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https://youtu.be/JDa-w3CUFLQ

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It is a form of Japanese ritual suicide by disembowelment. It was originally reserved for samurai. Part of the samurai bushido honor code, seppuku was used either voluntarily by samurai to die with honor rather than fall into the hands of their enemies (and likely suffer torture) or as a form of capital punishment for samurai who had committed serious offenses, or performed because they had brought shame to themselves.

In this case, Katsumoto commits seppuku with the help of Algren.

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A mortally-wounded Katsumoto commits seppuku with Algren's help. The soldiers present in the scene kneel down in respect for the fallen samurai.

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Culture
The Last Samurai reveals that the American perception of people in Japan is increasingly reflecting a genuine understanding of Japanese values which does not rely on a white character to establish a baseline for morality, but which presents Japanese and American morality side by side, leaving viewers to grapple with the positive and negative aspects of each culture.

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The Meiji Restoration also known as the Meiji Ishin, Renovation, Revolution, Reform, or Renewal, was a chain of events that restored practical imperial rule to Japan in 1868 under Emperor Meiji. Although there were Emperors before the Meiji Restoration, the events restored practical abilities and consolidated the political system under the Emperor of Japan.
The goals of the restored government were expressed by the new emperor in the Charter Oath. The Restoration led to enormous changes in Japan's political and social structure, and spanned both the late Edo period (often called the Late Tokugawa shogunate) and the beginning of the Meiji period. The period spanned from 1868 to 1912 and was responsible for the emergence of Japan as a modernized nation in the early twentieth century.

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Back then, peasants ate two meals a day. Samurai enjoyed as many as 3 three meals a day. Meals usually consists of a main course,soup and one vegetable. The soup was usually miso or broth with a little egg and seaweed added. The vegetable was usually pickled.

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The philosophies of Buddhism and Zen, and to a lesser extent Confucianism and Shinto, influenced the samurai culture. The Buddhist concept of reincarnation and rebirth led samurai to abandon torture and needless killing.

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The ‘Imperial Palace’ of the emperor Meiji in ‘Tokyo’: The ‘Imperial Palace’ of the emperor Meiji in ‘Tokyo’ is the 400-year-old Chion-In Temple, Kyoto, where you can see the imposing flight of steps. Much of the filming was in New Zealand, on the hillsides of the Uruti Valley, where the Japanese village was constructed, with Mount Taranaki standing in for ‘Mount Fuji‘.

The port where the dissipated Nathan Algren (Tom Cruise) arrives in ‘Japan’ is a set built at New Plymouth, and the parade ground, where the Japanese troops are trained, and where Algren invites a young recruit to shoot him, is the Pukekura Sports Ground, Pukekura Park, New Plymouth. The ’battle in the fog’ filmed in Mangamahoe Forest, outside the town.Katsumoto’s temple: the restaurant: the Moorish Room, Castle Green, South Raymond Avenue, Pasadena : The restaurant, in which Nathan Algren is introduced to the Japanese gentlemen is closer to Hollywood Katsumoto’s temple: Sho-sha-zan Engyo-ji Temple in Himeji City, Japan : Edward Zwick’s account of the passing of the Bushido code with the Western opening-up of Japan is predictable, but he brings the emotional epic sweep of his previous Glory to this blending of Kagemusha and The Wild Bunch.

Pukekura Park is used as Imperial Army Parade area and Palace.

Lake Mangamahoe is where the horse and battle scenese were filmed at. A lake surrounded by dense forest, with several walk options to lookouts out over the city.

Port Taranaki is a Japanese fishing village where it was built just to be burnt down as a part of the movie.

Uruti Valley , the Japanese Village . Much of the filming centered on the hillsides of the Uruti Valley, which was remodelled slightly to imitate Japanese rural life in the 1860s. Mount Taranaki , New Zealand’s most-climbed mountain, turned on a stunning performance as Mount Fujiyama.

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Introduced to Japan from China in the twelfth century, there the way of the samurai has developed into an exquisite culture of discipline, respect, beauty, and communal solidarity. It is a blend of the traditional training of a warrior with the practice of meditation and arts usually associated today with Zen Buddhism.

Connection between Zen principles and samurai values

With its emphasis on discipline and self-reliant effort, Zen was temperamentally suited to warriors, who on the battlefield required skill and courage. The ultimate goal of Zen is, of course, spiritual awakening and the attainment of Buddhahood, but the concentration and equanimity fostered by the practice of meditation and the directness of mind and expression called for in koan encounters were of great practical use to even the most unenlightened samurai.

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Culture(The start of modernization in Japan)

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Culture(The start of modernization in Japan)

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During Meiji era(1868-1912),The United States and European countries that Japan had been forced into during the Tokugawa shogunate, and to gather information on western social and economic systems, in order to effect the modernization of Japan.

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Technology and Invention in The Last Samurai

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Technology and Invention in The Last Samurai

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Warriors of this era fought on foot with bows, stabbing swords, and spears. Armor was worn, but most warriors probably had only shields. Steel and bronze had come to the Japanese islands with rice and so they knew of and used these materials. The more advanced technology and the better materials, however, were still from the continent.

The Katana is the Japanese samurai's most famous weapon. Japanese blacksmiths' method of repeatedly heating and folding the steel made a katana's sharpness and strength unique among the world's swords. Strong enough to be used defensively but sharp enough to cut through limbs, the katana earned the reputation as the soul of the samurai.

Inventors
There’s little original revolutionary invention in Japan prior to the modern era. When we look at the Gakken mooks, the majority of the foundational science is laid down by the likes of Galileo, and da Vinci. But, there are several kits derived specifically from Japanese inventions. Three of the top Japanese inventors that I am aware of currently are:

Gennai Hiraga (1728-1780). Edo-era inventor that dabbled in static electricity, physics and medicine. The Gakken Static Electricity Generator is based on his design.

Hisashige Tanaka (1799-1881). Late-Edo, Meiji-era inventor, and co-founder of what would later become Toshiba Corporation. The Gakken Tea Carrying Windup Doll is based on his design. While I don’t have an inventor for the device used for the Gakken Dual Pendulum Clock, Hisashige did also work with time pieces, and had invented the Myriad Year Clock.