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A category of artistic composition, as in music or literature, characterized by similarities in form, style, or subject matter.

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A common type of film used in film photography. This was the most common film type before digital cameras. The width of the film was 35MM

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A darkened box with a convex lens or aperture for projecting the image of an external object onto a screen inside. It is important historically in the development of photography.

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A type of camera with two objective lenses of the same focal length.

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the most commonly used chemical process in black-and-white photography, and is the fundamental chemical process for modern analog color photography.

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A person who searches and collects the most appropriate and effective images for an intended use.

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A public display of works of art or items of interest, held in an art gallery or museum or at a trade fair.

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A room or building for the display or sale of works of art.

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A building in which objects of historical, scientific, artistic, or cultural interest are stored and exhibited.

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A business owned and represented by one or more photographers, possibly accompanied by assistants and pupils, who create and sell their own and sometimes others’ photographs.

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An element of art defined by a point moving in space. Line may be two-or three-dimensional, descriptive, implied, or abstract.

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An element of art that is two-dimensional, flat, or limited to height and width.

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An element of art made up of three properties: hue, value, and intensity.

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An element of art that refers to the way things feel, or look as if they might feel if touched.

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The lightness or darkness of tones or colors. White is the lightest value; black is the darkest. The value halfway between these extremes is called middle gray.

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An element of art that is three-dimensional and encloses volume; includes height, width AND depth (as in a cube, a sphere, a pyramid, or a cylinder). Form may also be free flowing.

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An element of art by which positive and negative areas are defined or a sense of depth achieved in a work of art .

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Balance is the distribution of the visual weight of objects, colors, texture, and space.

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Pattern is the repeating of an object or symbol all over the work of art. Repetition works with pattern to make the work of art seem active.

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Variety is the use of several elements of design to hold the viewer’s attention and to guide the viewer’s eye through and around the work of art.

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Proportion is the feeling of unity created when all parts (sizes, amounts, or number) relate well with each other.

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Movement is the path the viewer’s eye takes through the work of art, often to focal areas. Rhythm is created when one or more elements of design are used repeatedly to create a feeling of organized movement.

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Unity is the feeling of harmony between all parts of the work of art, which creates a sense of completeness.

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Emphasis is the part of the design that catches the viewer’s attention. Usually the artist will make one area stand out by contrasting it with other areas.

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Symmetry around a central axis, as in a starfish or a tulip flower.

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Symmetry is a very formal type of balance consisting of a mirroring of portions of an image

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Asymmetrical balance (or Asymmetry) means that the two halves of the work of art are different, however, try to create balance.

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Juxtaposition is the act of positioning two or more things side by side or close together

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Gradients, also known as color transitions, are a gradual blending from one color to another color

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Colors intended to evoke a cold feeling and describes a color that is calm or soothing in nature.

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Colors intended to evoke warm feelings in people. Also is used to describe any color that is vivid or bold in nature.

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Hues that appear to be without color, and that don’t typically appear on the color wheel.

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A color that combined with a given color makes white or black.

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Containing or using only one color.

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A helpful way of giving feedback that provides specific, actionable suggestions. Constructive criticism gives specific recommendations on how to make positive improvements.

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The practice of taking someone else's work or ideas and passing them off as one's own.

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Relating to moral principles or the branch of knowledge dealing with these.

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Subjective means based on or influenced by personal feelings, tastes, or opinions. Objective means not influenced by personal feelings or opinions in considering and representing facts.

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Copyright protects literary and artistic materials and works, such as books and videos, and is automatically generated upon creation of the work. A trademark, on the other hand, protects items that help define a company brand, such as a business logo or slogan, and require more extensive registration through the government for the greatest legal protections.

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A type of composition in which an image is divided evenly into thirds, both horizontally and vertically, and the subject of the image is placed at the intersection of those dividing lines, or along one of the lines itself.

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Lines that appear in a photograph that have been framed and positioned by the photographer to draw the viewer's eye towards a specific point of interest.

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The golden ratio is a ratio of approximately 1.618 to 1. It is a mathematical formula and composition guide helping to lead the viewer through the entire photo.

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Negative space is the space between, within and surrounding an object in an image, often to form another image or symbol.

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The space defining the actual subject. It is also considered the part of the photograph that jumps out from its surroundings

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Backlight in photography involves positioning the main light source for a photograph behind the primary subject.

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Diffused light, or soft light, is light that's filtered by something.

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Ambient Light refers to any source of light that is not explicitly supplied by the photographer for the purpose of taking pictures.

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The use of strong contrasts between light and dark, usually bold contrasts affecting a whole composition.

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The dark shape and outline of someone or something visible against a lighter background, especially in dim light.

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Two images combined into a single frame or presented together

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A group of 3 separate images displayed together.

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A method of projection in which an object is depicted or a surface mapped using parallel lines to project its shape onto a plane.

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A type of distortion wherein lines that are straight in real life appear to curve inwards (like the walls of a barrel).

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A type of distortion that causes straight lines to curve outwards from the center of the image.

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ISO is your camera's sensitivity to light as it pertains to either film or a digital sensor. A lower ISO value means less sensitivity to light, while a higher ISO means more sensitivity.

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The ASA (American Standards Association) scale is an arbitrary rating of film speed; that is, the sensitivity of the film to light.

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A device that allows the camera to convert photons – that is, light – into electrical signals that can be interpreted by the device

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The random optical texture of processed photographic film due to the presence of small particles of a metallic silver, or dye clouds, developed from silver halide that have received enough photons.

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Digital noise, or electronic noise, is randomness caused by your camera sensor and internal electronics, which introduce imperfections to an image.

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A space through which light passes in an optical or photographic instrument, especially the variable opening by which light enters a camera.

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The term used to denote aperture measurements on your camera

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The distance measured in millimeters, between the optical center of the lens and the camera sensor, where the light information is recorded.

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The distance between the nearest and the furthest objects that give an image judged to be in focus in a camera.

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A popular photographic technique which uses blur to focus the viewer's attention on a specific area of an image.

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When the camera chooses the optimum shutter speed, aperture, ISO and flash settings for your shot.

All you need to do is point and shoot.

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A full manual control of Aperture and Shutter Speed. In this mode, you can manually set both the aperture and the shutter speed to any value you want – the camera lets you fully take over the exposure controls.

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A camera mode in which you manually set your aperture, while the camera automatically selects a shutter speed.

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Allows the user to select a shutter speed while the camera automatically adjusts the aperture to get the correct exposure

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This mode means that the camera still sets the exposure for you, but gives you control over several key elements: flash, exposure compensation, ISO, and white balance.

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The length of time that the film or digital sensor inside the camera is exposed to light (that is, when the camera's shutter is open) when taking a photograph.

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An exposure setting that is used when seeking to use a shutter speed of more than 30 seconds. Generally, this would be used in extremely low light situations, such as taking photos of the night sky.

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The apparent streaking of moving objects in a photograph or a sequence of frames, such as a film or animation.

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A tripod is a three-legged stand for supporting a camera or other apparatus. A monopod is a one-legged support for a camera or fishing rod.

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A term used to define the act of accidentally shaking a camera during shooting due to unsteady hands, which results in blurry images.

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Using a long-duration shutter speed to sharply capture the stationary elements of images while blurring, smearing, or obscuring the moving elements.

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Denoting the photographic technique of taking a sequence of frames at set intervals to record changes that take place slowly over time. When the frames are shown at normal speed, or in quick succession, the action seems much faster.

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A term that describe photographic techniques of moving a light source while taking a long exposure photograph, either to illuminate a subject or space, or to shine light at the camera to 'draw', or by moving the camera itself during exposure of light sources.

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A technique used to capture motion blur and convey movement while keeping a moving subject sharp.

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A shooting mode where the photographer captures several photos in quick succession by either pressing the shutter button or holding it down.

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The “mid-point between black and white on a logarithmic or exponential curve.” Think of it this way; it is simply halfway between black and white.

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With spot metering, the camera will measure only a very small area of the scene (1–5% of the viewfinder area). The user can select a different off-center spot or recompose by moving the camera after metering.

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Partial Metering is a camera-metering mode in which the metering is weighted at the center of the viewfinder (unlike center-weighted in which the camera averages the exposure based on the reading at the center).

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Center-weighted average metering works on the assumption that the most important part of the image is probably in the center. It measures the whole scene but places extra emphasis on the light values in the middle.

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Evaluative metering is the default metering mode on most cameras. It ensures that the camera will automatically adjust to the right exposure setting even when the ambient lighting shows greater contrast.

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A specific part of the frame where the camera is able to focus on something. When looking through the viewfinder, these points are denoted by small squares clustered around the centre of the frame.

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The exposure level indicator shows how much your set exposure values deviate from the levels the camera believes are optimal, which always reside at the standard exposure index.

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A technique where a photographer takes shots of the same image using different camera settings.

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Used to alter exposure from the value selected by the camera, making photographs brighter or darker.

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Helps you adjust the white balance and exposure settings of images by providing a reference point

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A medium tone, one that is neither very dark nor very light.

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The lightest elements in an image.

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Used to describe the darkest parts of an image.

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A small illustration or portrait photograph which fades into its background without a definite border.

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A reddish-brown tone used to create highlights and shadows. Its purpose was to prevent fading and prolong a photograph's life and archival value.

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Used to switch between Workspaces, such as those you have predefined or built-in ones in Photoshop

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The toolbar is where Photoshop holds the many tools we have to work with. There are tools for making selections, for cropping and retouching images, for adding shapes and type, and many more! It is on the left side of the screen.

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Groups of tools used to edit and manipulate your image. They are on the right side of the screen.

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The menu bar is used to open and save files, adjust the canvas size, access some of the editing tools, open and close various windows, and more. The menu bar consists of 11 items: File, Edit, Image, Layer, Select, Filter, Analysis, 3D, View, Window, and Help.

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The Options Bar is the horizontal bar that runs underneath the Menu Bar in Photoshop. The job of the Options Bar is to set the options of the tool you are about to use.