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Natural Selection
In this scenario, the dominant recessive population has some beetles to die off. This is a result of their genes being less favorable as compared to homozygous dominant and heterozygotes. Those beetles die and their genes are removed from the gene pool. The more favored genotype (homozygous dominant or heterozygotes) are able to enter the populations and add to the gene pool; this is signifying their natural selection.

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Following the beginning picture on the left, the stages of Immigration and Emigration show certain populations (dominant recessive) entering the gene pool, as well as populations (heterozygotes) leaving. The result is a overal population with a greater number of homozygous recessive beetles who are able to reproduce and less heterozygotes to carry on the population growth.

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In natural selection, a species evolves, to favor one allele in order to adapt to the changing environment and better compete

Before:
AA = 7
Aa = 10
aa = 5
After
AA = 8

Aa = 13
aa = 4

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The founder effect occurs when a group of likeminded animals from a population separate and for a new population
Before:
AA = 7
Aa = 10
aa = 5
After
AA = 5
Aa = 4
aa = 0

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Genetic drift occurs when a species naturally favors one allele over the other.  In this example, the beetles begin to favor the recessive allele.
Before:
AA= 7
Aa = 10
aa = 3
After:
AA = 2
Aa = 8
aa = 5

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In a bottleneck situation, an outside factor causes one allele to be effected.  In this example, the recessive allele, became rarer
Before:
AA= 7
Aa = 10
aa = 5
After:
AA = 8
Aa = 9
aa = 0

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This picture exemplifies migration. In this picture, one beetle, with Aa alles left, while a beetle with all recessive alles migrated into the population.
Before:
AA= 7
Aa = 10
aa = 5
After:
AA = 7
Aa = 9
aa = 6

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CJ HH DL
A small group of beetles was separated from the parent population by a landslide. This resulted in the isolated beetles creating a new population with a different allele frequency than the parent population.

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CJ HH DL
The allele frequencies changed in this population due to a variety of factors. One being that some of the hetero beetles died off and the homo dominant beetles failed to find a mate. Therefore resulting in an increase in homo recessive beetles.

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Group 3 JH, SM, AT, MG:  Population Bottlenecks

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Group 3 JH, SM, AT, MG:  Population Bottlenecks

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Population bottlenecks occur when populations of large numbers dramatically decrease due to predation, disease or climate changes. In this case the catastrophic event that dwindle the population was a flood. The population starts off with every genotype but after the flood all of the homozygous recessive died as well as a few homozygous dominant and heterozygous. The homozygous dominant and heterozygous flourished after the flood however, because the flood didn’t wipe out all of those genotypes so evolution favored those traits.
Initial population:
AA: 8
Aa: 10
aa: 4
During flood:
AA: 6
Aa: 7
aa: 0
After flood:
AA: 8
Aa: 10
aa: 0

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CJ DL HH
There is a natural disaster that drastically reduces population and allele frequency. When population recovers some genotypes are removed from the population.

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CJ HH DL
All homo recessive beetles fail to reproduce due to an unfavorable color.Their color is easily seen by predators. This leads to their genotype being missing from the end population.

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Group 4 A, A, J, J

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Group 3 JH, SM, AT, MG: The Founder Effect

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Group 3 JH, SM, AT, MG: The Founder Effect

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A large variety of beetles with different genotypes starts off on mainland. A few of the beetles move to a new location, away from the original population and create a new population on the location they moved to. The beetles on the new location populate and produce offspring based on the most common genotypes found, in this case heterozygous and homozygous recessive.
Initial population:
AA: 8
Aa: 10
aa: 4
Mainland Population:
AA: 8
Aa: 8
aa: 3
Island Population:
AA: 0
Aa: 6
aa: 4

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CJ DL HH
One hetero beetle has entered the population and one beetle has emigrated from the population. This changes allele frequency because there is a slight decrease in dominant alleles and a slight increase in recessive alleles.

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Genectic drift is the change in alllele frequencies over time which mostly occurs in small populations. In the population you might have some organism that does not reproduce or die which means they are now contributing any alleles for the next population. In generation 1 we have two organisms with the alleles homozygous dominant and homozygous recessive that do not reproduce. In generation 2 we have two homozygous dominant not reproducing and two homozygous recessive that are killed. In generation 3 the population has decreased by a good amount.

Initial population:
AA:7  Aa: 10. aa: 4 mutant: 1

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JW, DP, DF, & LM

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JW, DP, DF, & LM

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JW, DP, DF, & LM

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JW, DP, DF, & LM

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JW, DP, DF, & LM

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Group 4 LB CK MG HA - bottle neck effect 

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Group 4 LB CK MG HA - bottle neck effect 

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The bottle neck effect is the loss of genetic variation after the population is destroyed by an outside source. There are limited individuals left to reproduce and pass on genetic traits. This example shows the bottle neck effect from out original gene pool.
AA- 3
Aa-

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The founder effect is the loss of genetic variation that occurs when a small new population is established. This is an example of the founder effect from our original gene pool.
AA-4
Aa-

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Group 4 LB MG CK HA - natural selection 

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Group 4 LB MG CK HA - natural selection 

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Natural selection is the selection pressure against certain allele combinations. It may reduce reproduction rate or lead to death. It maintains favorable genetypes  in a population. This model shows natural selection fromthe  original gene pool.
AA: 7
Aa:10
aa:2
Mutation:1

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Emigration is when genes may be lost to other gene pools. This shows emigration from our initial gene pool.
AA-5
Aa-5
aa-2

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Immigration is the gain of other allies in the gene pool. This example shows immigration from the initial gene pool.
AA-8
Aa-12
aa-5

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Initial gene pool.
AA-7
Aa-10
aa-4

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Do Not Put Your Names, use Initials and Group Numbers Only.