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Delian League - Aims, Organisation, Activities - Question Responses
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9. What was the significance of the Battle of Eurymedon for the future of the League?

In this battle, Cimon, the League’s strategos hoped to strike a mortal blow at the Persians so that they would not dare to enter the Aegean again. Cimon did inflict a crushing defeat on the Persian navy with Plutarch recording that he “threw back the barbarians with great slaughter”. As Eurymedon carried out the League’s objectives of freeing the Greek cities under Persian control and making Aegean secure from attack, it had justified its existence up to this point.

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6. How and where were decisions taken and who led the League’s forces?

The Island of Delos was chosen to be the Delian League headquarters which is significant because it conveyed the League to be ally-centred and not Athenian-centred. It was chosen because of the advantages like it contained a good harbour, had a deep religious significance for all, it was located in a geographical beneficial position but most importantly it was politically neutral and did not veer to one specific Greek state. The Athenian Cimon led the league’s forces

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athens developed the ability to control the Delian league however it was placed into the position of control as it had administrative and military control. A

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Athens developed the ability to control the League however it was placed into the position of control as it had administrative and military control. There were several key events in which Athens demonstrated their power over the league. For example, moving the headquarters of the league from Delos to Athens, implying Athens had a better defence in case of an attack. Furthermore, Athens enforced the League’s oath on those states who sought independence. Many argue this was Athens attempting to build an empire however some say Athens were just abiding by the Delian League’s oath of allegiance.

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The battle of Eurymedon was a victory for the Greeks and showed that the Persians could be defeated. After the Battle had been won the Delian leagues aims were thus seen as complete.

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6. Athens lead the Lead as Hegemony. The forces were led by Cimon whom was the strategos. The League met at Delos and voted on decisions

7. Athens developed the ability to control the League however it was placed into the position of control as it had administrative and military control through Aristides and Cimon. As well as the Hellomontamaie who assessed the tribute donations.

8. Skyrus was justified by the development of trade within the Aegean. Carystus was justified because the area could have been used as a forward base for the Persians to attack the rest of the League. Naxos was justified because they tried to break their oath and secede from the league.

9. The battle of Eurymedon was a clear victory for the Greeks and proved that the Persians were not invincible. Also, there was a substantial reward for the victory. The Peace of Calcus was also derived after this victory and meant that the original aims of the League were fulfilled. This meant that it was no longer an ‘aims justified’ League and a control justified League.

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Delos was the Leagues headquarters and site of treasury and meetings of allies. Athens was the most influential state in the voting process. All states had one vote and all votes were equal.
Cimon, the Athenian , was commander of the League's fleet and forces.

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Oaths of loyalty: According to the Athenian Tribute Lists, “I will not revolt from the people of Athens nor will I permit another to do so”.
Members also had the same enemies, and where all strong enemies of Persia

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Two types of members in the Delian League were ship donors or money donors towards the tribute

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the oaths were that the league would unite and wait till the iron bars floats up from the sea. this shows that the League was unified and a strong league.

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1. What was the purpose behind the formation of the Delian League?

Offensive aim of the League

To seek compensation from the Persians for the damage that Greece had suffered at the hands of the invaders

“Object being to compensate themselves for their losses by ravaging the territory of the King of Persia” - Thucydides

To liberate the Greeks of Asia Minor who were still under the control of the Persian king

Defensive aim of the League

To provide future security against another Persian attack

Regular contributions from the Allies were needed

Because only way to guarantee the freedom of the Greeks was via keeping fleet in condition which enable it to set to sea/fight any time

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1. What did the oaths of allegiance indicate about the League?

When an ally joined the Delian League, the inference was certainly that membership was to be permanent. In fact, when they joined they had to swear “the oath to the Ionians that they should have the same enemies and friends” and to confirm this “they sank lumps of iron in the sea” as reported by ancient author Aristotle. This oath proved to be a subtle form of Athenian control and as time went on, the nature of the oath implied unambiguous subservience to the Athenian empire.

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Aristides was the administrator for the League during the early stages of the league. He assessed the necessary contribution of each state.

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5. The oaths were that the league would have the same enemies until the lumps of iron floated – this shows that the league was very strong and formidable but also hell bent on revenge against Persia

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Aristides in the early years of the League was the key administrator for the League, assessing the necessary contribution of each state.

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1. The purpose of the Delian League was to allow the Greek states to have a defence against a second Persian invasion of Greece and her islands. Another key purpose and/or aim of the league was to seek compensation from the Persians for the damage that their first invasion caused, as well as the liberate fallen Greek states in Asia Minor.

2. Sparta did not protest against conceding leadership over Athens as it meant that Sparta no longer had to participate in the offensive against Persia, which resulted in more soldiers holding the domestic stability within Sparta against the helot class revolting. Additionally, Sparta preferred to stay isolated as it lessened the desire for citizens to leave Sparta as they experienced other societies. Also, Sparta was no longer seen as a desirable hegemon after the failure of Pausanias and rejection of Dorcis.

3. Aristides ‘The Just’ played an integral part in the early stages of the Delian League. He is considered the ‘general founder’ of the Delian League and was influential in gathering other Greek states to unite and join the league. He is well-known for his honesty and integrity. As a result, Aristides was appointed administrator and evaluated a fair contribution each state was to pay.

4. The two types of members were defined as to what they paid/offered the League as a membership payment. There were tribute paying states who offered money and then states who offered ships as a way for membership. The payment of ships became outdated as many states saw this as leaving themselves defenceless.

5. Upon joining the Delian League, members took an oath of allegiance. This oath included throwing iron bars into the ocean and IF they rose to the surface, the member could leave the league. In addition, the oath swore that each state had the same friends and enemies according to Aristotle. This oath implied the League was permanent.

6. The decisions would have been made in Delos in a democratic manner which involved voting. It’s unknown if all the states had equal voting rights but many do imply that; Athens being the leader however was most likely the most influential in voting and decision making. Athens could have controlled the voting of smaller states by using their intimidation and their status, Cimon, an Athenian, led the league’s forces which also included their fleet.

7. As the hegemony of the Delian League, Athens had a large influence over the states of the league and as a result, this may have led to the building of an Athenian Empire. There were several key events in which Athens demonstrated their power over the league. For example, moving the headquarters of the league from Delos to Athens, implying Athens had a better defence in case of an attack. Furthermore, Athens enforced the League’s oath on those states who sought independence. Many argue this was Athens attempting to build an empire however some say Athens were just abiding by the Delian League’s oath of allegiance. However, Athens had a great potential to transform the Delian League into an Athenian Empire if they wished.

8. The league justified the attack on Skyrus as it acted as base of operations for pirates acting in the Aegean Sea - Making trade safer for the Delian League’s members and increased the wealth of both Athens and the League (forced tributes/membership from Skyrus - Cleruchy). The activities against Carystus acted as a preemptive strike in the case that Carystus (a neutral state) ever became a Persian Base - imposing membership into the league. The response to the revolt in Naxos is justified as it sent a message/ made a statement to other members looking to leave the league - “Once a member, always a member,” - which is said to hold unity and structure within the league, maintaining strength and presences.

9. The Battle of Eurymedon was of great significance to the league and its member states; firstly, this battle removed and destroyed the majority of Persia’s remaining forces completely eliminating any further threats in the Aegean. The battle also justified the actual creation of the league, to safeguard and protect the Aegean and Greece member states from future Persian attack.

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4. The original league members were either tribute states for coin or tribute states for ships

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1.       Spartan King Pausanias was revealed as an arrogant leader that upset the Spartans and offended the other Greeks. ‘insults far and wide’.

2.       Sparta was reluctant to continue the war against Persia in the east, preferring to return to its isolationist policy and concentrate on keeping its Helot population under control.

3.       Athens was the only other Greek state that could take of the role. Plus, they had a racial descent with the Ionians.

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The purpose of the Delian league was to gain a sense of security from the Persians and to compensate Greek losses. Also, it was to liberate the states of the Asia minor that were still under control of the Persian king. It was also to maintain freedom of the Greeks from the Persians.

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2. Sparta didn’t protest the shift of Power to the Athenians as they had their own domestic problems with the helot uprising as well as wanting to become more recluse. The Spartans also respected the Athenians for their battles at the Salamis / ionia

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The Delian League was formed to develop and united Greek force against the Persian threat.

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Delian League - Aims, Organisation, Activities

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Delian League - Aims, Organisation, Activities