# data[].attributes.headline
Acoustic tweezer nature review by  Prof. Tony Huang group

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Acoustic tweezer nature review by  Prof. Tony Huang group

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Accepted after three and a half years.....

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Abstracts due 4 December 2018

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Transducers 2019 - EUROSENSORS XXXIII | 23-27 June 2019 | Berlin, Germany

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The 20th International Conference on Solid-State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems, Transducers 2019 - EUROSENSORS XXXIII | 23-27 June 2019 | Berlin, Germany

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What Determines the Drop Size in Sprays?Stefan Kooij, Rick Sijs, Morton M. Denn, Emmanuel Villermaux, and Daniel BonnPhys. Rev. X 8, 031019 (2018) – Published 20 July 2018

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Abstract

In many instances, sprays are formed from the breakup of liquid jets or sheets. We investigate the different parameters that determine the characteristic drop size in the breakup of sheets. We vary both the spraying parameters, such as the pressure and geometry of the nozzle, and the fluid parameters, such as viscosity and surface tension. The combined results show that the drop size is determined by a competition between fluid inertia and surface tension, which allows for the prediction of the drop size from the Weber number and geometry of the nozzle. Once rescaled with the average drop size, the size distribution is found to be described by a compound gamma distribution with two parameters, n and m , with the former setting the ligament corrugation and the latter the width of the ligament size distribution. Fit values for m indicate that nozzles of a conical type produce ligaments of almost equal size, while the flat fan nozzles produce broader distributed ligament sizes. Values for n show that, for all nozzles, ligaments are very corrugated, which is not unexpected for such spray formation processes. By using high-speed photography of the sprays, the parameters m and n can be directly measured and, indeed, govern the drop-size distribution.
10 More
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevX.8.031019

Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article's title, journal citation, and DOI.

Published by the American Physical Society

Authors & Affiliations

¹Van der Waals-Zeeman Institute, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, Amsterdam, Netherlands

²Benjamin Levich Institute, City College of New York, CUNY, New York, New York 10031, USA

³Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, IRPHE UMR 7342, 13384 Marseille, France

⁴Institut Universitaire de France, 75005 Paris, France

Popular Summary

Spraying is important in a wide range of contexts such as agriculture, drug administration, printing, and firefighting. Controlling the size and distribution of droplets is critical for effective spray application. While much work has been done on optimizing drop size in sprays, most research to date has dealt only with a few specific aspects of droplet formation. Here, we experimentally investigate all parameters that affect drop size and show how to predict drop size and distribution from first principles.

We study the breakup of flat or conical liquid sheets formed with standard spraying nozzles used in many applications, and we systematically vary parameters such as nozzle type, spraying pressure, and fluid properties such as viscosity and surface tension. We determine the droplet size distribution with laser diffraction, which allows for the measurement of droplet sizes in specific locations of the spray. The drop size results from a competition between fluid inertia and surface tension and can be described with knowledge of the nozzle geometry and the Weber number, a dimensionless parameter that characterizes fluid flow in the presence of interfaces.

Our results should lead to smarter designs for nozzles that produce monodispersed droplets. Future work could look at non-Newtonian fluids and a wider range of nozzle types and spray formation mechanisms.

Article Text

References

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
What Determines the Drop Size in Sprays?

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Abstract In many instances, sprays are formed from the breakup of liquid jets or sheets. We investigate the different parameters that determine the characteristic drop size in the breakup of sheets. We vary both the spraying parameters, such as the pressure and geometry of the nozzle, and the fluid parameters, such as viscosity and surface tension.

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We present a fundamentally new approach to laboratory acoustic and seismic wave experimentation that enables full immersion of a physical wave propagation experiment within a virtual numerical environment

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We present a fundamentally new approach to laboratory acoustic and seismic wave experimentation that enables full immersion of a physical wave propagation experiment within a virtual numerical environment

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Have a read!

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Abstract

We present a fundamentally new approach to laboratory acoustic and seismic wave experimentation that enables full immersion of a physical wave propagation experiment within a virtual numerical environment. Using a recent theory of immersive boundary conditions that relies on measurements made on an inner closed surface of sensors, the output of numerous closely spaced sources around the physical domain is continuously varied in time and space. This allows waves to seamlessly propagate back and forth between both domains, without being affected by reflections at the boundaries between both domains, which enables us to virtually expand the size of the physical laboratory and operate at much lower frequencies than previously possible (sonic frequencies as low as 1 kHz). While immersive boundary conditions have been rigorously tested numerically, here we present the first proof of concept for their physical implementation with experimental results from a one-dimensional sound wave tube. These experiments demonstrate the performance and capabilities of immersive boundary conditions in canceling boundary reflections and accounting for long-range interactions with a virtual domain outside the physical experiment. Moreover, we introduce a unique high-performance acquisition, computation, and control system that will enable the real-time implementation of immersive boundary conditions in three dimensions. The system is capable of extrapolating wave fields recorded on 800 simultaneous inputs to 800 simultaneous outputs, through arbitrarily complex virtual background media with an extremely low total system latency of 200  μ s. The laboratory allows studying a variety of long-standing problems and poorly understood aspects of wave physics and imaging. Moreover, such real-time immersive experimentation opens up exciting possibilities for the future of laboratory acoustic and seismic experiments and for fields such as active acoustic cloaking and holography.
6 More
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevX.8.031011

Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article's title, journal citation, and DOI.

Published by the American Physical Society

General Physics Interdisciplinary Physics

Viewpoint

Published 16 July 2018

A new approach to laboratory acoustic experiments could remove unwanted effects caused by the reflections of acoustic waves from the boundaries of the experimental setup.

See more in Physics

Authors & Affiliations

Theodor S. Becker*, Dirk-Jan van Manen, Carly M. Donahue, Christoph Bärlocher, Nele Börsing, Filippo Broggini, Thomas Haag, and Johan O. A. Robertsson

ETH Zürich, Institute of Geophysics, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
Darren R. Schmidt
Viviota™, Cedar Park, Texas 78613, USA
Stewart A. Greenhalgh
King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, College of Petroleum Engineering & Geosciences, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
Thomas E. Blum
EPFL, Geo-Energy Laboratory, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland

*theodor.becker@erdw.ethz.ch

Popular Summary

Seismic waves propagating through Earth's interior allow scientists to study the plane's internal structure. Moreover, advances in high-performance computing enable the simulation of seismic wave propagation with ever-increasing physical and structural complexity. However, gaps still exist between field observations and computer simulations. Laboratory seismic experiments can play a crucial role in bridging such gaps, but they suffer from a number of limitations. We present a fundamentally new laboratory that circumvents some of these limitations by linking a physical experiment with a computer simulation in real time, thereby fully immersing the physical experiment in a virtual world.

The smallest seismic wavelengths are considerably larger than a laboratory, contaminating the signal of interest in the form of undesired wave field reflections at the boundary of the laboratory. This is commonly overcome by increasing the frequency of the probing signal, thereby reducing its wavelength and duration, which allows signals of interest to be isolated. However, as the wave propagation in Earth materials is significantly frequency dependent, this can impede the understanding of real-world observations.

Our laboratory features a high-performance computing engine that predicts the wave field at the laboratory boundary, emits a wave field that destructively interferes with the undesired reflections, and simulates the interactions with the virtual surroundings. This suppresses reflections from the laboratory boundary and allows the study of realistic Earth materials at frequencies closer to those observed in the field.

Our setup allows the study of a variety of long-standing problems and poorly understood aspects of wave physics and imaging. Moreover, such real-time immersive experimentation opens up exciting possibilities for the future of laboratory acoustic and seismic experiments and for fields such as active acoustic cloaking and holography.

Article Text

References

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Immersive Wave Propagation Experimentation: Physical Implementation and One-Dimensional Acoustic Results

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Abstract We present a fundamentally new approach to laboratory acoustic and seismic wave experimentation that enables full immersion of a physical wave propagation experiment within a virtual numerical environment. Using a recent theory of immersive boundary conditions that relies on measurements made on an inner closed surface of sensors, the output of numerous closely spaced sources around the physical domain is continuously varied in time and space.

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Laser-induced fluorescence for flow tracking - more info

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Laser-induced fluorescence for flow tracking - more info

# data[].attributes.headline
Laser-Induced Fluorescence for flow tracking

# data[].attributes.subject
Laser-Induced Fluorescence for flow tracking

# data[].attributes.headline
Slow motion video of continuous atomization using 900mW

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Slow motion video of continuous atomization using 900mW

# data[].attributes.headline
5-axis small CNC machine --- maybe for lab? Thoughts?

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5-axis small CNC machine --- maybe for lab? Thoughts?

# data[].attributes.body
Arrived, can fit one person comfortably..

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Poster for acoustofluidics 2018!

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[News Article in Nature] Interesting update in piezoelectrics

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[News Article in Nature] Interesting update in piezoelectrics

# data[].attributes.body
These advances probably won't be important for us in the near future, but perhaps good to be aware of. They are still polycrystalline and contain lead...

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Piezoelectric "micro" pump: Takago Industries

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Piezoelectric "micro" pump: Takago Industries

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Standard flow rate | 3 or 7 ml/min
Max. pump pressure | 45 kPa
Outer dimensions | 25 x 25 x 4.8 mm

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Piezoelectric Micro Pump - Takasago Fluidic Systems

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Piezoelectric Micro Pump. The piezoelectric micro pump is a miniature, slim and lightweight diaphragm micro pump, which enables continuous micro fluid delivery. Metals are not used as wetted materials so this pump is highly chemically inert. Takasago Fluidic Systems

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Abstract deadline IEEE IUS Kobe Japan: 4 May 2018

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Abstract deadline IEEE IUS Kobe Japan: 4 May 2018

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I will be going...James

# data[].attributes.body
Flammable Safety Cabinet, 24 Gal., Yellow

10 x Pyramex Ztek Safety Eyewear, Clear Anti-Fog Lens With Clear Frame

TrippNT 50059 White PVC 16 Compartment Safety Glass Holder, 18" Width x 12" Height x 8" Depth

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Shuai enjoying a strategic time-out during 2018 MADlab spring cleaning day... "this is the most relaxing position to rest" - Shuai Zhang.

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Shuai enjoying a strategic time-out during 2018 MADlab spring cleaning day... "this is the most relaxing position to rest" - Shuai Zhang.

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MicroTAS abstract opening: Kaoishung Taiwan this year

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MicroTAS abstract opening: Kaoishung Taiwan this year

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Chemical and Biological Microsystems Society -

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The Chemical and Biological Microsystems Society (CBMS) is a non profit organization without membership, aiming at the promotion and advancement of science and engineering in the field of chemical and biological microsystems, and to stimulate the exchange of ideas and information between academic, industrial, and government researchers.

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Bill and Shuai: New holographic microscopy approach?

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Bill and Shuai: New holographic microscopy approach?

# data[].attributes.body
http://pubs.rsc.org/en/Content/ArticleLanding/2018/LC/C7LC01304C?utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=pub-LC-vol-18-issue-7&utm_source=toc-alert#!divAbstract

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Lab cleanup / safety check instead of group meeting.

# data[].attributes.body
Strangely shaped signal from “2W cart amp”

# data[].attributes.headline
Ordered 2 Tektronix CT2 current probes ... 1.2kHz to 250MHz 2.5A continuous current from Technitool

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Ordered 2 Tektronix CT2 current probes ... 1.2kHz to 250MHz 2.5A continuous current from Technitool

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Shop for CT2 Tektronix Probe Current 200 MHz XFMR at Techni-Tool.

# data[].attributes.headline
Ordered 2 Amplifier Research 5U1000 DC-1GHz 5W amplifiers

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Ordered 2 Amplifier Research 5U1000 DC-1GHz 5W amplifiers

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Will update on arrival time as it comes available.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.keywords[]
rf and microwave and millimeter wave amplifiers

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
AR RF/Microwave Instrumentation manufactures and distributes RF amplifiers, microwave amplifiers, antennas, precompliance test systems, and other products for EMC and RF testing.

# data[].attributes.body
Azlon 516555-0001 Heavy-Duty PMP Serrated Pointed Fine Tip Tweezers, 4.5" L; 6/Cs

UX-07290-50

Mfr # 516555-0001

Cole-Parmer Forceps, plastic, fine tip; 50/pk

UX-75955-15

# data[].attributes.headline
LOL: OK, the wafer 3-prong gripper from the last MADLab meeting? Uh, it is simply a pair of plastic tweezers spread out to grab the wafer...

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LOL: OK, the wafer 3-prong gripper from the last MADLab meeting? Uh, it is simply a pair of plastic tweezers spread out to grab the wafer...

# data[].attributes.headline
Air compressor for Elveflow to make it portable has been ordered

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Air compressor for Elveflow to make it portable has been ordered

# data[].attributes.body
AirCompressorsDirect.com:
Your Order Number Is: ACD1668326

Your order has been received successfully.

California Air Tools 14 Piece Air Compressor Accessory Kit

Model: CAT-376

$19.99

Eagle Silent Series 1-HP 1-Gallon Hot Dog Air Compressor

Model: EA-3000

$159.20

# data[].attributes.body
ESK03/M Posts & Accessories Essentials Kit, Metric and Universal Components 1 $1,064.00 $1,064.00 USD

MB4560U/M Unanodized Aluminum Breadboard, 450 mm x 600 mm x 12.7 mm, M6 Taps 1 $393.72 $393.72 USD

BE1R/M Ø31.8 mm Magnetic Studded Pedestal Base Adapter, M6 Thread 3 $16.73 $50.19 USD

--- TURNS OUT THERE IS NO MAGNETIC BREADBOARD/OPTICAL BOARD AVAILABLE...so Aluminum it is... : /

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MADLab responsibilities --- in form format!

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MADLab responsibilities --- in form format!

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Well, it's ready, such as it is via the link: when next we clean and organize the lab, we have a checklist to work with.

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Google Forms - create and analyze surveys, for free.

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Create a new survey on your own or with others at the same time. Choose from a variety of survey types and analyze results in Google Forms. Free from Google.

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[Paper] Advances in piezoelectric thin films for acoustic biosensors,acoustofluidics and lab-on-chip applications

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[Paper] Advances in piezoelectric thin films for acoustic biosensors,acoustofluidics and lab-on-chip applications

# data[].attributes.body
A detailed review paper of piezoelectric thin film for acoustics

# data[].attributes.body
Good for me to read through...

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Particle Focusing and Patterning from channel-based acoustic waveguides - may be useful for Aditya and Jiyang...

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Acoustic Characterization of a Vessel-on-a-Chip Microfluidic System for Ultrasound-Mediated Drug Delivery

I Beekers, T van Rooij, MD Verweij, M Versluis… - IEEE Transactions on …, 2018

Ultrasound in the presence of gas-filled microbubbles can be used to enhance local uptake
of drugs and genes. To study the drug delivery potential and its underlying physical and
biological mechanisms, an in vitro vessel model should ideally include 3D cell culture,

[PDF] Modulation of the Drag Force Exerted by Microfluidic Flow on Laser-Trapped Particles: A New Method to Assess Surface-Binding Kinetics, Analyte Size, and Solution …

WD Simpson, V Heinrich - Biophysical Journal, 2018

We have designed and validated a platform capable of assessing minuscule changes of the
viscous drag force that different fluid environments exert on individual, micrometer-sized
particles. Based on a combination of optical tweezers and a microfluidic device, this platform

Simulation and verification of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) channels on acoustic microfluidic devices

S Padilla, E Tufekcioglu, R Guldiken - Microsystem Technologies, 2018

Abstract Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is widely used as a channel material in microfluidic
applications. Due to its highly elastomeric characteristics, PDMS absorbs the acoustic
energy of the surface acoustic waves (SAWs) generated by the interdigital transducers

# data[].attributes.headline
Need help with career advice and don't know where to start?

# data[].attributes.subject
Need help with career advice and don't know where to start?

# data[].attributes.body
Then have a look here, they've good advice that'd I'd wished I'd known years ago...

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
This makes it your best opportunity to have a positive impact on the world.

If you're fortunate enough to be able to use your career for good, but aren't sure how, our career guide can help you:

Get new ideas for fulfilling careers that do good

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Make a plan you feel confident in

It's based on 10 years of research alongside academics at Oxford. We're a nonprofit, and everything we provide is free.
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Career guide

Our career guide covers everything you need to know about how to find a fulfilling career that does good, from why you shouldn't "follow your passion," to why medicine and charity work aren't always the best ways to help others.

It's full of practical tips and exercises, and at the end, you'll have a draft of your new career plan.
Read our career guide
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The issue you work on is probably the most important factor determining your impact. It's important to focus on issues that are not only big, but also neglected and tractable. We think some such issues even threaten the long-run future of humanity - making them especially high priority.

The highest impact paths are those that put you in the best position to tackle the most pressing problems. To help you get ideas for ways to contribute, we review some common options and list some unusual but especially high-impact paths.

The series covers our most important and novel research findings about how to increase the impact of your career, including: what "doing good" even means, why reducing existential risk might be humanity's biggest and most neglected priority, and how to avoid accidentally making things worse.

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This makes it your best opportunity to have a positive impact on the world. If you're fortunate enough to be able to use your career for good, but aren't sure how, we can help

# data[].attributes.body
1 | | AP90/M
x 2 | | AP90- x1 | HW-KIT2/M- x1 | MSB30/M- x1

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[Paper] Microscale fluid pump using sharp edges and acoustic streaming

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[Paper] Microscale fluid pump using sharp edges and acoustic streaming

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The flow is certainly not uniform (see supplementary videos) and in certain spots seems to be going in reverse. Unclear if they have solve the issues that we raise in the LoC Review...

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* Corresponding authors

Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, USA
E-mail: junhuang@psu.edu

Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, USA

Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, USA

Ascent Bio-Nano Technologies Inc., State College, USA

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A reliable and programmable acoustofluidic pump powered by oscillating sharp-edge structures

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We present a programmable acoustofluidic pump that utilizes the acoustic streaming effects generated by the oscillation of tilted sharp-edge structures. This sharp-edge-based acoustofluidic pump is capable of generating stable flow rates as high as 8 μL min−1 (~76 Pa of pumping pressure), and it can tune flo

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Samsung 32GB BAR (Metal) USB 3.0 Flash Drive, Speed Up to 150MB/s (MUF-32BA/AM) x 7 for group

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[PAPER] Acoustic Virtual Vortices with Tunable Orbital Angular Momentum

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[PAPER] Acoustic Virtual Vortices with Tunable Orbital Angular Momentum

# data[].attributes.headline
George Orwell's five rules for clearer English writing.

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George Orwell's five rules for clearer English writing.

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This probably will help you write better papers and proposals, at the very least it will make your writing more enjoyable to read.

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Writing right: how to write papers in leading sentence form for higher impact (from American Scientist)

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Writing right: how to write papers in leading sentence form for higher impact (from American Scientist)

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Basic Principles of Efficacy (from Boice)

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Basic Principles of Efficacy (from Boice)

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All: try to see if you're able to adopt these habits to make writing and other difficult things easier to take on:

Basic Principles of Efficacy

Following are the ten fundamental rules of efficacy that proved most effective in helping chronic, problem procrastinators manage comfort and fluency compared to matched controls. Each rule was accompanied in the study with detailed strategies for practice and assessment (Boice, 1995a; 1995b); here I greatly abbreviate the rules.

1. Wait. Waiting helps writers (and teachers) develop patience and direction for writing by tempering rushing. Its exercises include methods for calming, slowing, and noticing before and during starts. At first glance, this rule seems at odds with the second.

2. Begin before feeling ready. The second rule coaches writers in systematic ways of finding imagination and confidence; writers practice regular bouts of collecting, filing, rearranging, and outlining ideas while making sure they solve the right problem and have the right materials and plans at hand. Neither efficacy nor its rewards, including happiness, just happen; they must be prepared for and cultivated (Csikszentmihalyi, 1994). The second rule, incidentally, is often mastered before the first; there is no necessary chronology or separation in these admonitions.

3. Work in brief, daily sessions. Writers are advised to work regularly at prewriting, at writing, and at additional things easily procastinated and blocked. But the rule also means maintaining a regular habit of brief sessions that will persist because it does not supplant other important activities. Its strategies include contingency management (but only in the short run, until a habit of regular work is established; writers perform better with intrinsic motivation). A distinctive quality of productive, creative people is that each day they return to their desks (Gardner, 1993).

4. Stop. Stopping means halting in timely fashion, when breaks are needed or when enough has been done for the day. It means moving on from writing to other things including rest. This most difficult rule is practiced by means of planned breaks, by stopping early (often in the midst of tasks), and with external reminders (for example, social cues, such as a prearranged phone call from a friend about when to stop.

5. Balance preliminaries with writing. Writers practice the balance rule by scheduling periods of delay before moving from preliminaries to actual writing. They make clear, manageable plans for collecting, organizing, and conceptual outlining—in a way that ensures as much time spent on these preliminaries as on writing.

6. Supplant self-defeating thinking and habits. The sixth rule is about moderating the pessimistic, self-denigrating thoughts that lead to depression and inaction or overreaction (Seligman, 1991). It is also about changing habits that otherwise incline writers to shyness, suspiciousness, and related self-defeating behaviors (Baumeister & Scher, 1988). At its most complex, it teaches ways of making the private bets that discourage impulsiveness, by requiring a price for impetuous acts of procastinating and blocking. When these bets are made well, they recast the penalty for defaulting as too expensive to permit indulgence in escape behaviors—those immediately rewarding acts that tempt us to be disobedient and self-defeating (Ainslie, 1975; Logue, 1994). Other exercises include (a) habitual monitoring for negative talk about the self and for maladaptive styles of working and (b) practice of rational-emotive therapies to defuse and redirect irrational thinking in and around sessions.

7. Manage emotions. The seventh rule, like the sixth, is about self-control but more about the emotional side of writing. In particular it means monitoring for and moderating the hypomania that can make writing rushed and superficial. It means working at a moderate pace punctuated by occasional bursts of excitement and accent that energize but do not prevent returning to unhurried gaits of working, that do not induce enduring depression (Boice, 1994). The resulting patterns of variability in pacing and emotional emphasis resemble what Carl Rogers identified as ‘‘focused voice’’ in his pioneering observations of expert therapists (Hill & Corbett, 1993).

8. Moderate attachments and reactions. The rule about moderation reflects the finding, in composition research, that successful writers tend to be less attached to their writing, especially in its formative stages. Their detachment allows more revision and more benefit from critics; it makes inevitable criticism less devastating. Writers in the treatment program are coached to notice when they are reluctant to stop during sessions, when they feel their early plans and drafts are already brilliant, when they are unwilling to share unfinished work because its ideas may be stolen.

9. Let others, even critics, do some of the work. The penultimate rule requires even more letting go, delegating, collaborating. It leads to regularly scheduled sharing of work and soliciting constructive praise and criticism. It engages writers in role-played approximations to socially skilled ways of handling and learning from criticism (for example, ‘‘Yes, I can see how someone might react that way . . .’’).

10. Limit wasted effort. Because this last rule, about not wasting efforts, comes late in the year-long program, when writers are beginning to work on their own, its practices are somewhat idiosyncratic. It nonetheless has a common theme, one originating in the finding that resilience in writing relies most heavily on ways of working with minimal wasted effort. Its exercises focus on monitoring for inefficiencies, notably impatience (for example, rushing work until fatigue sets in) and intolerance (for example, overreacting to an interruption or criticism).

- Boice, R. (1995a). Developing teaching, then writing amongst new faculty. Research in Higher Education, 36, 415–456.
- Boice, R. (1995b). Writerly rules for teachers. Journal of Higher Education, 66, 32–60.

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Wired Magazine: Second coming of ultrasound

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Wired Magazine: Second coming of ultrasound

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Fairly hyped up work, but anyway an interesting read on medical applications of ultrasound

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Before Pierre Curie met the chemist Marie Sklodowska; before they married and she took his name; before he abandoned his physics work and moved into her laboratory on Rue Lhomond where they would discover the radioactive elements polonium and radium, Curie discovered something called piezoelectricity. Some materials, he found-like quartz and certain kinds of salts and ceramics-build up an electric charge when you squeeze them. Sure, it's no nuclear power. But thanks to piezoelectricity, US troops could locate enemy submarines during World War I. Thousands of expectant parents could see their baby's face for the first time. And one day soon, it may be how doctors cure disease.

Ultrasound, as you may have figured out by now, runs on piezoelectricity. Applying voltage to a piezoelectric crystal makes it vibrate, sending out a sound wave. When the echo that bounces back is converted into electrical signals, you get an image of, say, a fetus, or a submarine. But in the last few years, the lo-fi tech has reinvented itself in some weird new ways.

Researchers are fitting people's heads with ultrasound-emitting helmets to treat tremors and Alzheimer's. They're using it to remotely activate cancer-fighting immune cells. Startups are designing swallowable capsules and ultrasonically vibrating enemas to shoot drugs into the bloodstream. One company is even using the shockwaves to heal wounds -stuff Curie never could have even imagined.

So how did this 100-year-old technology learn some new tricks? With the help of modern-day medical imaging, and lots and lots of bubbles.

Bubbles are what brought Tao Sun from Nanjing, China to California as an exchange student in 2011, and eventually to the Focused Ultrasound Lab at Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School. The 27-year-old electrical engineering grad student studies a particular kind of bubble-the gas-filled microbubbles that technicians use to bump up contrast in grainy ultrasound images. Passing ultrasonic waves compress the bubbles' gas cores, resulting in a stronger echo that pops out against tissue. "We're starting to realize they can be much more versatile," says Sun. "We can chemically design their shells to alter their physical properties, load them with tissue-seeking markers, even attach drugs to them."

Nearly two decades ago, scientists discovered that those microbubbles could do something else: They could shake loose the blood-brain barrier. This impassable membrane is why neurological conditions like epilepsy, Alzheimer's, and Parkinson's are so hard to treat: 98 percent of drugs simply can't get to the brain. But if you station a battalion of microbubbles at the barrier and hit them with a focused beam of ultrasound, the tiny orbs begin to oscillate. They grow and grow until they reach the critical size of 8 microns, and then, like some Grey Wizard magic, the blood-brain barrier opens-and for a few hours, any drugs that happen to be in the bloodstream can also slip in. Things like chemo drugs, or anti-seizure medications.

This is both super cool and not a little bit scary. Too much pressure and those bubbles can implode violently, irreversibly damaging the barrier.

That's where Sun comes in. Last year he developed a device that could listen in on the bubbles and tell how stable they were. If he eavesdropped while playing with the ultrasound input, he could find a sweet spot where the barrier opens and the bubbles don't burst. In November, Sun's team successfully tested the approach in rats and mice, publishing their results in Proceedings in the National Academy of Sciences.

"In the longer term we want to make this into something that doesn't require a super complicated device, something idiot-proof that can be used in any doctor's office," says Nathan McDannold, co-author on Sun's paper and director of the Focused Ultrasound Lab. He discovered ultrasonic blood-brain barrier disruption, along with biomedical physicist Kullervo Hynynen, who is leading the world's first clinical trial evaluating its usefulness for Alzheimer's patients at the Sunnybrook Research Institute in Toronto. Current technology requires patients to don special ultrasound helmets and hop in an MRI machine, to ensure the sonic beams go to the right place. For the treatment to gain any widespread traction, it'll have to become as portable as the ultrasound carts wheeled around hospitals today.

More recently, scientists have realized that the blood-brain barrier isn't the only tissue that could benefit from ultrasound and microbubbles. The colon, for instance, is pretty terrible at absorbing the most common drugs for treating Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, and other inflammatory bowel diseases. So they're often delivered via enemas-which, inconveniently, need to be left in for hours.

But if you send ultrasound waves waves through the colon, you could shorten that process to minutes. In 2015, pioneering MIT engineer Robert Langer and then-PhD student Carl Schoellhammer showed that mice treated with mesalamine and one second of ultrasound every day for two weeks were cured of their colitis symptoms. The method also worked to deliver insulin, a far larger molecule, into pigs.

Since then, the duo has continued to develop the technology within a start-up called Suono Bio, which is supported by MIT's tech accelerator, The Engine. The company intends to submit its tech for FDA approval in humans sometime later this year.

Instead of injecting manufactured microbubbles, Suono Bio uses ultrasound to make them in the wilds of the gut. They act like jets, propelling whatever is in the liquid into nearby tissues. In addition to its backdoor approach, Suono is also working on an ultrasound-emitting capsule that could work in the stomach for things like insulin, which is too fragile to be orally administered (hence all the needle sticks). But Schoellhammer says they have yet to find a limit on the kinds of molecules they can force into the bloodstream using ultrasound.

"We've done small molecules, we've done biologics, we've tried DNA, naked RNA, we've even tried Crispr," he says. "As superficial as it may sound, it all just works."

Earlier this year, Schoellhammer and his colleagues used ultrasound to deliver a scrap of RNA that was designed to silence production of a protein called tumor necrosis factor in mice with colitis. (And yes, this involved designing 20mm-long ultrasound wands to fit in their rectums). Seven days later, levels of the inflammatory protein had decreased sevenfold and symptoms had dissipated.

Now, without human data, it's a little premature to say that ultrasound is a cure-all for the delivery problems facing gene therapies using Crispr and RNA silencing. But these early animal studies do offer some insights into how the tech might be used to treat genetic conditions in specific tissues.

Even more intriguing though, is the possibility of using ultrasound to remotely control genetically-engineered cells. That's what new research led by Peter Yingxiao Wang, a bioengineer at UC San Diego, promises to do. The latest craze in oncology is designing the T-cells of your immune system to better target and kill cancer cells. But so far no one has found a way to go after solid tumors without having the T-cells also attack healthy tissue. Being able to turn on T-cells near a tumor but nowhere else would solve that.

Wang's team took a big step in that direction last week, publishing a paper that showed how you could convert an ultrasonic signal into a genetic one. The secret? More microbubbles.

This time, they coupled the bubbles to proteins on the surface of a specially designed T-cell. Every time an ultrasonic wave passed by, the bubble would expand and shrink, opening and closing the protein, letting calcium ions flow into the cell. The calcium would eventually trigger the T-cell to make a set of genetically encoded receptors, directing it it to attack the tumor.

"Now we're working on figuring out the detection piece," says Wang. "Adding another receptor so that we'll known when they've accumulated at the tumor site, then we'll use ultrasound to turn them on."

In his death, Pierre Curie was quickly eclipsed by Marie; she went on to win another Nobel, this time in chemistry. The discovery for which she had become so famous-radiation-would eventually take her life, though it would save the lives of so many cancer patients in the decades to follow. As ultrasound's second act unfolds, perhaps her husband's first great discovery will do the same.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Before Pierre Curie met the chemist Marie Sklodowska; before they married and she took his name; before he abandoned his physics work and moved into her laboratory on Rue Lhomond where they would discover the radioactive elements polonium and radium, Curie discovered something called piezoelectricity.

# data[].attributes.headline
Lab equipment and consumables order just placed...

# data[].attributes.subject
Lab equipment and consumables order just placed...

# data[].attributes.body
Order Details
Order #113-3821489-5274643
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# data[].attributes.headline
Need to convert that LaTeX file to Word or HTML? Or vice-versa or something else? Use Pandoc...

# data[].attributes.subject
Need to convert that LaTeX file to Word or HTML? Or vice-versa or something else? Use Pandoc...

# data[].attributes.headline
[PAPER] Possible technique to help form tin droplet stream

# data[].attributes.subject
[PAPER] Possible technique to help form tin droplet stream

# data[].attributes.headline
1A wall plug power supplies for amplifiers ordered from Digikey

# data[].attributes.subject
1A wall plug power supplies for amplifiers ordered from Digikey

# data[].attributes.body
237-1461-ND
WSU240-1000
AC/DC WALL MOUNT ADAPTER 24V 24W

FedEx ground

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
20180111 Digikey lab equipment receipt 46pt26

# data[].attributes.body
Microscope.com
Your order #200043334
Placed on January 11, 2018 5:05:59 PM EST

ItemSkuQtySubtotalMS33A Fully Adjustable Articulating Arm with Single Locking Knob | MS33A | 1 | $99.00Edge AM7115MZTW 2X~50X 5.0MP Metal Handheld Macro Digital Microscope | TMS-AM7115MZTW | 1 | $995.00
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[PAPER] For Bill and Shuai, but also maybe for others

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[PAPER] For Bill and Shuai, but also maybe for others

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Fractional calculus (using fractional derivatives) can be used to represent chaotic behavior.

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RevModPhys.86.1169 West Fractional Calculus and Complexity 2014

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Si-LN bonding - integrating SAW with its amplifier in a complete device

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Si-LN bonding - integrating SAW with its amplifier in a complete device

# data[].attributes.body
Helpful for Naiqing, but maybe others as well.

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Lithium-Niobate-Based Surface Acoustic  Wave Oscillator Directly Integrated  with CMOS Sustaining Amplifier_LT

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[PAPER] Can we do something like this, but acoustically?

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[PAPER] Can we do something like this, but acoustically?

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Simultaneous Characterization of Nanoparticle Size and Particle-Surface Interactions

with Three-Dimensional Nanophotonic Force Microscopy

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[PAPER] two directional rotating disc using SFIT

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[PAPER] two directional rotating disc using SFIT

# data[].attributes.headline
Origami-inspired structure lifts 1000x own weight (LA Times article)

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Origami-inspired structure lifts 1000x own weight (LA Times article)

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Scientists at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University have developed a variety of origami-inspired artificial muscles that can lift up to a thousand times their own weight - and yet be dexterous enough to grip and raise a delicate flower.

The devices, described in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, offer a new way to give soft robots super-strength, which could be used everywhere from inside our bodies to outer space.

Historically, robots have been made of metal and other hard materials because it gives them strength. But robots also need to be made out of soft, pliant parts to deal with hard-to-reach places, navigate unpredictable environments and safely interact with people. (Consider, for example, the dangers of shaking hands with a robot with a steely grip.)

So scientists have increasingly tried to make robots with soft parts. In earlier times, those bits were relegated to a hard robot's outsides, essentially as padding. But researchers are increasingly building robots whose other crucial parts are soft - recently going so far as to create an octopus-inspired robot.

"We've been interested in soft robots for a long time because they're safe, because they are compliant and because they can deal with uncertainty," said roboticist Daniela Rus, director of MIT's Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory and one of the study's senior authors. "They're very robust and easy to control, relatively speaking."

But there's been one big drawback to soft-bodied bots: Unlike robots made out of hard materials, they're not exactly power-lifters.

"What we want are soft, safe, compliant robots that have strength, that have the properties that are now achievable with hard-bodied systems," Rus said. "This way we have the best of both worlds."

Rus and her colleagues solved this problem by drawing upon origami techniques, which have recently proved useful for making many kinds of robots. (One such bot, RoboBee, was pioneered by fellow senior author Robert Wood of Harvard.) Origami techniques have the potential to produce many complex designs at low cost because they use small amounts of material and surprisingly simple processes.

For this work, the scientists used origami techniques to create muscle-like structures that could give a limb flexibility but still allow it to move without needing any hard parts.

They designed folded structures specifically meant to shorten, curl, twist or bend into specific shapes when they were compressed. The researchers sealed those long folded structures in a bag of polymer "skin" and filled them with air or another fluid. When a vacuum sucked the fluid out, the origami structure squeezed together, contorting into the shape determined by its folding patterns.

This is a snake-like robotic arm with a flower-like gripper driven by a single vacuum source. Shuguang Li

The muscles may be artificial, but experiments demonstrate that they're certainly strong. Shuguang Li

The researchers found that some origami muscles could squeeze down to a tenth of their original size, or lift up to a thousand times their own weight. They could produce roughly six times as much force per unit of area as mammalian muscle.

Each fold pattern can only move in one way, but Rus said many different patterns could be linked together for a multifunctional robot, like an origami Swiss Army knife.

Such robotic limbs could be used at tiny scales, perhaps to do repair work inside of our bodies. They could be useful at large scales, for building in outer space. They could enable wearable exoskeletons for lifting heavy objects, or be sent to probe deep-sea environments. They could even do the most deceptively mundane tasks - such as lifting a heavy carton of milk or a bunch of grapes without squashing them.

A more human-scale proof of concept could be next on the to-build list, the scientist said.
amina.khan@latimes.com Follow @aminawrite on Twitter for more science news and "like" Los Angeles Times Science & Health on Facebook. MORE IN SCIENCE Artificial lights are eating away at dark nights - and that's not a good thing Mars may not have the water we thought it did, study shows Scientists aim to fight climate change with super plants
"I want to make an elephant," Rus said with a laugh. "Or maybe a baby elephant."

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Inspired by origami, scientists build artificial muscle that lifts 1,000 times its own weight

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Scientists at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University have developed a variety of origami-inspired artificial muscles that can lift up to a thousand times their own weight - and yet be dexterous enough to grip and raise a delicate flower.

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20180110 MADLab meeting agenda and outcomes

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20180110 MADLab meeting agenda and outcomes

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See attached PDF for today's meeting agenda and my notes.

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...is provided here on the Google Drive for the MADLab group.

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FFT...time domain...chirped signal...What was the takeaway from the discussion about LDV measurements during last group meeting?

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FFT...time domain...chirped signal...What was the takeaway from the discussion about LDV measurements during last group meeting?

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something about the amplitude being distributed among the channels. I think we should add a not about this to the SOP.

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Should we create on using excel or use some specialized software?

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here's the Chips and Tips by Richie Shilton: http://blogs.rsc.org/chipsandtips/2011/10/10/drilling-inlet-and-outlet-ports-in-brittle-substrates/

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Properties of Lithium Niobate

Wong, K

[0-85296-799-3; 1-59124-875-2] yr:2002

# data[].attributes.body
EMIS Datareviews

# data[].attributes.body
World Precision Instruments
Your confirmation number is 201801100009.
MM3-3
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Amazon
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L969-ND WAL025969 LAMP MAGNIFIER 5 DIOPTER LED 6W $424.20

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TC4/M Breadboard Mountable Balldriver and Tool Caddy Kit, Metric    1.00   68.09   68.09 USD
VAP10/M 254 mm Travel Vertical Translation Stage, M4 and M6 Taps    1.00  770.10  770.10 USD
PT3/M 25 mm XYZ Translation Stage with Standard Micrometers, M6 Taps    1.00  902.70  902.70 USD
PT3A/M 25 mm XYZ Translation Stage with Differential Micrometers, M6 Taps    1.00 1,168.92 1,168.92 USD
ESK01/M Bases and Post Holders Essentials Kit, Metric and Universal Components    1.00  771.00  771.00 USD
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Grand Total:  4,220.74 USD

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[PAPER] Emerging Trends in Micro- and NanoscaleTechnologies in Medicine: From BasicDiscoveries to Translation

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[PAPER] Emerging Trends in Micro- and NanoscaleTechnologies in Medicine: From BasicDiscoveries to Translation

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We discuss the state of the art and innovative micro- and nano- scale technologies that are finding niches and opening up new opportunities in medicine, particularly in diagnostic and therapeutic applications. We take the design of point-of-care applications and the capture of circulating tumor cells as illustrative examples of the integration of micro- and nanotechnologies into solutions of diagnostic challenges. We describe several novel nanotechnologies that enable imaging cellular structures and molecular events. In therapeutics, we describe the utilization of micro- and nanotechnologies in applications including drug delivery, tissue engineering, and pharmaceutical development/testing. In addition, we discuss relevant challenges that micro- and nanotechnologies face in achieving cost-effective and widespread clinical implementation as well as forecasted applications of micro- and nanotechnologies in medicine.