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A train route across the United States, finished in 1869. It was the project of two railroad companies: the Union Pacific built from the east, and the Central Pacific built from the west.

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A town undergoing rapid growth due to sudden prosperity.

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A deserted town with few or no remaining inhabitants.

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The Ghost Dance was a religious ceremony introduced by the Paiute tribe in an area that is now present-day Nevada.

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The system that allotted land with designated boundaries to Native American tribes in the west, beginning in the 1850s and ending with the Dawes Severalty Act of 1887. Within these reservations, most land was used communally, rather than owned individually. The U.S. government encouraged and sometimes violently coerced Native Americans to stay on the reservations at all times.

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An act that broke up Indian reservations and distributed land to individual households. Leftover land was sold for money to fund U.S. government efforts to "civilize" Native Americans. Of 130 million acres held in Native American reservations before the Act, 90 million were sold to non-Native buyers.

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Mark Twain's sarcastic name for the post-Civil War era, which emphasized its atmosphere of greed and corruption

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Faction of the republican party led by Roscoe Conkling who favored high tariffs, hard money, and the spoils system. He also opposed all attempts at civil-service reform.

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Republican party faction led by Senator James G. Blaine that paid lip service to the government reform while still battling for patronage and spoils.

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The Pendleton Act of 1883 was the federal legislation that created a system in which federal employees were chosen based upon competitive exams. This made job positions based on merit or ability and not inheritance or class. It also created the Civil Service Commission.

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After Reconstruction, the South became extremely Democratic. Once they gained control, the Democrats cut back expenses, wiped out social programs, lowered taxes, and limited the rights of tenants and sharecroppers. These white southerners remained a major force in national politics well into the 20th century.

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Name given to African Americans who fled the Southern United States for Kansas in 1879 and 1880 because of racial oppression and rumors of the reinstitution of slavery.

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Neighborhoods in which the majority of people are of the same ethnicity. Examples include Little Italy, Little Hungary, and Chinatown.

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In 1882 halted Chinese immigration to America; Started when people of the West Coast attributed declining wages and economic troubles to the hated Chinese workers; In order to appease them Congress passed the Chinese Exclusion Act.

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A movement designed to assimilate people of wide ranging cultures into the dominate culture. This social movement was sponsored by the government and concerned citizens. Schools and voluntary associations taught immigrants skills need for citizenship, such as English literacy and American history and government.

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The doctrine of noninterference, especially by the government, in matters of economics or business.

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A vision for a self-sufficient southern economy built on modern capitalist values, industrial growth, and improved transportation. Henry Grady, the editor of the Atlanta Constitution, spread the gospel of the wealthy with editorials for economic diversity and laissez-faire capitalism.

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Pioneered by tycoon Andrew Carnegie. It is when you combine into one organization all phases of manufacturing from mining to marketing. This makes supplies more reliable and improved efficiency. It controlled the quality of the product at all stages of production.

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A technique used by John D. Rockefeller. An act of joining or consolidating with ones competitors to create a monopoly. Rockefeller was excellent with using this technique to monopolize certain markets. It is responsible for the majority of his wealth.

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Formed in 1892 by members of the Farmer's Alliance, this party was designed to appeal to workers in all parts of the country. Populists favored a larger role of government in American Society, a progressive income tax, and more direct methods of democracy.