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BBC - Culture - Do actors have to be human?

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BBC - Culture - Do actors have to be human?

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In a study by the University of Oxford, acting and entertaining ranked as low as 210th in a list of 366 jobs at risk of automation.

But as technology and AI rapidly develop, how is this challenging what it means to give a performance?

In this video, we look at our surprisingly long history of creating robotic performers and find out what it is like to act with and direct a robot on stage.

If you would like to comment on this story or anything else you have seen on BBC Culture, head over to our page or message us on

And if you liked this story, sign up for the weekly bbc.com features newsletter, called "If You Only Read 6 Things This Week". A handpicked selection of stories from BBC Future, Earth, Culture, Capital and Travel, delivered to your inbox every Friday.

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In a study by the University of Oxford, acting and entertaining ranked as low as 210th in a list of 366 jobs at risk of automation. But as technology and AI rapidly develop, how is this challenging what it means to give a performance?

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Intro: 3D Periodic Table

The first periodic table was developed in 1862 by a French geologist called Alexandre-Émile Béguyer de Chancourtois. He plotted the elements on a cylinder with a circumference of 16 units, and noted the resulting helix placed elements with similar properties in line with each other. But his idea - which he called the "Telluric Spiral", because the element tellurium was near the middle - never caught on, perhaps because it was published in a geology journal unread by chemists, and because de Chancourtois failed to include the diagram and described the helix as a square circle triangle. Mendeleev got all the glory, and it is his 1869 version (dramatically updated, but still recognizable) that nearly everyone uses today. This instructable documents my efforts to reimagine a 3D periodic table of the elements, using modern making methods. It's based on the structure of a chiral nanotube, and is made from a 3D printed lattice, laser cut acrylic, a lazy susan bearing, 118 sample vials and a cylindrical lamp.

Step 1: Design

The design process went through many iterations and down various dead ends that didn't work for structural or aesthetic reasons. Eventually, I decided to just 3D print the framework. Making the file for printing was pretty easy: I generated an output file using TubeASP, hid all the atoms I didn't need in Mercury, and exported it for 3D printing. I cleaned up the file using Fusion360. All steps are laid out in much more detail in my instructable "How to make accurate 3D molecular models".

However... when I printed it, glued it up and assembled it, I realized that the gaps between frame and acrylic panels were aesthetically, well, revolting. Most people didn't notice it, but it bugged me a LOT. The final design was basically the same, but with hexagonal punches taken out of the back of each cell to hold the acrylic panels. There are some slight irregularities with the wall thicknesses, but I liked it much better than the previous design and it was much stronger and easier to assemble. Thanks to the talented Scott Daigle (current innovator-in-residence @Pier9) for helping me out on the CAD when I got stuck. The STL file for the updated model is attached.

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Step 2: Print

I did this print in 2 parts, as it didn't otherwise fit in the build volume. I did a test print at small scale first and checked that I'd got the layout correct by inserting a paper cylinder and writing all the elements in.

At the scale I printed it - each hexagon is about 2" across - the two prints took 31 and 49 hours on the Fortus Stratasys printer. I'm incredibly fortunate to have access to the Pier 9 3D printing lab, because I imagine doing this print commercially would have been outrageously expensive. It uses about 50 cubic inches of model material and 60 of support, which is close to 4 lb (2 kg) of filament.

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Step 3: Assemble

I glued the layers together using E6000 and clothes pegs and rubber bands for fixturing. I added the glue to both parts and left to dry overnight.

Step 4: Laser Cut Hexagons

I cut 1/8" transparent acrylic of different colors into etched hexagons with holes cut in them. The etching indicated the atomic number, element symbol, and name. I was initially going to include atomic weight and electronic configuration, but it made it distractingly busy. The hole was for a sample vial: the diameter was chosen so that the lid would trap the vial (i.e. the diameter is slightly less than the actual vial, but greater than the thread. Illustrator files for the nine different colors I used are attached. The colors are not critical, I just picked a layout I liked the look of, and that used all 9 colors of transparent acrylic that I could buy. Use whatever colors you like. Even 4 would work fine: one for each of the s, p, d and f blocks. Here's how I broke mine down.

Clear: Hydrogen (1)
Red: Noble gases, Group 18 (7)
Orange: Alkali metals, rest of Group 1 (6)
Yellow: Alkaline earth metals, Group 2 (6)
Bronze: Lanthanides and lutetium (Lu is a Group 3 element, but is considered a lanthanide) (15)
Grey: Actinides and lawrencium (Lw is a Group 3 element, but is considered an actinide) (15)
Green: Transition metals (not including Group 12) (34)
Pale blue: Poor metals (Group 12, and the metals and metalloids of the p block) (18) Blue: Non-metals, not including the noble gases (15)

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Step 5: Install Hexagons

Press-fit all of the hexagons. Triple-check you have them in the right position and oriented correctly. Glue using a little E6000 around edges of all hexagons. I considered using acrylic cement, but even the gel-like ones were too runny for my liking.

Step 6: Make Rotating Stand

I made a stand using 1/4" clear acrylic, 6 thin washers and a 12" lazy susan bearing. Because the base of the periodic table varies in height due to its helical nature, you need to make uprights to ensure it is vertical. I also used clear acrylic for the uprights. The cut file I used is attached. I aligned everything exactly before gluing, and made marks where each upright needed to be placed. I used E6000 to glue the acrylic ring to the lazy susan bearing, by filling each of the holes that accommodated the feet. I popped washers around the feet to prevent the acrylic from rubbing on the stationary ring.

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Step 7: Add Sample Vials

Put a little of each element in a vial, put through the hole in the acrylic hexagon, and screw on the lid from behind. Apply glue to the threads first if you don't want anyone to be able to access the sample. Including yourself!

At this stage I just have 20 samples; I will fill up more when I return home.

I used glow-in-the-dark PLA to print small radioactive symbols for the radioactive elements (STL file attached). I used a Dremel Idea Builder (great little machine). I used 5-8 symbols per vial.

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Step 8: Illuminate

I added a cylindrical lamp to the inside of the lazy susan bearing. I was going to make one but in the end I found one just like I wanted to make at the Home Depot. I used a long skinny LED bulb to diffuse the light as much as possible.

Step 9: Display

Switch it on and put it on display. It also looks good without the lamp if backlit.

Interested in the periodic table? Two great books I recommend: Uncle Tungsten by Oliver Sacks, and The Disappearing Spoon by Sam Kean.

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3D Periodic Table: The first periodic table was developed in 1862 by a French geologist called Alexandre-Émile Béguyer de Chancourtois. He plotted the elements on a cylinder with a circumference of 16 units, and noted the resulting helix placed elements with similar...

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Europeans and Africans have different immune systems, thanks to Neanderthal genes | Knowridge Science Report

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Europeans and Africans have different immune systems, thanks to Neanderthal genes | Knowridge Science Report

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Knowridge Science Report | Science News and Discoveries

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Inspiring science news, discoveries and stories. Knowridge Science Report is an independent online scientific magazine. It is founded in Sydney, Australia in 2016. Knowridge® is a combination of words "knowledge" and "bridge". The mission is to become the bridge between the science community and the public.

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World's largest concentrated solar plant opens - CNN.com

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World's largest concentrated solar plant opens - CNN.com

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world's largest concentrated solar plant near completion  - cnn

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Morocco's megawatt solar plant powers up

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Morocco is close to completing the world's largest concentrated solar power farm.

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The next frontier in reproductive tourism? Genetic modification - Science Rocks My World

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The next frontier in reproductive tourism? Genetic modification - Science Rocks My World

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The birth of the first baby born using a technique called mitochondrial replacement, which uses DNA from three people to "correct" an inherited genetic mutation, was announced on Sept. 27.

Mitochondrial replacement or donation allows women who carry mitochondrial diseases to avoid passing them on to their child. These diseases can range from mild to life-threatening. No therapies exist and only a few drugs are available to treat them.

There are no international rules regulating this technique. Just one country, the United Kingdom, explicitly regulates the procedure. It's a similar situation with other assisted reproductive techniques. Some countries permit these techniques and others don't.

I study the intended and unintended consequences of regulating, prohibiting or authorizing the use of new technologies. One of these unintended consequences is "medical tourism," where people travel from their home countries to places where practices such as commercial surrogacy or embryo selection are allowed.

Medical tourism for assisted reproductive technologies raises a host of legal and ethical questions. While new reproductive technologies, like mitochondrial replacement, promise to bring significant benefits, the absence of regulations means that some of these questions, including those related to safety and risks are unanswered, even as people are starting to use them.

Mitochondrium image via www.shutterstock.com.

How does mitochondrial replacement work?

We each inherit our mitochondria, which provide the energy that our cells need to function and the tiny fraction of DNA contained in it, only from our mothers. Some of that mitochondrial DNA might be defective, carrying mutations or errors that might lead to mitochondrial diseases.

The mother of the baby born using this technique carried one of these diseases. The disease, known as Leigh Syndrome, is a neurological disorder that typically leads to death during childhood. Before having this baby, the couple had two children who died as a result of the disease.

Mitochondrial replacement is done in a lab, as part of in vitro fertilization. It works by "substituting" the defective mitochondria of the mother's egg with healthy mitochondria obtained from a donor. The child is genetically related to the mother, but has the donor's mitochondrial DNA.

It involves three germ cells: an egg from the mother, an egg from a healthy donor and the sperm from the father. While the term "three-parent" child is often used in news stories, it is a highly controversial one.

To some, the tiny fraction of DNA contained in a mitochondria provided by a donor is not sufficient to make the donor a "second mother." The U.K., the only country that has regulated the technique, takes this position. Ultimately, the DNA replaced is a tiny fraction of a person's genes, and it is unrelated to the characteristics that we associate with genetic kinship.

There is some discussion as to whether mitochondrial replacement is a so-called "germ line modification," a genetic modification that can be inherited. Many countries, including the U.K., have either banned or taken a serious stance on technologies that could alter germ cells and cause inherited changes that can affect future generations. But a great number of countries, including Japan and India, have ambiguous or unenforceable regulations about germline modification.

Mitochondrial replacement results in a germline change, but that change is passed to future generations only if the child is a girl. She would pass the donor's mitochondrial DNA to her offspring, and in turn her female descendants will pass it to their children. If the child is a boy, he wouldn't pass the mitochondrial DNA on to his offspring.

Because the mitochondrial modification is only heritable in girls, the U.S. National Academies of Science recently recommended that use of this technique be limited to male embryos, in which the change is not inheritable. The U.K. considered but then rejected this approach.

A thorny ethical and regulatory debate

In the U.S., the FDA claimed jurisdiction to regulate mitochondrial replacement but then halted further discussions. A rider included in the 2016 Congressional Appropriations Act precludes the FDA from considering mitochondrial replacement.

While the technique has been given the green light in the U.K., the nation's Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority is gathering more safety-related information before granting the first licenses for mitochondrial replacement to clinics.

Experts have predicted that once the authority starts granting authorization, people seeking mitochondrial replacement would go to the U.K.

At the moment, with no global standard dictating the use of mitochondrial replacement, couples (and experts willing to use these technologies) are going to countries where the procedure is allowed.

This has happened with other technologies such as embryo selection and commercial surrogacy, with patients traveling abroad to seek out assisted reproduction services or technologies that are either prohibited, unavailable, of lower quality or more expensive in their own countries.

The first documented case of successful mitochondrial replacement involved U.S. physicians assisting a Jordanian couple in Mexico. Further reports of the use of mitochondrial replacement in Ukraine and China have followed.

Allison Joyce/AP

The increasing trend of medical tourism has been followed by sporadic scandals and waves of tighter regulations in countries such as India, Nepal and Thailand, which have been leading destinations of couples seeking assisted reproduction services.

Intended parents and children born with the help of assisted reproduction outside of their home countries have faced problems related to family ties, citizenship and their relationship with donors - especially with the use of commercial surrogacy.

Mitochondrial replacement and new gene editing technologies add further questions related to the safety and long-term effects of these procedures.

Gene modification complicates reproductive tourism

Mitochondrial replacement and technologies such as gene-editing with the use of CRISPR-CAS9 that create germline modifications are relatively new. Many of the legal and ethical questions they raise have yet to be answered.

What if the children born as a result of these techniques suffer unknown adverse effects? And could these technologies affect the way in which we think about identity, kinship and family ties in general? One technique to replace mutated mitochondria involves the creation of embryos that will be later disposed. How should the use and disposal of embryos be regulated? What about the interests of the egg donors? Should they be paid?

Some of these problems could be avoided through a solid regulatory system in the U.S. and other countries. But as long as patients continue to seek medical treatments in "havens" for ethically dubious or risky procedures, many of these problems will persist.

Regulatory authorities around the world are debating how to better regulate these genetic modification technologies. Governments need to start considering not only the ethical and safety effects of their choices but also how these choices drive medical tourism.

Rosa Castro, Postdoctoral Associate in Science and Society, Duke University

This article was originally published on The Conversation. Read the original article.

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The next frontier in reproductive tourism? Genetic modification - Science Rocks My World

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By Rosa Castro, Duke University. The birth of the first baby born using a technique called mitochondrial replacement, which uses DNA from three people to "correct" an inherited genetic mutation, was announced on Sept. 27. Mitochondrial replacement or donation allows women who carry mitochondrial diseases to avoid passing them on to their child.

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Engineering Nature: How Improved Photosynthesis Could Feed the World

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Engineering Nature: How Improved Photosynthesis Could Feed the World

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Tweaking an Essential Process

In terms of plants, the concept of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) often refers to the insertion of genetic information from one species of plant to another so that the recipient plant gains a desirable trait. This process has been used extensively to improve crop yields. For example, one type of rice has been made waterproof so that yields aren't affected by heavy floods from typhoons.

Now, a group of researchers from the University of California, Berkeley, has published a paper in the journal Science that takes a different approach to increasing crop yields. Instead of inserting genetic information from one species of plant into another to change it, these biologists used genetic modification to tweak a mechanism already inherent in plants.

Plants have a form of "sunshield" that prevents them from getting damaged due to excessive sunlight (yes, even plants get sunburn). The mechanism is called nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ), and during it, chloroplasts expel excess photons as heat. The problem lies in the delay in turning off NPQ when the excessive light disappears. Plants could still experience NPQ for hours in the shade or after the sun goes down, leading to less photosynthesis and, subsequently, less crop production.

The team from UC Berkeley identified three proteins responsible for turning off this mechanism and theorized that adding more copies of those proteins to a plant would compel it to relax NPQ faster. They tested their theory on tobacco plants as a proof-of-concept, adding genes for the proteins from a lab plant to the tobacco. Their experiment showed an increase in the tobacco plants' weight by around 14 to 20 percent compared to unmodified plants.

Alleviating World Hunger

While it's only been tested on tobacco so far, the team is hopeful that their method could be used to improve the yields of crops such as cowpeas, rice, and cassava since most plants have the same NPQ mechanism as tobacco. Essentially, this means the research could potentially lead to an increase in the world's food supply.

Stephen P. Long, one of the crop scientists leading this research, says that it would take a long time for this technology to reach farmers, but if it does prove to be successful, it could lead to what he calls a "second green revolution," reminiscent of the first one that happened in the '60s and '70s, which saw a reduction in world hunger due to the sharing of advanced agricultural techniques with poorer countries.

"We hope it translates into food crops in the way we've shown in tobacco," said Dr. Johannes Kromdijk, Dr. Long's collaborator in the study. "Of course, you only know when you actually try it."

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Engineering Nature: How Improved Photosynthesis Could Feed the World

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Researchers were able to increase the weight of tobacco plants by around 14 to 20 percent compared to unmodified plants by adding in genes to improve the process of photosynthesis. If successful with other plants, the method could improve the yields of food crops such as cowpeas, rice, and cassava and decrease world hunger.

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‘Hamilton’ Had Some Unscripted Lines for Pence. Trump Wasn’t Happy. - The New York Times

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‘Hamilton’ Had Some Unscripted Lines for Pence. Trump Wasn’t Happy. - The New York Times

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On Friday night, Mike Pence attended the Broadway musical in New York. After the performance, the actor Brandon Victor Dixon delivered a message to the vice president-elect. Credit Credit Andres Kudacki/Associated Press

"Hamilton," the hit Broadway musical about colonial rebels shaping the future of an unformed country, took an even more political turn at the end of its performance on Friday night.

With Vice President-elect Mike Pence attending the show, the cast used the opportunity to make a statement emphasizing the need for the new administration of President-elect Donald J. Trump, a Republican, to work on behalf of all Americans.

It was a deeply felt and altogether rare appeal from the stage of a Broadway show - and it drew a surprisingly sharp rebuke from Mr. Trump on Saturday morning. The president-elect wrote in a post on Twitter that the "Hamilton" cast had "harassed" Mr. Pence by making the statement and had been "very rude."

"Apologize!" Mr. Trump wrote at the end of one of two posts on the matter.

As the play ended, the actor who played Vice President Aaron Burr, Brandon Victor Dixon, acknowledged that Mr. Pence was in the audience, thanked him for attending and added, "We hope you will hear us out."

"We, sir - we - are the diverse America who are alarmed and anxious that your new administration will not protect us, our planet, our children, our parents, or defend us and uphold our inalienable rights," he said. "We truly hope that this show has inspired you to uphold our American values and to work on behalf of all of us."

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Brandon Victor Dixon in July. At the end of the show on Friday, he told Mr. Pence, "We truly hope that this show has inspired you to uphold our American values and to work on behalf all of us." Credit Brad Barket/Invision, via Associated Press

The audience broke out in enthusiastic applause and cheers.

Mr. Pence was leaving as Mr. Dixon began to read the statement from the stage. A show spokesman said that Mr. Pence stood in the hallway outside the entrance to the auditorium and heard the full remarks.

Mr. Pence made no comment and was photographed smiling as he left the theater. But Mr. Trump, amid meetings on Saturday with possible candidates for White House and cabinet positions, inserted himself into the story with two Twitter posts before 9 a.m.

Mr. Dixon, who read the statement after playing the nation's third vice president in the show, quickly replied with a post of his own: "@realDonaldTrump conversation is not harassment sir. And I appreciate @mike_pence for stopping to listen."

Mr. Pence had been seated in the center orchestra section, prominently visible to audience members. He appeared engaged throughout the show and applauded after most of its numbers, audience members near him said.

When Mr. Pence entered the Richard Rodgers Theater in Manhattan, he was greeted with a mix of clapping and booing, according to theatergoers who posted on Twitter.

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A protester's sign referred to a line from "Hamilton" while others shouted slogans at Mr. Pence as he left the theater. Credit Andres Kudacki/Associated Press

The audience gave a standing ovation during the play at the line, "Immigrants, we get the job done," one theatergoer, Christy Colburn, wrote on Twitter.

She added: "Crowd went NUTS at King George's lines 'when people say they hate you' & 'do you know how hard it is to lead?' He had to stop the song."

The statement that Mr. Dixon read was written by the show's creator, Lin-Manuel Miranda; its director, Thomas Kail; and the lead producer, Jeffrey Seller, with input from cast members, Mr. Seller said.

"We had to ask ourselves, how do we cope with this?" Mr. Seller said. "Our cast could barely go on stage the day after the election. The election was painful and crushing to all of us here. We all struggled with what was the appropriate and respectful and proper response. We are honored that Mr. Pence attended the show, and we had to use this opportunity to express our feelings."

Mr. Seller said that there was some discussion about whether it was appropriate to inject a political statement into the night, and that those involved decided to wait until the end of the performance. He said no cast members had skipped the performance to protest Mr. Pence's appearance.

Mr. Trump has not seen "Hamilton" or inquired about tickets, Mr. Seller said, adding that the president-elect is "welcome to attend."

The show's politics - particularly its celebration of diversity and of the critical role immigrants played in the American Revolution and the early republic - stand in sharp contrast to some of the harsh language about immigrants that Mr. Trump used during the campaign and his focus on appealing to white men with statements about returning America to "the good old days."

His first appointments to his cabinet and other major positions have been dominated by older white conservative men, with relatively few women or minorities under consideration for top-ranking positions at this point.

One of the most acclaimed Broadway musicals in years, "Hamilton" has been especially celebrated by liberals for its resonant, provocative portrayal of America as a nation of immigrants - particularly with its casting of Hispanic or black actors in the roles of Alexander Hamilton, George Washington, Thomas Jefferson and other founding fathers.

A version of this article appears in print on , on Page A10 of the New York edition with the headline: Pence Draws a Reaction at 'Hamilton'. Order Reprints | Today's Paper | Subscribe

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'Hamilton' Had Some Unscripted Lines for Pence. Trump Wasn't Happy.

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"Hamilton," the hit Broadway musical about colonial rebels shaping the future of an unformed country, took an even more political turn at the end of its performance on Friday night. With Vice President-elect Mike Pence attending the show, the cast used the opportunity to make a statement emphasizing the need for the new administration of President-elect Donald J.

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Americans, it’s actually quite hard to move to Canada - The Washington Post

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Americans, it’s actually quite hard to move to Canada - The Washington Post

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Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau delivers remarks at the WE Day celebration, in Ottawa on Nov. 9. (Sean Kilpatrick/The Canadian Press via AP)

OTTAWA - For realtor Valarie Sampson, Donald Trump's surprise victory in the presidential election is great news. By midday Wednesday, the website for her brokerage firm on Cape Breton Island in rural Nova Scotia had already gotten 3,200 hits, mainly from election-spooked Americans.

That's because the website for Sampson's RE/MAX-affiliated brokerage firm is linked directly to "Cape Breton if Trump Wins," a website set up last winter by local disc jockey Rob Calabrese to try to lure Americans anxious about the prospect of a Trump presidency to settle in this scenic but economically challenged corner of Atlantic Canada.

Quiz: What do you actually know about Canada?

The website, which has attracted 2 million visitors since it was set up as a bit of a lark by Calabrese and his wife, has a down-home, slightly whimsical feel to it with lots of alluring photos of gorgeous beaches, quaint fishing villages and music festivals, combined with practical advice. "How much would it cost for a 3-bedroom lakeside home in your state? About a jillion dollars? You would need to BE Donald Trump to afford a place like that. But in Cape Breton, we have the most affordable housing market in North America."

By noon Wednesday, the Cape Breton site had had about 40,000 visitors since Election Day, and unlike the website of the Canadian government's immigration department, which crashed in the immediate aftermath of the vote, it was still running. Calabrese is hoping at least some of those visitors will set down roots on the island, which is losing 1,000 residents a year, but he admits the immigration process for newcomers isn't easy.

"You just can't show up at the border and expect to move here," explained Jonathan Leebosh, an immigration lawyer with Ernst & Young on the other side of the country in Vancouver, British Columbia. "If you don't have a permanent resident's visa, they won't let you in."

Leebosh said that Canada is an open country that is looking for well-educated migrants but he warns that Americans fleeing Trump will find that there are many others in line. "They're competing against others who already have job offers," Leebosh said.

After Trump victory, Americans flock to New Zealand's immigration websites

The Canadian government has announced its intention to accept 300,000 new permanent residents in 2017 but that number includes immigrants with family ties and refugees, as well as economic newcomers. And would-be migrants to the province of British Columbia, where house prices have soared to stratospheric levels in part because of an influx of Chinese buyers, will have to remember something. "B.C. means Bring Cash," Leebosh said.

Cash may not be much of a problem for the likes of actresses Lena Dunham or Barbra Streisand, who vowed to leave the United States for Canada or other countries if Trump were elected. It wasn't immediately known what their moving plans were in the wake of the election, but the Twittersphere was full of sarcastic comments from critics anxious for them to follow through with their threats.

"What if Canada no longer wants Lena Dunham," tweeted conservative talk-show host and onetime Republican congressman Joe Walsh. "What if Mexico doesn't want her? Or France? What if no country wants her?"

Migration trends aside, there has been lots of hand-wringing among Canadian economists, business executives and politicians over a possible hit to the Canadian economy from a Trump presidency, particularly when it comes to trade. (The sole exception was the oil industry, which hopes Trump will allow the Keystone XL oil-sands pipeline to proceed.) Although Trump has targeted Mexico with his criticism of the North American Free Trade Agreement, if the deal is scrapped by Washington, Canadian exports will be hit hard, too.

"It's going to be rough weather in terms of Canada-U. S. trade," said Lawrence Herman, a Toronto trade lawyer who notes that if Trump wants to reopen NAFTA, Canada will have little choice but to sit down with Washington and renegotiate.

Trump can credit his victory on his surge in Rust Belt states, such as Ohio and Michigan, where he got substantial support from white working-class voters, who may be no less thrilled to see jobs move north than south. "Trump says he wants to bring back jobs and investments, so what's his position going to be if GM decides to put a major new investment in Canada?" Herman wondered.

And when Trump calls on U.S. allies to pay more for their mutual defense, Canada may find itself the subject of sharp criticism for its level of military spending, the lowest among NATO members as a portion of GDP, Herman said. Added to that is the end of the brief bromance between the President Obama and Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau. Canada-U. S. relations function most smoothly when there are good relations at the top. A much-cited example is the 1980s, when Ronald Reagan first negotiated free trade with Canada's Brian Mulroney.

As for Trudeau himself, he made public the usual congratulatory message to the new president and in response to a question at a meeting of youth here, was upbeat:

"We're going to work with neighbors, and I'm going to work with President-elect Trump's administration, as we move forward in a positive way not just for Canadians and Americans but the whole world."

It's going to be Trump's world, and not everybody likes it

The world wonders what happened to America

Top Trump adviser says Israeli settlements are not an obstacle to peace

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Americans, it's actually quite hard to move to Canada

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OTTAWA - For realtor Valarie Sampson, Donald Trump's surprise victory in the presidential election is great news. By midday Wednesday, the website for her brokerage firm on Cape Breton Island in rural Nova Scotia had already gotten 3,200 hits, mainly from election-spooked Americans.

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What trump wants to do with his first 100 days

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What trump wants to do with his first 100 days

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From Pridemore!

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At the end of October, Donald Trump spoke in Gettysburg, Pa., and released a plan for his first 100 days in office.

The plan (below) outlines three main areas of focus: cleaning up Washington, including by imposing term limits on Congress; protecting American workers; and restoring rule of law. He also laid out his plan for working with Congress to introduce 10 pieces of legislation that would repeal Obamacare, fund the construction of a wall at the Southern border (with a provision that Mexico would reimburse the U.S.), encourage infrastructure investment, rebuild military bases, promote school choice and more.

On Wednesday, Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell mostly made nice with Trump but also shot down or expressed little enthusiasm in some of his plans. On Trump's proposal to impose term limits on Congress, McConnell said, "It will not be on the agenda in the Senate." McConnell has been a long-standing opponent of term limits, as NPR's Susan Davis reports. "I would say we have term limits now - they're called elections."

McConnell also threw some cold water on Trump's infrastructure plans, calling it not a top priority.

McConnell did say repealing Obamacare is a "pretty high item on our agenda" along with comprehensive tax reform and achieving border security "in whatever way is the most effective." But he also declined to discuss the Senate's immigration agenda further.

"We look forward to working with him," McConnell said. "I think most of the things that he's likely to advocate we're going to be enthusiastically for."

Below is the 100-day plan Trump's campaign released in October, called "Donald Trump's Contract With The American Voter."

What follows is my 100-day action plan to Make America Great Again. It is a contract between myself and the American voter - and begins with restoring honesty, accountability and change to Washington

Therefore, on the first day of my term of office, my administration will immediately pursue the following six measures to clean up the corruption and special interest collusion in Washington, DC:

* FIRST, propose a Constitutional Amendment to impose term limits on all members of Congress;

* SECOND, a hiring freeze on all federal employees to reduce federal workforce through attrition (exempting military, public safety, and public health);

* THIRD, a requirement that for every new federal regulation, two existing regulations must be eliminated;

* FOURTH, a 5 year-ban on White House and Congressional officials becoming lobbyists after they leave government service;

* FIFTH, a lifetime ban on White House officials lobbying on behalf of a foreign government;

* SIXTH, a complete ban on foreign lobbyists raising money for American elections.

On the same day, I will begin taking the following 7 actions to protect American workers:

* FIRST, I will announce my intention to renegotiate NAFTA or withdraw from the deal under Article 2205

* SECOND, I will announce our withdrawal from the Trans-Pacific Partnership

* THIRD, I will direct my Secretary of the Treasury to label China a currency manipulator

* FOURTH, I will direct the Secretary of Commerce and U.S. Trade Representative to identify all foreign trading abuses that unfairly impact American workers and direct them to use every tool under American and international law to end those abuses immediately

* FIFTH, I will lift the restrictions on the production of $50 trillion dollars' worth of job-producing American energy reserves, including shale, oil, natural gas and clean coal.

* SIXTH, lift the Obama-Clinton roadblocks and allow vital energy infrastructure projects, like the Keystone Pipeline, to move forward

* SEVENTH, cancel billions in payments to U.N. climate change programs and use the money to fix America's water and environmental infrastructure

Additionally, on the first day, I will take the following five actions to restore security and the constitutional rule of law:

* FIRST, cancel every unconstitutional executive action, memorandum and order issued by President Obama

* SECOND, begin the process of selecting a replacement for Justice Scalia from one of the 20 judges on my list, who will uphold and defend the Constitution of the United States

* THIRD, cancel all federal funding to Sanctuary Cities

* FOURTH, begin removing the more than 2 million criminal illegal immigrants from the country and cancel visas to foreign countries that won't take them back

* FIFTH, suspend immigration from terror-prone regions where vetting cannot safely occur. All vetting of people coming into our country will be considered extreme vetting.

Next, I will work with Congress to introduce the following broader legislative measures and fight for their passage within the first 100 days of my Administration:

1. Middle Class Tax Relief And Simplification Act. An economic plan designed to grow the economy 4% per year and create at least 25 million new jobs through massive tax reduction and simplification, in combination with trade reform, regulatory relief, and lifting the restrictions on American energy. The largest tax reductions are for the middle class. A middle-class family with 2 children will get a 35% tax cut. The current number of brackets will be reduced from 7 to 3, and tax forms will likewise be greatly simplified. The business rate will be lowered from 35 to 15 percent, and the trillions of dollars of American corporate money overseas can now be brought back at a 10 percent rate.

2. End The Offshoring Act. Establishes tariffs to discourage companies from laying off their workers in order to relocate in other countries and ship their products back to the U.S. tax-free.

3. American Energy & Infrastructure Act. Leverages public-private partnerships, and private investments through tax incentives, to spur $1 trillion in infrastructure investment over 10 years. It is revenue neutral.

4. School Choice And Education Opportunity Act. Redirects education dollars to give parents the right to send their kid to the public, private, charter, magnet, religious or home school of their choice. Ends common core, brings education supervision to local communities. It expands vocational and technical education, and make 2 and 4-year college more affordable.

5. Repeal and Replace Obamacare Act. Fully repeals Obamacare and replaces it with Health Savings Accounts, the ability to purchase health insurance across state lines, and lets states manage Medicaid funds. Reforms will also include cutting the red tape at the FDA: there are over 4,000 drugs awaiting approval, and we especially want to speed the approval of life-saving medications.

6. Affordable Childcare and Eldercare Act. Allows Americans to deduct childcare and elder care from their taxes, incentivizes employers to provide on-side childcare services, and creates tax-free Dependent Care Savings Accounts for both young and elderly dependents, with matching contributions for low-income families.

7. End Illegal Immigration Act Fully-funds the construction of a wall on our southern border with the full understanding that the country Mexico will be reimbursing the United States for the full cost of such wall; establishes a 2-year mandatory minimum federal prison sentence for illegally re-entering the U.S. after a previous deportation, and a 5-year mandatory minimum for illegally re-entering for those with felony convictions, multiple misdemeanor convictions or two or more prior deportations; also reforms visa rules to enhance penalties for overstaying and to ensure open jobs are offered to American workers first.

8. Restoring Community Safety Act. Reduces surging crime, drugs and violence by creating a Task Force On Violent Crime and increasing funding for programs that train and assist local police; increases resources for federal law enforcement agencies and federal prosecutors to dismantle criminal gangs and put violent offenders behind bars.

9. Restoring National Security Act. Rebuilds our military by eliminating the defense sequester and expanding military investment; provides Veterans with the ability to receive public VA treatment or attend the private doctor of their choice; protects our vital infrastructure from cyber-attack; establishes new screening procedures for immigration to ensure those who are admitted to our country support our people and our values

10. Clean up Corruption in Washington Act. Enacts new ethics reforms to Drain the Swamp and reduce the corrupting influence of special interests on our politics.

On November 8th, Americans will be voting for this 100-day plan to restore prosperity to our economy, security to our communities, and honesty to our government.

This is my pledge to you.

And if we follow these steps, we will once more have a government of, by and for the people.

To comment, go to this story on NPR's Facebook page.

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Here Is What Donald Trump Wants To Do In His First 100 Days

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At the end of October, Donald Trump spoke in Gettysburg, Pa., and released a plan for his first 100 days in office. The plan (below) outlines three main areas of focus: cleaning up Washington, including by imposing term limits on Congress; protecting American workers; and restoring rule of law.

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Donald Trump: Where next president stands on key issues - BBC News

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Donald Trump: Where next president stands on key issues - BBC News

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President Donald Trump has wasted little time in shaking up how things are done in Washington - for better or worse - in his first few months in office.

Six months into his first term, questions about what the Republican might do with his power are finally being answered.

From travel bans and border immigration plans to climate change and public safety, here is where he stands on key issues.

TAXES

Mr Trump has promised the biggest tax cuts since the Ronald Reagan era. He has pledged reductions across-the-board, promising working and middle-income Americans "massive" cuts. His plan includes reducing the number of tax brackets from seven to three, cutting corporate taxes, eliminating the estate tax and increasing the standard deduction for individual filers.

According to one analysis, the top 1% of earners would see their income increase by double-digits, while the bottom quarter gets a boost of up to 1.9%. But the Center for a Responsible Budget has also warned his plan would balloon the national debt.

Attempts to tackle tax reform have been delayed due to the stalled healthcare bill.

JOB CREATION

Mr Trump says he will create 25 million jobs over 10 years, saying too many jobs, especially in manufacturing, are being lost to other countries. He plans to reduce the US corporate tax rate to 15% from the current rate of 35%, and suggests that investing in infrastructure, cutting the trade deficit, lowering taxes and removing regulations will boost job creation.

On his first full workday in office, he told business leaders that he seeks to cut business regulations by 75%, and create a "border tax" for companies that leave the country and sell their products back to the US.

IMMIGRATION

This is his signature issue. Despite critics who call it unaffordable and unrealistic, the Republican has stood by his call to build an impenetrable wall along the 2,000-plus-mile US-Mexico border.

In his first days in office, Mr Trump signed a pair of executive orders designed to fulfil that campaign promise.

One order declares that the US will create "a contiguous, physical wall or other similarly secure, contiguous, and impassable physical barrier".

The second order pledges to hire 10,000 more immigration officers, and to revoke federal grant money from so-called "sanctuary cities" which refuse to deport undocumented immigrants.

It remains to be seen how Mr Trump will pay for the wall, although he has repeatedly insisted that the US would recoup the costs from the Mexican government, despite their leaders saying otherwise.

The border wall is likely to face a funding setback, after Republican lawmakers suggested money for the project would not be included in an upcoming spending bill.

Mr Trump had proposed $1.5bn (£1.2bn) for his wall through Congress as part of a spending bill, which funds federal agencies to the end of the current fiscal year.

The bill must be approved by 28 April to avoid a partial government shutdown.

But Senator Roy Blunt, a member of Republican leadership, said that Mr Trump's supplemental funding could be dealt with "at a later time".
Six obstacles to Trump's border wall How do Republicans think Trump's wall would work?
REFUGEES

Mr Trump has been warning that the US policy of admitting refugees from certain regions - the Middle East or, more generally, Muslim nations - presents a serious threat to US national security.

He has called for the US to suspend resettling refugees until "extreme vetting" procedures can be implemented, including ideological tests to screen out extremists.

Two attempts by Mr Trump to introduce bans on all refugees and travellers from some Muslim-majority countries were blocked by the courts.

But in June, the Supreme Court allowed a limited version of his second ban to come into force, banning refugees temporarily unless they have a "credible claim of a bona fide relationship with a person or entity" in the country.

Visitors from Iran, Libya, Somalia, Sudan, Syria and Yemen will also be unable to get visas unless they can demonstrate US ties.
Trump travel ban: What happens next?
FOREIGN POLICY

Mr Trump has made a dramatic shift in foreign policy, breaking from the "America First" agenda he promised during the presidential campaign.

He bombed a Syrian air base in response to a suspected chemical weapons attack on a rebel-held town.

The US military then dropped a 21,600lb (9,800kg) bomb on a tunnel complex used by Islamic State militants in Afghanistan.

Mr Trump has taken a hard-line stance towards combating IS and has even at times asserted the US should commit tens of thousands of ground troops to the fight.

He professed support for Nato after previously calling the alliance "obsolete" and said it should do more to combat terrorism in the Middle East, maintaining that US allies should spend more on their own protection.

Tensions have also escalated on the Korean peninsula, where American military has ordered a navy strike group amid heated rhetoric from both the US and North Korea

Pyongyang marked the 105th birthday of the nation's founding president, Kim Il-sung, with a huge military parade before conducting a failed rocket test.

On the eve of the G20 summit in Germany, he warned of "severe consequences" following the country's long-range missile test.

Relations with China have soured over the belligerence of North Korea, and a US arms deal with Taiwan.

Meanwhile, the Trump administration has said it was launching a review of whether lifting sanctions against Iran was in the US's national security interests, but acknowledged Tehran was compliant with the historic 2015 nuclear deal.

During his presidential campaign, Mr Trump called the agreement "the worst deal ever negotiated".
What does all this bombing tell us about Trump?
TRADE DEALS

Once upon a time, Republicans were the party of unfettered free trade. Donald Trump has changed all that. While he says he is not opposed to trade in principle, any trade deals have to protect US industry.

Mr Trump signed an executive order to withdraw the US from the Trans-Pacific Partnership, which was never approved by Congress and therefore had yet to go into effect in America.

The president has said that he will re-open negotiations on already signed pacts, such as the North America Free Trade Agreement (Nafta), and withdraw if US demands are not met. He has accused US trading partners like Mexico, China and Canada of unfair trade practices, currency manipulation and intellectual property theft, threatening to unilaterally impose tariffs and other punitive measures if they do not implement reforms.

He also signed the so-called "Buy American, Hire American" executive order, which directs federal agencies to enforce government rules on excluding foreign contractors from bids for government projects.

CLIMATE CHANGE

Mr Trump caused global dismay when he pulled out of the Paris agreement, which he said would impoverish the US.

He said it would cost the US $3tn (£2.3tn) in lost GDP and 6.5 million jobs - while rival economies like China and India were treated more favourably.

US officials refused to say whether the president still maintained that climate change was a hoax.

He says he supports clean water and air, but wants to slash funding to the Environmental Protection Agency.

Signing an executive order reversing Obama-era restrictions on greenhouse gas emissions from coal and natural gas power plants, he pledged to reduce America's reliance on imported fuel and "end the war on coal".

ABORTION

The Republican said last March that abortions should be illegal and he supported "some form of punishment" for women who had them. His campaign quickly backed down from that statement, however, and asserted that the candidate believed the legality of the procedure should be left up to individual states, with any criminal penalties being reserved for abortion providers.

He has said he supports an abortion ban exception for "rape, incest and the life of the mother". He has called for defunding Planned Parenthood. As recently as 2000, Mr Trump supported abortion rights but has said that, like Ronald Reagan, he changed his views on the matter.

As one of his first actions as president, he signed an order banning federal money going to international groups which perform or provide information on abortions.

In April, he signed a bill removing an Obama-era rule that barred states from withholding federal funding for family planning services that provide abortions.

Under the new rule, state governments can decide how they want to distribute Title X funding, a Nixon-era family-planning programme, allowing some conservative states to undercut Planned Parenthood and other abortion groups.

HEALTH

Obamacare is one of the outgoing president's signature policies - and Mr Trump made repealing it one of his major campaign promises.

But Republican efforts to agree an alternative appear to have stalled.

The House plan, the American Health Care Act, has been passed by the lower chamber.

But the Senate chose to rewrite their bill from scratch, and have been unable to create one with widespread support.

Senator Mitch McConnell unveiled a plan after weeks of secret discussions among a small group of senators, but it has been criticised by politicians of all hues, plus health industry bodies and hospital groups.

Some Republicans feel Medicaid cuts in the bill are too harsh, while others are unhappy that changes do not go far enough in demolishing Obamacare.

Mr Trump had promised that his replacement plan will be less expensive, providing "insurance for everybody".
Obamacare v Republican plan compared
LAW AND ORDER

Violence and lawlessness is out of control in the US, according to Mr Trump. He says law enforcement agencies are unable to fight crime because of runaway "political correctness" and says they should be allowed to get tough on offenders. He says police profiling is necessary to prevent terrorist attacks on US soil.

He supports "stop and frisk", claiming the policy was highly successful in New York, even though many experts disagree. The practice was ruled unconstitutional and a form of "indirect racial profiling" by a federal judge in the city.

CHILDCARE

Rejecting Republican orthodoxy, Mr Trump has called for six weeks of paid maternity leave, which would amount to what the mother would receive in unemployment benefit. But this would not apply to fathers. There are no details though on how this policy would be paid for.

GUN LAWS

He has blamed some shootings on lax gun laws, saying armed people could have intervened and saved lives. He frequently accused his former rival Hillary Clinton of wanting to eliminate gun rights during the campaign and promises his supporters that the Second Amendment would be safe. On the other hand, he has expressed support for preventing individuals on the federal no-fly list from purchasing firearms.

SUPREME COURT

The president has fulfilled his campaign promise to his conservative base by nominating federal appeals court judge Neil Gorsuch for the open seat on the high court, which had been vacant since the death of Justice Antonin Scalia.

The court has the final legal word on many of the most sensitive US issues, from abortion to gender to gun control.

Judge Gorsuch is a so-called originalist, meaning he believes the US Constitution should be followed as the Founding Fathers intended.

He was sworn in earlier this month after Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell triggered a legislative manoeuvre known as the "nuclear option" when Republicans lacked the 60 votes required to end debate on Mr Gorsuch.

Judge Gorsuch restores the 5-4 conservative majority on the nine-seat high court.
Six Supreme Court cases Justice Neil Gorsuch could rule on
LOBBYISTS

Mr Trump has signed an executive order issuing a five-year ban preventing officials from lobbying the agency they worked in for five years after they leave, but allowing them to lobby other parts of the government.

The order also allows lobbyists to join an administration as long as they do not work on anything they have lobbied on for two years.

His directive also fulfilled a promise to stop his officials from lobbying for foreign governments.

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President Donald Trump has wasted little time in shaking up how things are done in Washington - for better or worse - in his first few months in office. Six months into his first term, questions about what the Republican might do with his power are finally being answered.

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US election 2016: Six ways a Trump presidency changes the world - BBC News

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US election 2016: Six ways a Trump presidency changes the world - BBC News

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With Donald Trump in the White House, the US's relationship with the rest of the world has changed in some important ways. Here are seven of them.

A Donald Trump presidency has raised major security questions in Asia.

Not only did he shock China with comments on Taiwan before his inauguration, but his Secretary of State Rex Tillerson has spoken of blocking China's access to artificial islands it has been building in the South China Sea, prompting warnings of a "military clash" from a state-run newspaper.

Japan and South Korea have both been singled out by Mr Trump for relying too much on the US. He has even said they would benefit from having their own nuclear arsenals.

Then there is the region's renegade state, North Korea, which is currently developing its own nuclear weapons.

Mr Trump faces the task of curbing those ambitions, something that has eluded successive US leaders.

Under President Obama, the policy was called "strategic patience" - squeeze North Korea with sanctions, persuade others to do the same, particularly China, and wait it out.

But Mr Trump's Vice-President Mike Pence has now said the "era of strategic patience is over".

The administration says "all options are on the table" and Mr Trump's announcement that he was sending an "armada" of US warships towards the Korean peninsula raised the spectre of military action.

While the White House clarified the whereabouts of the ships and insisted they were on their way, Mr Trump returned his focus to pressuring China to take action.

"China is very much the economic lifeline to North Korea so, while nothing is easy, if they want to solve the North Korean problem, they will," he tweeted.

His next step is unknown, but the early attempts of this unpredictable president in tackling the world's most unpredictable state have already exposed a flashpoint that is likely to return in years to come.

During the US election campaign, Mr Trump praised Russian President Vladimir Putin as a strong leader, with whom he would love to have a good relationship.

That was before US intelligence agencies determined Russia was responsible for hacking Democratic Party emails during the campaign - a conclusion that Mr Trump eventually conceded he agreed with.

The explosive publication of an unverified dossier alleging that Russia holds compromising material on Mr Trump has also raised prickly questions for him. He has batted them away, dismissing the allegations as "fake news".

But concerns over his administration's ties with Russia continue to dog his presidency, with his national security adviser Michael Flynn abruptly resigning over conversations with Russia's ambassador in the weeks before inauguration.

Mr Trump said he wanted to start off trusting President Putin but warned "it might not last long at all".

President Trump went on to say the US "may be at an all-time low in terms with our relationship with Russia". He said it would be a "fantastic thing" if the nations improved ties, but warned "it might be just the opposite".

Greater focus on Nato

Mr Trump has previously been hugely critical of Nato (the North Atlantic Treaty Organization), a cornerstone of American foreign policy for more than 60 years.

He attacked the organisation as "obsolete" and characterised its members as ungrateful allies who benefit from US largesse.

Mr Trump claimed his tough talk was causing the "money to pour in", although analysts point out that countries were already increasing their contributions under a 2014 agreement.

But during a joint press conference in April, Nato chief Jens Stoltenberg thanked the US president for his attention to the issue. "We are all seeing the effects of your strong focus on burden sharing in the alliance," he told him.

Meanwhile, Mr Trump had a change of heart and said Nato was "no longer obsolete".

He said the threat of terrorism had underlined the alliance's importance and called on members to do more to help Iraqi and Afghan "partners".

Use of force

President Obama was elected to end America's wars in Iraq and Afghanistan, and was extremely reluctant to get involved in another conflict in the Middle East.

Instead the Obama administration focused on providing humanitarian aid, giving some funding to moderate Syrian rebels and promoting a ceasefire and political negotiations aimed at President Assad's departure.

So it was quite a turnaround when the president ordered US missile strikes on a Syrian government airbase in April.

He said the chemical attack blamed by the Syrian government had changed his attitude. "That attack on children had a big impact on me," he said.

The missile strike was the first time the US had directly targeted the Syrian regime since the conflict began, and viewed as a breathtaking policy shift for a previously isolationist leader.

But it was just days until the Trump administration flexed its military muscles once again, this time hitting Islamic State militants in Afghanistan with a weapon known as the "mother of all bombs", or MOAB, that had never been used by the US in combat before.

And with greater US defence spending on the table, the US appears - at least for now - to be taking a more forceful role in foreign conflicts.

Future of free trade uncertain

With his trade policies, Donald Trump has embarked on bringing about the biggest change to the way the US does business with the rest of the world for decades.

He has threatened to scrap a number of existing free trade agreements, including the North American Free Trade Agreement between the US, Canada and Mexico, which he blames for job losses. He has even suggested withdrawing the US from the World Trade Organization.

Since winning the election, he has focused on threatening companies, particularly automobile makers, that he will slap a tariff of 35% on goods manufactured in Mexico.

How far he will get with this is still unclear.

The deal had yet to be ratified by a divided Congress, but Mr Trump's executive order withdrew US participation altogether.

The thrust behind his trade policy is to create jobs in the US, close the trade deficit, and get "good deals" for Americans.

However, he has rowed back on a campaign promise to label China a currency manipulator - a move that experts warned could have provoked a trade war.

Climate change rethink

He has, however, made large strides in his pledge to reverse climate change regulations introduced by President Obama.

He signed an executive order in March that reversed the Clean Power Plan, which had required states to regulate power plants, but had been on hold while being challenged in court.

The president said the order was necessary to ensure US energy independence and jobs. But environmental groups warned that undoing the regulations would have serious consequences at home and abroad.

Mr Trump has repeatedly denied the science of human-caused climate change, describing it as "fictional'.

Like many issues, however, he has expressed conflicting views, telling the New York Times in November that he acknowledged there was "some connectivity" between human activity and climate change and saying he would "take a look at" the Paris agreement, rather than having already decided to pull the US out of it.

Even if he wanted to do that though, the US remains legally bound to the Paris plan for four years.

There are also "legal and procedural roadblocks" which would inhibit Mr Trump from a complete overhaul of US climate policy, The New York Times says.

But critics say his stance could cause other reluctant governments sceptical about the issue to reduce their efforts to cut planet-warming emissions.

Iran nuclear accord in doubt

For President Obama, the deal that saw sanctions against Iran lifted in exchange for guarantees it would not pursue nuclear weapons was a "historic understanding".

But for Donald Trump, echoing Republican concerns, it was "the worst deal I think I've ever seen negotiated".

He had said dismantling it would be his "number one priority" but had not specified what he wanted to do.

Already Iran's Foreign Minister Javad Zarif has urged Trump to stay committed to the nuclear deal. He previously suggested the US would have to respect the accord given that it was thrashed out with several world powers.

Iranian Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei has been more blunt. "If they tear it up, we will burn it," The Associated Press quoted him as saying.

"Iran is playing with fire," President Trump tweeted.

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President Trump: Seven ways the world has changed

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With Donald Trump in the White House, the US's relationship with the rest of the world has changed in some important ways. Here are seven of them. A Donald Trump presidency has raised major security questions in Asia.

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World media shock and dismay at Trump win - BBC News

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World media shock and dismay at Trump win - BBC News

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Media across the world have reacted to Donald Trump's victory in the US presidential election with a mixture of shock, disbelief and anxiety. There is also a large measure of uncertainty as to what the future holds.

In the US some heavyweight papers have published leader articles that are unprecedented in their contempt for the future president.

The New York Times says Mr Trump "is the most unprepared president-elect in modern history" and "has shown himself to be temperamentally unfit to lead a diverse nation of 320 million people".

The Washington Post sees little cause for optimism about the vote, recalling that Trump "has promised to deport millions, rip up trade agreements and international efforts to fight climate change, each of which would hurt many people".

The Los Angeles Times asks in its editorial "How did that happen?" The paper says "the campaign, and the candidate, played to the worst in America, and it has left the electorate scarred".

Liz Peek, explaining the surprise victory in FoxNews.com, says: "It's not that complicated. Average Americans, the men and women who work hard and play by the rules, decided to make their voices heard."

The conservative Breitbart News Network splashes several headlines welcoming Mr Trump across it's web pages, including: "Shock - and awesome: Movement of ordinary Americans stun global elite"; "Outsider candidate overcomes overwhelming odds to defeat establishment, Clinton".

However, it also carries a piece headlined: "I want to quit life: Hollywood 'devastated' after Trump win".

The Miami Herald says in an editorial: "The losers, still stunned, must acknowledge that Mr Trump managed to read the mood of much of the country better than they did, tapping into the frustrations of people who had come to believe that the government was no longer working on their behalf or even understood their problems."

Europe stunned

"How could this happen?" is a similar headline on the website of German daily Die Welt. It says Trump is as "unpredictable as a hurricane".

The main German public service news programme Tagesschau tries to provide an answer, saying Trump "owes his electoral victory mainly to white male voters" who voted for "the political outsider".

The French business daily Les Echos is forthright in its assessment: "Racist, populist, male chauvinist, arrogant and unpredictable. We do not know what is most terrifying in the personality of Donald Trump."

The Washington correspondent of Spain's El Pais stresses that Trump "goes to the White House with massive support from white voters discontented with elites".

Papers in Italy agree, with La Stampa seeing the result as "a hurricane of discontent" that comes "from the belly of the nation".

Russia's state-run rolling-news TV channel Rossiya 24 carried Trump's victory speech live instead of its 0800 gmt news bulletin.

The station aired an animated graphic, showing Trump dancing ecstatically and making faces at Clinton, who is sitting despondently.

"The epic defeat of Hillary Clinton... is a resounding slap from the people to the US political elite" is how the official Rossiyskaya Gazeta paper sees it. "No less resounding than the slap that Britons earlier gave to their authorities at the referendum on EU membership".

World uncertainty

Chinese official commentaries say Trump's victory is a "major blow" to the US establishment.

"From the start, mainstream US media and elites looked down on Trump and described him as loose cannon," the Global Times says on its website.

"We cannot bank the future of Sino-US ties on his character," the paper adds. "Ultimately, it depends on our own strength to maintain China's interests."

The popular Chinese Sina Weibo microblog is dominated by discussion of Trump's win. #TrumpWins is currently one of the top 10 most used hashtags, and social media users are also widely posting messages containing #USElection.

Popular sentiment suggests that China knew Trump would win all along, with some users commenting that Geda, a "prophetic monkey", predicted on 3 November that Trump would win.

Latin American newspapers are surprised but also anxious about the news.

A front-page opinion piece on Argentina's Clarin calls Donald Trump "an emerging neo-fascist".

"The phenomenon is not a one-off," it continues. "It correlates with many European ultra-nationalist figures, and is growing at a serious moment for the world."

No expectation of change in Middle East

One recurring opinion across Arab-language media is that the result will mean little change in the Middle East, and in Syria in particular.

An analyst on pro-Syrian Al-Mayadin TV sums up the general feeling: "Wars in Iraq, Syria, Libya continued regardless of who was in charge... I have not noticed any change to allow us to say now that Republican policy will be worse or better for the Middle East".
BBC Monitoring reports and analyses news from TV, radio, web and print media around the world. You can follow BBC Monitoring on Twitter and Facebook.

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World media shock and dismay at Trump win

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Media across the world have reacted to Donald Trump's victory in the US presidential election with a mixture of shock, disbelief and anxiety. There is also a large measure of uncertainty as to what the future holds. In the US some heavyweight papers have published leader articles that are unprecedented in their contempt for the future president.

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Trump wins US election: How world leaders have reacted - BBC News

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Trump wins US election: How world leaders have reacted - BBC News

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World leaders are reacting to the triumph of Donald Trump over Hillary Clinton in the US presidential election.

As news of the result was confirmed, they began to send congratulations - some fulsome, some more tentative - to the business mogul.

Russia

President Vladimir Putin has said he is willing fully to restore ties with the US following Mr Trump's victory.

"We heard the campaign statements of the future US presidential candidate about the restoration of relations between Russia and the United States," Mr Putin said on Wednesday.

"It is not an easy path, but we are ready to do our part and do everything to return Russian and American relations to a stable path of development.

"This would be good for both the Russian and American people and have a positive impact on the climate of world affairs."

In Moscow meanwhile senior nationalist MP Vladimir Zhirinovsky threw a party at the parliament building to celebrate Mr Trump's win. Former Soviet Mikhail Gorbachev has also welcomed his triumph.

Relations between the US and Russia have become more tense because of the conflicts in Ukraine and Syria and allegations of Russian cyber attacks in the US during the presidential campaign.

China

Chinese President Xi Jinping congratulated Donald Trump in a telegram, state TV reported.

Earlier the foreign ministry said that China was hoping to work with the new US government to boost bilateral relations.

"US China trade relations are mutually beneficial. Two mature big powers like the US and China will handle things well," foreign ministry spokesman Lu Kang said.

"We look forward to working together with the new US administration to push forward consistent, healthy and stable China-US relations which could be beneficial to the people of the two countries and to the world."

Iran

President Hassan Rouhani said the result would not have any impact on Iran's policies. He was quoted by state media as saying the election result reflected internal discontent and instability within the US which would take a long time to be solved.

Speaking in relation to the Iran nuclear deal, President Rouhani asserted that it was a clever move by the Iranian government to establish it as a UN Security Council resolution rather than a deal with a single government.

Earlier Foreign Minister Mohammad Javad Zarif was quoted by the official Irna news agency as saying that the new US president should stick by the deal.

"Iran and America have no political relations, but it is important that the future US president realises his duty to uphold the multilateral obligations of the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action, and we expect the international community to require this of the United States of America," he said.

Iraq

Prime Minister Haider al-Abadi congratulated Mr Trump, saying he's looking forward to America's continued support in his country's fight against Islamic State (IS).

Mr Abadi said he hopes the "world and the United States will continue to support Iraq in fighting terrorism".

Mr Trump's future policy in the Middle East remains unclear.

Afghanistan

President Ashraf Ghani said that his country and the US are "strategic partners in the fight against terrorism and partners in development".

"[The] Afghan government is hopeful that close co-operation [with] the new president-elect will further deepen ties between the two countries," a statement released by the presidential palace said.

Chief Executive Abdullah Abdullah added that "combating extremism and efforts to bring peace and stability" are the top priorities of both countries, along with strengthening economic, military, social and cultural ties.

Canada

Prime Minister Justin Trudeau says that "Canada has no closer friend, partner and ally than the United States".

"We look forward to working very closely with President-elect Trump, his administration, and with the United States Congress in the years ahead, including on issues such as trade, investment, and international peace and security," he says.

Mexico

Conspicuously, President Enrique Pena Nieto does not congratulate Mr Trump on his victory.

Instead, he congratulates the US "for its electoral process" and tells the president-elect that he hopes the two countries will work together to form a stronger relationship.

Venezuela

The foreign ministry congratulated Donald Trump on his win, adding that they hoped the new chapter would be marked by "respect for non-intervention in internal affairs".

President Nicolas Maduro has repeatedly accused Washington of trying to overthrow the South American country's government, a charge that has been rejected by State Department representatives.

The two countries continue to engage in trade despite not having embassies in their respective capitals since 2010.

UK

In her message of congratulations, Prime Minister Theresa May focused on the "special relationship" between the two countries. She said that she hoped that Mr Trump's win would mean a continuation of shared values, including "freedom, democracy and enterprise".

"We are, and will remain, strong and close partners on trade, security and defence," she said.

"I look forward to working with President-elect Donald Trump, building on these ties to ensure the security and prosperity of our nations in the years ahead."

France

President Francois Hollande said Mr Trump's victory "opens a period of uncertainty".

Speaking in a televised address, he said that there was now a greater need for a united Europe, able to wield influence on the international stage and promote its values and interests whenever they are challenged.

Germany

"The US is an old and venerable democracy," Chancellor Angela Merkel said.

"I watched the election result with particular suspense. Someone elected to be president by the American people in free and fair elections has importance far beyond the USA.

"For us Germans, other than with the European Union, we have no deeper connection than with the United States of America."

Czech Republic

President Milos Zeman said Mr Trump's election was a victory over "media manipulation" as he congratulated the new US president.

"I would like to cordially congratulate Donald Trump. I had, as one of few European politicians, declared public support for this candidate... because I agree with his opinions on migration as well as the fight against Islamic terrorism," Zeman told reporters in a rare press briefing at the Prague Castle.

"I appreciate Donald Trump's public demeanour, he speaks clearly, sometimes roughly, but understandably, and avoids what is sometimes called political correctness."

India

Prime Minister Narendra Modi in tweets said: "We look forward to working with you closely to take India-US bilateral ties to a new height," he said.

Japan

Prime Minister Shinzo Abe pledged a continuing close relationship between the US and Japan in his congratulatory message.

"I express my heartfelt congratulations on your election as the next president of the United States," his statement said. "Japan and the United States are unshakeable allies connected by common values such as freedom, democracy, basic human rights and rule of law."

Turkey

President Recep Tayyip Erdogan said on Wednesday he hoped Mr Trump's victory would lead to positive steps for the Middle East and more freedom in the world.

He called Mr Trump to congratulate him and the pair spoke about cooperation on issues including fighting terrorism, the Turkish presidency said.

"I hope that this choice of the American people will lead to beneficial steps being taken for the world concerning basic rights and freedoms, democracy and developments in our region," Mr Erdogan said in a speech in Istanbul.

Prime Minister Binali Yildirim has wasted no time in urging the president-elect to extradite exiled US-based Turkish cleric Fethullah Gulen, who is blamed for orchestrating a coup attempt earlier this year, a charge he denies.

"If you extradite in a short time the head of a terror organisation who has damaged our historic friendship, I am sure that you can give Turkish-US relations a new start and open a new page," he said.

Palestinian territories

President Mahmoud Abbas congratulated Mr Trump in a statement, expressing hope that "peace will be achieved during his term".

Israel

Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu said he hoped to reach "new heights" in relations with Mr Trump, who he described as "a true friend of the state of Israel".

"I look forward to working with him to advance security, stability and peace in our region," he said.

Earlier hard line Jewish Home party leader and Education Minister Naftali Bennett said the notion of a Palestinian state was over after Donald Trump's win.

"Trump's victory is an opportunity for Israel to immediately retract the notion of a Palestinian state in the centre of the country, which would hurt our security and just cause," he said.

"This is the position of the president-elect... The era of a Palestinian state is over."

Liberia

President Ellen Johnson Sirleaf tells the BBC that she is "extremely saddened" by Donald Trump's victory.

"Our concern is whether President-elect Trump will have an African agenda and build bridges," she said. "We can only hope that he will do so in due course."

The president said that she was worried about the future of trade deals between the US and Liberia in particular and Africa in general.

"We do not know what his policy towards Africa will be," she said.

"Obviously we are concerned but we will have to give him the benefit of the doubt."

Scandinavia

Finland, Sweden, Denmark and Norway may have had concerns about the new president, but were hopeful their close relations with the US would continue.

"Let's give Donald Trump the benefit of the doubt," Denmark's Prime Minister Lars Loekke Rasmussen said, as he urged the US not to "close in" on itself.

Any surprise was met with a shrug by Finnish Prime Minister Juha Sipila, a self-made millionaire, who pointed out the polls "got it pretty badly wrong about Brexit as well".

He said that US relations for Finland, which shares a 1,300km (800 mile) border with Russia, are of "paramount" importance and that Trump's victory wouldn't mean a change in the non-aligned county's defence policy, its close ties to Nato or Finnish-Russian relations.

Meanwhile, Norway's Prime Minister Erna Solberg congratulated Donald Trump, and Swedish Prime Minister Stefan Lofven said many Swedes were concerned about the election result, but that they had been "prepared" for it.

Poland

Polish President Andrzej Duda congratulated Mr Trump in a letter, and said: "We are particularly pleased that during this year's Nato Summit in Warsaw the US decided to increase its military presence in Poland, thereby strengthening the Alliance's Eastern flank.

"We sincerely hope that your leadership will open new opportunities for our co-operation based on mutual commitment."

Nicaragua

President Daniel Ortega - who won his third term as leader on Sunday - said he believed "it is possible to work with the United States" on the world's problems "giving priority to peace" as he congratulated Mr Trump.

The United Nations

UN Secretary General Ban Ki-moon said that "in the aftermath of a hard-fought and often divisive campaign, it is worth recalling and reaffirming that the unity in diversity of the United States is one of the country's greatest strengths".

"I encourage all Americans to stay true to that spirit. Today's global challenges demand concerted global action and joint solutions. As a founding member of the United Nations and permanent member of the Security Council, the United States is an essential actor across the international agenda," he said.

Mr Ban added that "people everywhere look to the United States to use its remarkable power to help lift humanity up and to work for the common good" which included the battle against climate change, advancing human rights and "promoting mutual understanding... to achieve lives of peace, prosperity and dignity for all".

The Vatican

Secretary of State Cardinal Pietro Parolin says the Vatican "respects the American people's choice" and hopes that Donald Trump will "serve the wellbeing and peace of the world".

"There is need for everyone to work to change the world situation, which is in great distress", he is quoted by La Repubblica newspaper as saying.

The European Union

Foreign policy chief Federica Mogherini said that trans-Atlantic ties with the US went beyond the election of Donald Trump.

"We'll continue to work together, rediscovering the strength of Europe," she said.

EU Parliament President Martin Schulz said the result must be honoured and that Mr Trump "managed to become the standard-bearer of the angst and fears of millions of Americans".

Philippines

President Rodrigo Duterte, the Philippines' tough-talking leader, offered his "warm congratulations" to the US president-elect.

According to his communications secretary, Mr Duterte "looks forward to working with the incoming administration for enhanced Philippines-US relations anchored on mutual respect, mutual benefit and shared commitment to democratic ideals and the rule of law".

Several leaders of right-wing parties in Europe have also welcomed Mr Trump's victory.

Marine Le Pen, the leader of the far-right French National Front (FN), sent her best wishes to Mr Trump, tweeting: "Congratulations to the new president of the United States Donald Trump and the free American people!"

Dutch anti-Islam populist lawmaker Geert Wilders also tweeted his congratulations.

Nigel Farage, the leader of the UK Independence Party who played a key role in the referendum leading to Britain's exit from the EU, tweeted: "I hand over the mantle to @RealDonaldTrump! Many congratulations. You have fought a brave campaign."

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World leaders are reacting to the triumph of Donald Trump over Hillary Clinton in the US presidential election. As news of the result was confirmed, they began to send congratulations - some fulsome, some more tentative - to the business mogul.