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Watch Free Movies and TVShows. Category: TV-Series, Title: Teen Wolf - 2011 year.A somewhat awkward teen is attacked by a werewolf and inherits the curse itself, as well as the enem...

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Evaluate the relative contributions of the three Energy Systems in a footballer during a match:::(Mark scheme

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Evaluate the relative contributions of the three Energy Systems in a footballer during a match:::(Mark scheme

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Relative contribution of the Energy Systems will be determined by the skill and fitness of the

-Opposition
-breaks in play
-pace of the game
-position of the player
-individual’s fitness level

ATP-PC

Short duration , 1-10 sec at maximal intensity

Fuel source is Creatine phosphate.

No Fatigue causing causing by-product

eg-sprinting to stop an attacking move by opposition, gaol kicker diving  to save goal.

Lactic Acid

Moderate duration at a high intensity between 20 sec to 2 min

fuel source is anaerobic glycolysis/glucose

lactic acid is a fatigue causing by product and will see cessation of activity or reduce intensity

eg- broken play up and down field for 20 + secs

Aerobic

Play at lower intensity

fuel source is aerobic glycolysis/glucose, fat and proteins

No fatigue causing by-products

duration can continue as long as fuel supply exists

eg-passing and low intensity play off ball.

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Footballer:
Uses Fartlack (Speed Play) Jogging, Walking, Running & Sprinting.
- This causes the player to use different energy system
- For sprinting and kicking a ball, this requires high burst amount of energy therefore this uses anaerobic energy system. However, it can only be used for 10 second.

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Football
ATP-PC system (usually includes explosive/sudden movements)
Lactic Acid System
Aerobic System (only one that is aerobic)

Incidences of tackling (ATP-PC) other players might happen

includes sprinting, jogging, walking (change of pace)

ATP-PC also in sprinting to the ball when player is not near it
Kicking ball ball over long distances

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Soccer

Goalkeeper
Goalkeepers will usually utilize the Creatine Phosphate system. Goalkeeping is a skill that requires the performer to react only when the ball is in danger of entering the goal. Depending on the number of shots taken by the opposing team, and the number of shots that are 'on-target', will directly affect the amount of energy the goalkeeper will need to use. Diving in front of a shot to stop it usually happens once or twice every 10 minutes, depending on the game, a high energy, short term performance.

Defenders

Midfielders

Winger

Striker

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Football
1. ATP-CP system (anaerobic)
- This energy system is the predominant energy system used by footballers
-This energy system is used when footballers have to chase the loose ball to gain possession, dribble pass defender, perform a sudden change in direction and striking the ball during shooting and goal kicks
- Strikers and defenders rely on this energy system the most since the former always have to shake of their defender and the latter has to tackle or catch up with the attacker
2. Lactate system (anaerobic)
- This energy system is used when footballers(especially defenders) are running up the field for attack but suddenly have to run back to defend opponent's counter attack
-the process can take around 30seconds to 2 minutes.
3. The aerobic system (aerobic)

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Football/soccer
Goalkeeper
ATP-CP: used when diving to make a save or when sprinting out towards during a one on one against a player. Also used when kicking the ball especially when kicking long distances.
Aerobic: used when the ball is nowhere near the goal
Defender
ATP-CP used when sprinting and when tackling a player. used when kicking/clearing the ball. used when jumping to head the ball.
Anaerobic: used during sprints in conjunction with ATP-CP system. used when dribbling the ball.
Aerobic: used when moving across the field when not in possession of the ball.

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footballer
-change of pace sport
- thus mix of anerobic glycolysis and aerobic glycolysis occur with slight amounts of creatine phosphate used as well. Aerobic systems arent used for large period of the game however everynow and then when the ball isnt in theiur zone aerobic respiration occurs in order to help replenish the bodies requirement for ATP
- creatine phosphate system ; largely used by strikers as it only lasts for 10-20 seconds however provides quick bursts of energy for the striker to sprint and shoot the ball as quickly as possible.
- glycolysis largely occurs in midfeilders as they constantly move from the attack to defense and move the ball up thus a mix of anerobic and slight amounts of aerobic system is used.

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Golf
ATP-CP: used during a normal swing to provide explosive power for a short amount of time in order to hit long distances. This system can only last up to 20 seconds hence it is perfect for usage during the swing
Aerobic: used during every other time besides the swing such as walking to the next shot. Also used during shots that do not require the player to hit long distances such as putting and chipping
Anaerobic system: used when running from shot to shot because referees are constantly asking players to speed up play also when you hear "FORE" being shouted from a neighboring fairway

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Running
Arerobic energy system (this is for 10km runners):
- Creating aerobic energy for running using glucose (Aerobic glycolysis allows the body to produce 38 molecules of ATP for every molecule of oxygen through the use of glucose in the presence of oxygen)
- Creating aerobic energy for running using fats (after several minutes the body would start to use fats, as our bodies would not consistently produce enough ATP for our body. Thats why fats are used)

Anaerobic energy system (this is for 400, 800 meter runners, it uses the body's glucose stores without the presents of oxygen):
- As at a high intensity training the body is unable to maintain the oxygen produce for the body thats why it is transferred to anaerobic energy system.
- Other than producing energy to run, the body also produce a waste product of lactic acid this would therefore cause the muscle to weak in muscle contraction.

The Creatine Phosphate Energy System (this energy system is only present for a few system without the use of glucose or oxygen):
- This is for 100 meter sprinter
- As it can only maintain for only 10 second

end.

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ATP-CP system (Creatine Phosphate system)
provides with the most energy in shortest time
anaerobic
20 seconds

Lactic Acid System
anaerobic

Aerobic system
converts ADP to ATP

Skiing (each energy system 33% contribution)
Mainly lactic acid system (33%) because each race event usually not more than 3 minutes

Elite skiers (training) though expensive, unnecessary and uncomfortable/cross country skiers (Aerobic system) (33%)

ATP-PC system (33%)
only for the first few seconds to starting to ski from a dead stop

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swimming
- Creatine phosphate system largely used.
- anerobic
-last 10-20 seconds
- creatine provides phosphate to adp forming atp
- not sustainable
-only used when swimmers initially jump off the platform and for the first few strokes when they come out of the water.
-these actions occur so quickly body is not able to meet needs of oxygen.
- When swimmers begin the actual swim towards the end , glycolysis occurs
-Lasts for maximum 2 minutes
- can be both anerobic and aerobic
- for short sprints anerobic glycolysis is used and the conversion of glycogen to glucose by glycogenlysis before its broken down to pyruvate by glycolysis
- for longer events such as the 1500 m swim a mixture of  , glycolysis and aerobic systems are used
- at the start generally anerobic glycolysis is used before the body switches to aerobic glycolysis in which pyruvate is converted to acetyl coa which is then sent to the mitochondria where the aerobic processes such as kreb cycle, electron transport chain and chemiosomosis providing the body with 36 atp molecules
- towards the end anerobic glycolysis occurs as the body is not able to meet its demand for oxygen thus pyruvate is converted to lactate which lowers the ph value of the body
- when the swimmer emerges the breathe heavily as they try to overcome their oxygen dept.
end

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Shooting nick@nine.net
1) Creatine Phosphate system; Used when moving the rifle or pistol in the case of rapid fire shooting, trap and skeet shooting. Creatine system also used when pulling the trigger of the weapon. The Creatine Phosphate system is also utilized when moving into different positions in the case of prone and 3 point shooting competitions.
2) Aerobic System; Utilized in the cases of moving and shooting, which includes, but not limited to, warfare and hunting. Warfare, police and murder shooting situations usually require the performers to move around constantly, especially if the other party involved is armed or if maximum damage is desired. In sniper and hunting shooting situations, performers are usually made to sit in the same spot for a long amount of time

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Cycling
1. ATP-CP system (anaerobic)
- the system provide the largest amount of energy in a short time period exercise in highest intensity(20 seconds)
- Creatine phosphate is broken down into phosphate kinase to provide energy
- In cycling, this energy system will be used when cyclists are starting to cycle uphill, during start of the race and during the final spurt.
2. Lactate system (anaerobic)
- the system provide enough ATP to fuel 1 to 3 minutes of intense activity
- Glucose is the only fuel that can be used in this system, it is broken down into pyruvate
- Lactic acid is produced as by product
- In cycling, this energy system will be used when cyclists are increasing speed to forsake the peloton
3. The aerobic system(aerobic)
- Use glucose, fats and protein as fuels
- Oxygen has to be present
- Produce relatively smaller amount of energy for prolonged activity
- In cycling, this energy system will be used when cyclists are cycling at a steady speed
- This is the predominant energy system in Cycling since the sport involves long distance and cyclists kept cycling in a constant speed most of the time.
*The ratio of energy systems being used in cycling is 10:20:70