Wall. The immigration policy is separating families like the Berlin Wall did. Putting up a wall and dividing people like the Berlin Wall did is not desirable to many Americans.

# data[].attributes.body
Article: http://ic.galegroup.com/ic/uhic/ReferenceDetailsPage/ReferenceDetailsWindow?disableHighlighting=false&displayGroupName=Reference&currPage=&scanId=&query=&source=&prodId=UHIC&search_within_results=&p=UHIC%3AWHIC&mode=view&catId=&u=eliz67579&limiter=&display-query=&displayGroups=&contentModules=&action=e&sortBy=&documentId=GALE%7CBT1605203015&windowstate=normal&activityType=&failOverType=&commentary=

1 book:
American Decades Primary Sources 1960-1969
by Cynthia Rose

Internet:
https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2013/08/the-real-meaning-of-ich-bin-ein-berliner/309500/

http://www.shmoop.com/historical-texts/ich-bin-ein-berliner/summary.html

http://www.biography.com/people/nikita-khrushchev-9364384

# data[].attributes.body
Nikita Khrushchev was the Soviet Union leader during the Berlin crisis. He rose to power after Joseph Stalin’s death in 1953. Kruschev gave a speech in 1956 known as a “secret speech.” He had discussed Stalin’s crimes and started a process known as “de-Stalinzation.” He played an important role in the Cuban Missile Crisis and supervised the construction of the Berlin Wall.

On October 14, 1964 Khrushchev retired. He later died on September 11, 1971 in Moscow.

# data[].attributes.body
"We cannot expect Americans to jump from capitalism to Communism, but we can assist their elected leaders in giving Americans small doses of socialism until they suddenly awake to find they have Communism."
~Nikita Khrushchev

# data[].attributes.body
John F Kennedy had given a speech in Berlin on June 26, 1963. This speech was one of his most inspiring speeches of his presidency. His most famous quote from the speech is "Ich bin ein Berliner" which means "I am a Berlinner." in German. Kennedy says he praises their resilience. Now he has the audiences attention and they are on his side. Kennedy then explained that the Berlin wall was "the communist world’s mark of evil." Kennedy predicts that Germany will soon be united again as one.

“Freedom is indivisible, and when one man is enslaved, all are not free. When all are free, then we can look forward to that day when this city will be joined as one and this country and this great continent of Europe in a peaceful and hopeful globe.”

# data[].attributes.body
The Berlin crisis brought the U.S and the Soviet Union close to war as it did prior to the Cuban missile crisis. In the summer of 1961, Krushchev closed the border between East and West Berlin. In turn, Kennedy dispatched 40,000 additional troops in Europe.

Even though the crisis was over, the issues that caused it would not be solved until 1972. In 1972, the Soviets and Americans recognized East and West Germany as separate nations. Western access to Berlin was guaranteed. In 1989 the Berlin wall, the symbol of the cold war, was torn down and the “evil empire” collapsed afterwards.