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Thank you for your Padlet submission.  Your articles are interesting and analysis insightful.  You may want to include the problem of youth unemployment in China.  Jobs were difficult to get with the increasing number of graduates entering the workforce.  You may want to include ways in which the government create jobs by increasing the number of government projects etc.  Well, hope to receive your final written report!

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Thank you for your Padlet submission.  Your articles are interesting and analysis insightful.  You may want to include the problem of youth unemployment in China.  Jobs were difficult to get with the increasing number of graduates entering the workforce.  You may want to include ways in which the government create jobs by increasing the number of government projects etc.  Well, hope to receive your final written report!

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The Gross Domestic Product per capita in China was last recorded at 6497.50 US dollars in 2015. The GDP per Capita in China is equivalent to 51 percent of the world's average. GDP per capita in China averaged 1467.42 USD from 1960 until 2015, reaching an all time high of 6497.50 USD in 2015 and a record low of 132 USD in 1962.

http://www.tradingeconomics.com/china/gdp-per-capita

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Inflation

China's consumer prices rose 1.2 percent year-on-year in April of 2017, following a 0.9 percent rise in March and slightly above market consensus of a 1.1 percent gain. It was the highest inflation rate since January, as cost of non-food rose at a faster pace and cost of food fell less than in a month earlier. On a monthly basis, consumer prices went up 0.1 percent, after declining 0.3 percent in a month earlier while markets estimated a flat reading. Inflation Rate in China averaged 5.37 percent from 1986 until 2017, reaching an all time high of 28.40 percent in February of 1989 and a record low of -2.20 percent in April of 1999.

http://www.tradingeconomics.com/china/inflation-cpi

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Inflation

China Inflation Rate At 3-Month High Of 1.2% In April!

China's consumer prices rose 1.2 percent year-on-year in April of 2017, following a 0.9 percent rise in March and slightly above market consensus of a 1.1 percent gain. It was the highest inflation rate since January, as cost of non-food rose at a faster pace and cost of food fell less than in a month earlier.

http://www.tradingeconomics.com/china/inflation-cpi

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Youth Unemployment Rate
The youth unemployment rate in China has risen from 9.3 percent in 2010 to 10.6 percent last year. It is projected to reach 10.8 percent this year and 11.1 percent in 2016, the ILO said.

China's youth population will actually have shrunk by a quarter over those seven years, to 181 million, but the number of young people without jobs will have dropped by only 1 million over the same period.

Azita Berar-Awad, director of the ILO’s employment department, said slower growth meant fewer jobs for young Chinese who had migrated to the cities, but a surfeit of graduates was also to blame.

"They've had an explosion of university graduates in the past so many years, with investments in universities, and not all these qualified young people find jobs that meet their qualifications, even in a growing economy like China," she said.

In some other countries, more people going to university has helped reduce youth unemployment, as young people leave the labour market.

http://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-employment-china-idUKKCN0S22QI20151009

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-Kenneth

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-AGEING POPULATION-
Chinese women are having fewer children, but having a smaller generation follow a boom generation - and longer life expectancies - means that by 2050, it is expected that for every 100 people aged 20-64, there will be 45 people aged over 65, compared with about 15 today.

China’s dependency ratio for retirees could rise as high as 44% by 2050. According to the UN, it will take China just 20 years for the proportion of the elderly population to double from 10% to 20% (between 2017-2037).
/www.forbes.com/sites/kenrapoza/2017/02/21/chinas-aging-population-becoming-more-of-a-problem/#f723e56140f3

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Continue reading the main story
China's population is ageing. By 2050 more than a quarter of the population will be over 65 years old and younger generations face an unprecedented burden of care.

In the late 1970s and early 1980s, the government advocated a "later, longer, fewer" lifestyle, encouraging people to marry later, have wide gaps between children and fewer children overall. It also instated the controversial one-child policy. These were attempts to curb population growth in a bid to help modernise the economy.

Chinese women are having fewer children, but having a smaller generation follow a boom generation - and longer life expectancies - means that by 2050, it is expected that for every 100 people aged 20-64, there will be 45 people aged over 65, compared with about 15 today.

Use the slider below the graphs to see how China's age structure is changing

Source: United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2010)

Only children from single-child parents face what is known as the 4-2-1 phenomenon: when the child reaches working age, he or she could have to care for two parents and four grandparents in retirement. One-child couple Zini and Lin are in that situation, and their family are concerned.
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China's fertility rate - the average number of children a woman has in their lifetime - is 1.6, which is lower than the rate in the UK and the US.

The Chinese government believes the one-child policy curtailed population growth, and that it prevented 400 million extra births.

The BBC asked Cai Yong, a population expert at the University of North Carolina, to estimate what the country's population growth would have been without the one-child policy.

His findings suggest that China's fertility would have declined at a similar rate without the one-child policy and would continue to decline even if the policy was discarded.

How did the one-child policy affect population levels?
Cai Yong writes:
The UN's Population Division and statisticians from the University of Washington developed a set of sophisticated models to predict a country's future fertility based on its fertility change history and fertility trends in all other countries.

Applying the same model to China, assuming we only know its fertility history prior to the one-child policy, we can "predict" China's fertility level since. The "predictions" can then be compared with what really happened.

China had a remarkable success in fertility reduction in the 1970s, before the introduction of the one-child policy: China's fertility dropped from 5.8 children per woman in 1970 to 2.7 in 1978. The model suggests that fertility would have continued its decline without the one-child policy, and possibly would have declined even faster.

This last point seems to be counterintuitive, but one explanation could be that the policy caused anxiety among the population, which prompted many to have children at an earlier time. There was a decline in age at first marriage and age at first childbearing in the 1980s.

Many exemptions to the one-child policy are made depending on location, job and the sex of your first child. Families who are not subject to any exemption can, if they can afford it, pay the fine for breaking the one-child rule and have more children. However, the policy took a toll on many families.

Critics point to the measures taken to ensure its implementation, including forced abortions, sterilisations and sex-selective abortions, which have skewed China's sex ratios; the latest census figures suggested nearly six boys were born to every five girls. Fertility decline is a global phenomenon: most developing countries experience fertility reduction without any draconian governmental measures.

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Continue reading the main story China's population is ageing. By 2050 more than a quarter of the population will be over 65 years old and younger generations face an unprecedented burden of care. In the late 1970s and early 1980s, the government advocated a "later, longer, fewer" lifestyle, encouraging people to marry later, have wide gaps between children and fewer children overall.

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Unemployment Rate in China decreased to 3.97 percent in the first quarter of 2017 from 4.02 percent in the fourth quarter of 2016. Unemployment Rate in China averaged 4.12 percent from 2002 until 2017, reaching an all time high of 4.30 percent in the fourth quarter of 2003 and a record low of 3.90 percent in the third quarter of 2002.

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Overview of economic growth
With a population of 1.3 billion, China is the second largest economy and is increasingly playing an important and influential role in development and in the global economy. China has been the largest contributor to world growth since the global financial crisis of 2008.

Yet China remains a developing country (its per capita income is still a fraction of that in advanced countries) and its market reforms are incomplete. According to China’s current poverty standard (per capita rural net income of RMB 2,300 per year in 2010 constant prices), there were 55 million poor in rural areas in 2015.

Rapid economic ascendance has brought on many challenges as well, including high inequality; rapid urbanization; challenges to environmental sustainability; and external imbalances. China also faces demographic pressures related to an aging population and the internal migration of labor.

Significant policy adjustments are required in order for China’s growth to be sustainable.  Experience shows that transitioning from middle-income to high-income status can be more difficult than moving up from low to middle income.

China’s 12th Five-Year Plan (2011-2015) and the newly approved 13th Five-Year Plan (2016-2020) forcefully address these issues. They highlight the development of services and measures to address environmental and social imbalances, setting targets to reduce pollution, to increase energy efficiency, to improve access to education and healthcare, and to expand social protection. The annual growth target in the 12th Five-Year Plan was 7 percent and the growth target in the 13thFive-Year Plan is 6.5 percent, reflecting the rebalancing of the economy and the focus on the quality of growth while still maintaining the objective of achieving a “moderately prosperous society” by 2020 (doubling GDP for 2010-2020).

http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/china/overview#1