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Cellular Respiration (Electron Transport Chain)

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https://drive.google.com/open?id=0B___3FvkWuyxbmgxRV9ZRzB3cGc

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Oxidative phosphorylation + electron transport chain

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Oxidative phosphorylation + electron transport chain

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Karolína, Filip, Jakub, Darina

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1eQQZlIYhx0R5PVrHTDYkruX8tC0npixR6-bekxDZckw/edit?usp=sharing

Oxidative phosphorylation - method of producing ATP in large amounts
Electron transport chain - collections of proteins found on the inner membrane of mitochondria
In the chain electrons are released by NADH and FADH2
Then, elecrons transfer their energy to proteins in the chain, providing energy for hydrogen ions to flow across membrane
Molecules exchange the electrons, that are passed from one member to another in a series of redox reactions
Energy realeased is captured as a proton gradient which is used to form ATP in proccess Chemiosmosis
Chemiosmosis + electron transport chain = Oxidative phosphorylation
The process:
Delivery of electrons by NADH and FADH2
NADH AND FADH2 = Reduced electron carriers
Transfer their electrons to molecules near the beginning of the transport chain.
They turn back as NAD+ and FAD, which can be reused in other steps of cellular respiration
Electron transfer and proton pumping
Releasing of energy, as electrons are passed down the chain (move from higher to lower energy level)
Some of the energy is used to pump H+​​ ions, moving them into intermembrane space
This pumping establishes an electrochemical gradient
Splitting of oxygen to form water.
At the end of El. Transport chain → Transfer of electrons to molecular oxygen
Molecular oxygen splits in half and takes H+ ion to form water
Gradient-driven synthesis of ATP.
H+ ions flow down the gradient
They pass through an enzyme called ATP synthase, which makes the flow of protons synthesize ATP

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https://docs.google.com/document/d/12TojfKqw8ahTB9byO0Z8J6y0_-ysxUx8uWHTMcj0sOU/edit?usp=sharing

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Matyáš, Honza, Suren,  Kristína, Annie                  Link reaction:                        We find ourselves at the moment where a cell has produced Glucose after light independent reaction and the glucose was broken down into two Pyruvate (three carbon containing compound) molecules during first process of cell respiration and that is glycolisis, which takes place in cytoplasm. This reaction produced 4 atp molecules and used up 2, so the net production is 2 ATP molecules. A lot of potential energy remains in the two pyruvate molecules, and here the Link reaction starts.                                      If oxygen is present, pyruvates move to a mitochondrial matrix. The goal of Link reaction is to create acetyl CoA for following Crebs cycle. The Link reaction is devided into two steps.         Decarboxylation: The result CoA only contains two carbon molecules, but on the other hand the reaction starts with pyruvate which has three carbon molecules. One carbon molecule was actually lost during this reaction and it bonded with oxygens, creating a CO2 molecule.                 Dehydrogenation: One hydrogen is also lost from the pyruvate during this process. The process of carboxylation was reduction so oxydation has to occur as well. The hydrogen in pyruvate oxydizes and bonds with NAD+, forming NADH.. the last stage is the moment where we add Coenzyme A.. it binds with the two carbon compound and forms the end product of link reaction acetyl CoA.. explanatory video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jP5K24koHqI

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Matyáš, Honza, Suren,  Kristína, Annie                  Link reaction:                        We find ourselves at the moment where a cell has produced Glucose after light independent reaction and the glucose was broken down into two Pyruvate (three carbon containing compound) molecules during first process of cell respiration and that is glycolisis, which takes place in cytoplasm. This reaction produced 4 atp molecules and used up 2, so the net production is 2 ATP molecules. A lot of potential energy remains in the two pyruvate molecules, and here the Link reaction starts.                                      If oxygen is present, pyruvates move to a mitochondrial matrix. The goal of Link reaction is to create acetyl CoA for following Crebs cycle. The Link reaction is devided into two steps.         Decarboxylation: The result CoA only contains two carbon molecules, but on the other hand the reaction starts with pyruvate which has three carbon molecules. One carbon molecule was actually lost during this reaction and it bonded with oxygens, creating a CO2 molecule.                 Dehydrogenation: One hydrogen is also lost from the pyruvate during this process. The process of carboxylation was reduction so oxydation has to occur as well. The hydrogen in pyruvate oxydizes and bonds with NAD+, forming NADH.. the last stage is the moment where we add Coenzyme A.. it binds with the two carbon compound and forms the end product of link reaction acetyl CoA.. explanatory video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jP5K24koHqI

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https://docs.google.com/document/d/1y9Fk4AF6LBF6-i7U55QUjCZcxpAyKNZweV5xKYabOmc/edit?usp=sharing