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Just like to say, Hebrew music is beautiful af!

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Kabbalat shabbat songs, Taken from the album: " Shabbat Shalom - Shabbat Songs" Come and celebrate The Jewish Shabbat With Songs in Hebrew, for children and all the Family !

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http://toriavey.com/toris-kitchen/2016/04/passover-potato-kugel/

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http://www.jamieoliver.com/recipes/chicken-recipes/jewish-penicillin/

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· At dinners there are rituals before during and after the dinner.

· Pre-diner rituals include parents blessing each of their kids by laying their hands on the kids heads and muttering Hebrew words.

- The Rabbi will then begin singing the Kiddush (Shabbos blessing over wine, and all family members and guests sip from the small silver wine cup.)

· Every person will then partake in ritual hand washing—consists of pouring water three times over each hand and saying a blessing.

·Then the Rabbi (who was the host of the house) will say a blessing over the food.

·  Women then clear out dishes to bring in dessert, and the men will sit at the table and sing a few Hebrew songs.

·  After the meal everyone will read along in little booklets bentshed (which is saying grace after the meal. This is structure by gender as well.)

-  Men will chant

-  Women will do it in whisper

· Food tends to be a topic of contention between FFB and BTs. There is a lot of ideological beliefs of what orthodox food should look like, but BTs find it a little difficult to transition into their diet. So accommodations are made by BTs, in that they will start to make kosher world cuisine.

-       This identity of mixing in new ways of cooking is part of the BT identity

- Experimenting with food is not always accepted by FFBs.

·  FFBs believe food is correlated to Mitzvah (commandment) to eat meat for example— So for some BTs to want to be vegetarian they are strictly going against commandment.

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· Hair is mostly something BTs will conform to in regards to the orthodox norms. Like a lot of other practices it takes time for people to become full practitioners.

The types of socialization vary though. Some BTs will fall into the norm through their own understanding, but others will experience this change as a result of a FFBs beliefs and ideological remarks about their pre-frum look.

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· For women their hairstyles and coverings are also important symbols.

· More influenced by Halacha, married women are required to cover their hair, but how they do it varies.

· Modern orthodox women might wear a hat, kerchief, and other coverings. Or they will leave their hair uncovered when not in synagogue.

· In Milldale most women wear sheitel (wig) usually shoulder length, straight , and with bangs.

· Girls and unmarried young women generally keep their long hair but in the style of their mothers sheitels.

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· For men, head coverings indicate subtle differences in religious identity.

- It works as an index to what kind of practicing Jew you are.

- Most know head covering is the Kippah. Most non-orthodox will wear it all the time or only in the synagogue/ Jewish ritual.

- As for the ethnographic site, most men wear large black Kippahs often made of velvet. Or they will wear black hats on Shabbos/during the week.

- Modern orthodox on the other hand wear colorful knit Kippah.

· As for hair, most Jewish men have short trim hair, a long beard or short.

Boys will grow their hair until 3 when they have the ceremonial haircut “upsherin” (shearing off) and from then they will have short peyos (side locks) until marriage or when they go to yeshiva.

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Early interaction BTs have with orthodox communities 

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Early interaction BTs have with orthodox communities 

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· Prospective BTs will often dress as they normally do but as they get exposed to more orthodox practices and areas like Shabbos, shul, and yeshiva they begin to try on orthodox styles.

·  There is a need to conform to the orthodox norms to some extent.

·  Some BTs question the stringencies the Black Hat Jews have applied to laws of dressing.

Some will question if these laws such as wearing socks with sandals was even a practice back 10,000 years ago.

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Most of the practices of modesty come from the laws of tznius (traditional Jewish modesty)

· On weekdays women will wear long skirts and blouses or dresses, always with long sleeves.

· Some women care to cover they're collarbones—others leave the top button open.

· At home women most commonly wear robe like house dresses.

· Girls wear shirts or sweaters with skirts (sometimes made of denim).

Taboos:
-       Wearing sandals without socks or tights

-       Bare feet (specifically in the Milldale community)

-      Visitors to orthodox communities not dressing modestly or attempting to.

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Young men at yeshiva                                             Wearing tzitzis

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Young men at yeshiva                                             Wearing tzitzis

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· Young men generally wear white collar shirts and dark pants—even at home or vacation.

· Before yeshiva, boys tend to wear plaid or stripped collar shirts with multiple colors.

· Dressing and many other practices are strongly associated with timing and events of a young person’s life.

The meaning behind Tzitzis is a reminder of the commandments so to hide them is impractical.
·  At age 3 all males will start wearing tzitzis—A thin white garment worn under the shirt with four fringe tassels hanging down. How you wear them varies and sometimes can be a sign of if you are FFB or BT.

-   Some men will tuck the fringes into they're pants

-   Other men will let show a bit by attaching them to the belt loop

-   And others will let them hang down to they're thighs conspicuously (including BT).

·   Wearing and displaying tzitzis is an important part of becoming frum. Some prospective BTs will start by wearing tzitzis all the time but have the fringes tucked in, but over the months some will start to show them in specific contexts such like only on Shabbos. But once they gain knowledge of the meaning of the practice, usually by going to yeshiva, they begin to wear them out all the time.

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Dressing and modesty (context of shabbos and shul)

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Dressing and modesty (context of shabbos and shul)

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• The way people dress in shuls (synagogue-school) tends to be a little more rigid. You will tend to see in the women’s section tailored suits of many colors and long skirts with high necklines. No matter the weather no elbows will be showing.
• As a contrast on the men’s side, there will be as Benor describes “A sea of black and white”. Wearing dark suits, white collar shirts, dark ties, black hats, and married men wearing body length off white tallises with black stripes.
- These trends in clothing are common not only in the ethnographic site of Milldale but other Yeshivish-learning Orthodox communities too.

• When it's not Shabbos you'll find some men still wear the dark suits while others (mostly BTs) wear casual – dark pants and collar shirts.
• But the numbers decrease the more casual it gets. For example, less men will wear T-shirts, jeans, or sweats in public.

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· Being orthodox means taking on new beliefs and complex systems of laws that govern most of the way you live:

-       Types of foods that can be eaten together

-       When prayers are supposed to be recited in the three daily services

- Which activities are prohibited on Shabbos and holidays

These practices tend to be framed under faith and observation

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In this chapter Benor examines the interplay between laws and customs.

It’s worthwhile to understand that not all BTs adapt enthusiastically to these cultural standards of the orthodox community. Some resist certain changes (at least temporarily) and come up with hybrid cultural practices.
- This kind of identity formation is what makes them BTs. And allows these people to distinguish themselves from non-orthodox Jews but also preserve elements of their previous selves.

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The sabbath day is a very socially important day for the Black Hat community of Milldale. The laws of shabbos structure a lot of the social practices FFBs (Frum from birth) and BTs (Ba'al teshuvah' ) live by, but as Benor explains these practices can be different in other communities. There is also an expectation that BTs will modify how they follow these laws. She also makes note that not all communities have the same law for example, it is prohibited to push strollers and carry objects outside of the home but Milldale has an eruv which essentially is a demarcation made of pre-existing structures that makes these activities halachically acceptable by enclosing the community.