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Monosaccharides are single sugars:
- glucose
- fructose
- galactose

Disaccharides are a pair of monosaccharides, and always include one glucose:
- maltose (glucose + glucose)
- sucrose (glucose + fructose)
- lactose (glucose + galactose)

Polysaccharides
- few (oligosaccharides) or many (polysaccharides) glucose units bounds/linked together in straight or branch chains

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The adult daily requirements are the same for both men and women. It is recommended that carbohydrates consist of 40-60% of an individual's total energy intake, equalling roughly 220-320grams per day. The Australian average carbohydrate intake as a percentage of their total daily energy intake sits at around 45%.

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MYTH 1 - ALL CARBS ARE UNHEALTHY

There are two types of carbs - simple (found in fruits, vegetables, as well as refined grains, cakes, baked goods) and complex (found in whole-grain bread, pasta, potatoes, legumes). The carbs you want to include in your diet (complex) are nourishing, unrefined, whole grains that are filling, as these give the body necessary nutrients, such as fibre, to digest and sustain energy.

MYTH 2 - CARBS MAKE YOU GAIN WEIGHT

While it’s true you may notice weight-loss when you cut your carbs intake, this can actually just be water weight. Carbs can actually help you lose weight or maintain a healthy weight if you’re eating high-fibre, whole-foods. The fibre content in whole-food carbs is what keeps you full and energised (and less likely to snack on high-calorie foods).

MYTH 3 - CARBS SHOULDN’T BE EATEN IN THE EVENING

Your body processes carbohydrates the same way, no matter what time of day it is.

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The main function of carbohydrates is to provide energy to the body. The macronutrient has multiple sub-functions that occur in our bodies. For example, during digestion, carbohydrates are broken down by digestive enzymes into into monosaccharides that get absorbed. This provides cells, tissues and organs with structure and function.

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Sugar molecules from carbohydrates are used in the Krebs cycle for cells to produce energy.

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Energy is obtained from carbohydrates since they are turned into glucose in the body. The glucose can then be used to generate energy in the form of ATP via aerobic (oxidative phosphorylation) and anaerobic (glycolysis) pathways.

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Energy Content
Carbohydrates contain 17 kJ/gram (4 calories/gram), which is roughly the same as protein and less than half the energy in fats.

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Carbohydrates are stored in the body in the form of glycogen - usually in the liver and muscle.

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1. When resting, people get about 10% of their energy as protein, 40% from fat, and 50% from carbohydrates. In moderate intensity activity, the energy source is 50% fat and 50% carbohydrate.
2. The brain is the only carbohydrate-dependent organ in the body. The brain exclusively uses glucose, a basic simple sugar carbohydrate, to function.
3.  The dramatic weight loss at the outset of a low-carb diet is usually water weight. Your body stores carbs in glycogen in your muscles and liver. When your diet does not provide adequate carbohydrates, your body must call upon its reserves, meaning it releases the glycogen, which is bound up with water.
4. Not just energy: Carbohydrates are responsible for important aspects of living activity and are mainly involved in the oxidation of fats, breakdown of body protein and other human metabolic processes.