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The creator is unknown, Egypt, 11th Century.

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Gold Bracelet - Unknown, Egypt, 11th Century - Google Arts & Culture

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This is a steel helmet supposibly used in a battle/war.

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Steel Helmet - Unknown, Turkey, 15th Century - Google Arts & Culture

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
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# data[].attributes.body
The Item helped them figure out there were more animals.

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Although this enigmatic and imposing carpet no longer imparts the message its designers meant it to tell, we know that it's a well-travelled piece. Probably made in Anatolia during the Seljuk period, it was preserved for many years in Tibet, where it came to light during the large-scale dissolution of Buddhist monasteries in the 1990s.

Even if we can no longer understand the original meaning, we can certainly appreciate the beautiful sense of balance and order within the design. The colour scheme is simple - navy blue, wine red, forest green and a creamy shade of white - but the way in which the weaver uses them produces a striking visual effect. The four animals form two pairs based on colour, one outlined in green with a red centre, and the other blue with a cream centre, and each half of the pair is diagonally opposite the other. These larger creatures are 'pregnant' with miniature versions of themselves, once again in contrasting colours. These massive forms are offset by small stylized birds which flit between them, as well as by a spiky border which references Arabic calligraphy.

Are these animals a distant echo of pre-Islamic Central Asian practices? Are they supposed to ward off evil spirits, or carry the dead to the next world? We can only guess, and this carpet isn't telling.

رغم أن هذه السجادة الغامضة والمهيبة لم تعد تنقل الرسالة التي أراد مصمموها إيصالها، إلا أننا نعرف أنها سجادة تنقلت في أماكن عدة. يُرجح أن تكون قد حيكت في الأناضول خلال الحقبة السلجوقية، ومن ثم تم حفظها لسنوات طويلة في التيبت عندما ظهرت إلى العلن خلال عملية تفكيك واسعة النطاق للمعابد البوذية في تسعينات القرن الماضي.

ورغم أننا لسنا قادرين حالياً على فهم المعنى الأصلي، إلا أن بوسعنا حتماً تقدير ذلك التوازن والنظام الجميل في التصميم. استخدام الألوان في هذه السجادة بسيط ـ أزرقٌ نيلي وأحمرٌ قاني وأخضرٌ داكن وتدرجات من اللون الأبيض القشديّ ـ إلا أن الطريقة التي اتّبعها النسّاج في دمج هذه الألوان كانت نتيجتها أثراً بصرياً مذهلاً. تشكل الحيوانات الأربعة زوجين اثنين بحسب اللون. الزوج الأول محاطٌ باللون الأخضر، بينما يوجد اللون الأحمر في المركز. أما الزوج الثاني، فيُحيط به الأزرق مع اللون الأبيض القشديّ في الوسط، وكل نصف من هذين الزوجين متعاكسٌ قطرياً مع نظيره. تحمل هذه المخلوقات الكبيرة نسخاً منمنمة لأشكالها نفسها، بألوان متعاكسة أيضاً. إلى جانب هذه الأشكال، توجد طيورٌ منمقة تحلّق بينها، بالإضافة إلى إطار حاد الأطراف يشير إلى فن الخط العربي.

فهل أشكال الحيوانات هذه تذكر بالأساليب الفنية التي كانت سائدة في آسيا الوسطى في الحقبة التي سبقت الإسلام؟ أم أن مهمتها طرد الأرواح الشريرة أو نقل الموتى إلى العالم الآخر؟ ليس بوسعنا سوى التخمين بما أن هذه السجادة لا تكشف عن أسرارها.

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Carpet with Animal Design - Unknown, Turkey, 11th-13th Century - Google Arts & Culture

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Although this enigmatic and imposing carpet no longer imparts the message its designers meant it to tell, we know that it's a well-travelled piece. Probably made in Anatolia during the Seljuk period, it was preserved for many years in Tibet, where it came to light during the large-scale dissolution of Buddhist monasteries in the 1990s.

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it is old fashion

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Brass Pen Box - Unknown, Syria, 14th Century - Google Arts & Culture

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# data[].attributes.body
It's a clock

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Samanid Slip-painted Calligraphic Bowl - Unknown, Iran, 10th Century - Google Arts & Culture

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
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# data[].attributes.body
This items helped people find place using the star kind of like a mini star map.

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Astrolabes have many uses, including locating the positions of celestial objects, determining time from latitude and latitude from time. In the Muslim world they were also used to calculate the Qibla and prayer times, and were of such importance that they are found as far apart as 9th century Iraq and 19th century Morocco. Not only are these carefully-calibrated scientific objects, but they were also items of great aesthetic appeal.

This particular example is signed on the dorsum below the shadow square: "made by the most humble of servants, 'Isa bin Ilah-dad Asturlabi Lahuri Humayuni." Like gunsmiths and other highly-skilled technicians, astrolabe makers passed their knowledge from father to son, refining it over generations. Isa's father was the chief astronomer and astrolabe maker to the Moghul court, as demonstrated by the word 'Humayuni' in his name. There are three known pieces signed by Isa, and his family produced seven astrolabists over four generations. The fact that pieces such as this are signed is a testament to the pride that these craftsmen took in their work.

للإسطرلاب استخدامات متعددة، بما فيها تحديد مواقع الأجرام السماوية، والتوقيت بحسب خطوط الطول وبالعكس. وقد تم استخدامه أيضاً في العالم الإسلامي لمعرفة اتجاه القبلة ومواعيد الصلاة، وكانت أهميته كبيرة لدرجة أنه تم العثور على إسطرلابات من العراق إلى المغرب ومن القرن التاسع حتى القرن التاسع عشر. ولم تكن الإسطرلابات مجّرد أدوات علمية تم تعييرها بشكل دقيق، بل كانت تمثل أعمالاً ذات قيمة جمالية كبيرة.

يحمل هذا النموذج توقيعاً على ظهر مربع الظل: "صُنع من قبل أكثر الخدم تواضعاً عيسى بن إله داد أسطرلابي هومايوني لاهوري". وكما هو الحال بالنسبة لصانعي الأسلحة وغيرهم من أصحاب المهن التي تتطلب مهارات رفيعة، تناقل صانعو الإسطرلابات معرفتهم هذه من الآباء إلى الأبناء مُدخلين عليها تعديلات على مدى الأجيال. وقد كان والد عيسى من كبار الفلكيين وصانعاً للإسطرلابات لدى البلاط المغولي، كما يبدو من استخدام كلمة "هومايوني" في اسمه. كما إننا نعرف بوجود ثلاث قطع موقعة باسم عيسى، كما أنجبت هذه العائلة سبعة صُنّاع إسطرلابات على مدى أربعة أجيال. وكون قطعة كهذه تحمل توقيعاً، فإن هذا يعتبر دليلاً على مدى فخر هؤلاء الحرفيين بما ينتجونه.

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Brass Planispheric Astrolabe - Unknown, Pakistan, 16th Century - Google Arts & Culture

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Astrolabes have many uses, including locating the positions of celestial objects, determining time from latitude and latitude from time. In the Muslim world they were also used to calculate the Qibla and prayer times, and were of such importance that they are found as far apart as 9th century Iraq and 19th century Morocco.

# data[].attributes.body
this is a dagger and it was made in the 1500's - 1600's

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Steel Dagger with Gold Inlay - Unknown, Turkey, 16th Century - Google Arts & Culture

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# data[].attributes.body
the itmes maps

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Ivory Chess Piece - Sicily, 11th-12th century - Google Arts & Culture

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This ivory faras, recognisable by the single protrusion representing the horse's head. Of particular note here are the two drilled circles on the front of ...

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the item helped muscle scaler study at night

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Brass Candlestick - Unknown, Iran, 1300-1325 - Google Arts & Culture

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# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Document Holder - Unknown, Iran, 6th-8th Century - Google Arts & Culture

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# data[].attributes.body
it is a knife

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Steel Dagger with Gold Inlay - Unknown, Turkey, 16th Century - Google Arts & Culture

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
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# data[].attributes.body
This shows that the art was really popular and was   on tiles all around.

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Iznik Tile - Unknown, Turkey, 1560 - Google Arts & Culture

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
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# data[].attributes.body
Chess. A game that involves hard thinking and skill.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Ivory-Inlaid Games Board - Unknown, Egypt, 15th Century - Google Arts & Culture

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
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# data[].attributes.body
This is a holder created in Iran in the 6th or 7th century used to hold documents

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The creator is unknown in egypt and in the 10th century. The date it was created is 0900/1000. The length is 10.5 cm. The type is flask.

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Carved Rock Crystal Flask - Unknown, Egypt, 10th Century - Google Arts & Culture

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# data[].attributes.body
This is a bowl and it was made so that people can drink out of it or eat out of it and this represents art and it also represents egrogation

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Earthenware Lustre Bowl - Unknown, Egypt, 12th Century - Google Arts & Culture

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
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# data[].attributes.body
They used this for light

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Mosque Lamp - Unknown, Egypt, 1340-1360 - Google Arts & Culture

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
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# data[].attributes.body
the gold danger

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Steel Dagger with Gold Inlay - Unknown, Turkey, 16th Century - Google Arts & Culture

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
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# data[].attributes.body
This picture shows Islamic art.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Underglaze Painting - Unknown, Turkey, 1550-1575 - Google Arts & Culture

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# data[].attributes.body
the best of art

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Earthenware Lustre Bowl - Unknown, Egypt, 12th Century - Google Arts & Culture

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# data[].attributes.body
a steel dagger to protect your self or to cut food

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Steel Dagger with Gold Inlay - Unknown, Turkey, 16th Century - Google Arts & Culture

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
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# data[].attributes.body
This is what they used to sit there candles on

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Brass Candlestick - Unknown, Iran, 1300-1325 - Google Arts & Culture

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# data[].attributes.body
A thing that stores things in it.

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Bronze Casket - Unknown, India, 12th Century - Google Arts & Culture

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# data[].attributes.body
By: Morgan Halcomb

People use this to store water in this

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Iznik Flask - Unknown, Turkey, 1510 - Google Arts & Culture

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# data[].attributes.body
A wooden mask of Omi-onna

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Noh mask Omi-onna (woman) - Iseki Ieshige - Google Arts & Culture

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This mask reveals the ink letters written on its base. They read that a mask carver in Kyoto named Iseki Hikoji duplicated the Omi-onna mask handed down in...

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They used it to find places in the world

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Map of World - Unknown, Egypt, 15th Century - Google Arts & Culture

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# data[].attributes.body
It was used in a war. In that war it was to protect your head from arrows or swords.

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Steel Helmet - Unknown, Turkey, 15th Century - Google Arts & Culture

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# data[].attributes.body
this is a coffee holder wich means that people drink coffee
by matthew coffey

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Made in Switzerland for the Ottoman luxury-goods market, this coffee cup-holder is a testament to both the jeweller 's craft and the patron's wealth. The lavish use of rubies indicates a patron of considerable means and suggests that the piece must have been made to order. The sheer amount of wastage involved in cutting and re-cutting each individual stone shows that the patron had money to burn. Added to this, every stone must have been cut according to the final shape and placing of the previous ones. This would involve the piece being passed between stone-cutter and setter innumerable times, the whole process probably taking several months to complete.

The Ottomans tended to drink coffee out of thimble-shaped, handle less porcelain cups. As these vessels would become very hot once the coffee was poured in, a zarf (literally 'envelope') would be required to protect the drinker's delicate fingertips. In contrast to the plain cup, the zarf would often be extremely ornate, reflecting the owner's wealth and good taste.

صُنع حامل فنجان القهوة هذا في سويسرا لسوق المنتجات العثمانية الفاخرة، ويمثل دليلاً على الحرفية العالية للصائغ الذي صممه وغنى مالكه. ويشير الاستخدام المفرط للياقوت إلى تمتع مالكه بثراء كبير وأنه تم تصميمه بحسب رغبة المالك. والكمية الكبيرة من الأجزاء المفرط بها أثناء تقطيع وإعادة تقطيع كل حجر كريم مستخدم يُظهر أن المالك لديه من الأموال ما هو كافٍ للإسراف في التبذير. وبالإضافة إلى ذلك، فقد كان يتوجب تقطيع كل حجر بحسب الشكل النهائي للأحجار السابقة وموقعها. وهو ما يتطلب نقل هذا العمل من المختص في تقطيع الأحجار إلى ذلك المختص في رصفها لعدد كبير من المرات، ويُرجح أن هذه العملية تطلبت عدة أشهر لإنجازها.

كان العثمانيون يميلون إلى شرب القهوة في أكواب من الخزف لها شكل الكشتبان دون مقبض. وبما أن هذه الأواني ستصبح ساخنة جداً حالما يتم سكب القهوة فيها، فإنه سيكون هناك حاجة لاستخدام الظرف لحماية رؤوس الأصابع الحساسة للشخص الذي يحتسي القهوة. وعلى عكس الفنجان العادي، غالباً ما يكون الظرف مزيناً بشكل كبير ويعكس ثروة وذوق مالكه.

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Gem-Set Gold Coffee Cup Holder - Unknown, Turkey, 19th Century - Google Arts & Culture

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Made in Switzerland for the Ottoman luxury-goods market, this coffee cup-holder is a testament to both the jeweller 's craft and the patron's wealth. The lavish use of rubies indicates a patron of considerable means and suggests that the piece must have been made to order.

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This is what  people fought with back then and they got there food and from war.

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Steel Dagger with Gold Inlay - Unknown, Turkey, 16th Century - Google Arts & Culture

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# data[].attributes.body
This Gem box was used to put jewelry in.

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Engraved Gem-Set Gold Box - Unknown, India, 16th Century - Google Arts & Culture

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# data[].attributes.body
used to fight fierce in war to protect head.

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Steel Turban Helmet - Unknown, Turkey, 1500-1525 - Google Arts & Culture

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
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# data[].attributes.body
this is a glass that they used to decorate and put on tables and such.

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Bouchardon - Lalique, Rene (French, 1860-1945), Designer - Google Arts & Culture

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# data[].attributes.body
This is the egyptian water bottle it was also the first It helped people travel. It also was good for the desert.
By: Jakob Moore

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Bottle - Unkown, Egypt, 1175-1225 - Google Arts & Culture

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# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Carved and Painted Head - Unknown, Iran, 12th Century - Google Arts & Culture

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Gilt-Bronze Fountainhead - Unknown, Spain, 975-1025 - Google Arts & Culture

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This dagger is history we don't have any like it today. this piece shows that was a secondary weapon or to cut things. this is an important piece because they could have used it for a lot or things.this piece also shows that they put artwork on there weapons too. written by camron.

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Steel Dagger with Gold Inlay - Unknown, Turkey, 16th Century - Google Arts & Culture

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# data[].attributes.body
Creator: Unknown, Egypt, 10th Centure

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Carved Rock Crystal Flask - Unknown, Egypt, 10th Century - Google Arts & Culture

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
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# data[].attributes.body
steel dagger to stab someone

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Steel Dagger with Gold Inlay - Unknown, Turkey, 16th Century - Google Arts & Culture

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
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# data[].attributes.body
The water bottle has something to do with the water..

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Bottle - Unkown, Egypt, 1175-1225 - Google Arts & Culture

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# data[].attributes.body
They used this to drink water out of. The creator is unknown and it was founded in turkey in 1510

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Iznik Flask - Unknown, Turkey, 1510 - Google Arts & Culture

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# data[].attributes.body
it shows what refreashed the craftsmen

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Gilded Flask - Unknown, Syria, 12th Century - Google Arts & Culture

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
When this flask was last put on auction, it was described as an Indian piece of the early 18th century. However, its true origins lie six centuries earlier...

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This Glass vase is created in 1275/1300 and the creator is an Unknown ,Syria 1275-1300.

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Mamluk Blue Enamelled Glass Vase - Unknown, Syria, 1275-1300 - Google Arts & Culture

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
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# data[].attributes.body
a mask that they put on they face in the war and it was made out of steel

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Steel War Mask - Unknown, Western Iran or Turkey, 15th Century - Google Arts & Culture

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# data[].attributes.body
It showed that they played chess.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Ivory Chess Piece - Sicily, 11th-12th century - Google Arts & Culture

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This ivory faras, recognisable by the single protrusion representing the horse's head. Of particular note here are the two drilled circles on the front of ...

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They used this to drink water out of. The creator is unknown and it was founded in turkey in 1510

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This is important because this is how most of the knowledge was shared throughout the empire.

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Manuscript of Kitab Hizb al-Bahr - Unknown, Egypt or Syria, 14th Century - Google Arts & Culture

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
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# data[].attributes.body
this tells about their advancements in jewelry.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Gold Bracelet - Unknown, Syria, 11th Century - Google Arts & Culture

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# data[].attributes.body
This is one of the games they played.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Ivory-Inlaid Games Board - Unknown, Egypt, 15th Century - Google Arts & Culture

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# data[].attributes.body
It relate to irrigation

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Water Bottle - Unknown, Turkey, 16th Century - Google Arts & Culture

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# data[].attributes.body
This was a Silk carpet and it was made in Iran of the year of 1575.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Silk Carpet - Unknown, Iran, 1575-1625 - Google Arts & Culture

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Single Volume of Qur'an - Unknown, India, early 18th Century - Google Arts & Culture

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# data[].attributes.body
they study zoology and they were the frist people to do it.

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Animal figurines were a short-lived phenomenon of the late twelfth to thirteenth centuries in both Syria and Iran. The cow or bull figure was especially popular, but in Iran it was made to function as a vessel with a filler spout in the back and an open mouth through which the liquid was poured, whereas in Syria the trend was for figurines with a purely decorative function. The Iranian figurines are highly stylised, only recognisable as cows or bulls through their general outline of head, horns, and four legs. Syrian examples, on the other hand, are very life-like and this sculpture, identifiable as a zebu cow and calf, is no exception. The mother is shown standing while her calf suckles; the hanging dewlap, small hump, swept back horns and large cloven hooves characteristic of the breed are accurately modelled and the stance is naturalistic.

It has been suggested that these animals were understood as a lunar symbol, with the curved horns representing the crescent moon; this theory is supported by the crescent on this cow's forehead. The bull was also a symbol of the constellation Taurus, and along with the figure of a lion was used to represent the Persian new year festival of No Ruz.

شكّلت تماثيل الحيوانات ظاهرة لم تستمر طويلاً في أواخر القرن الثاني عشر وحتى القرن الثالث عشر في كلٍّ من سورية وإيران. كان تصوير البقرة أو الثور شائعاً بشكل خاص، لكن في إيران كان يُعطى للتمثال وظيفة إناء له فتحة للتعبئة من الخلف وفمٌ مفتوح في المقدمة يتم منه سكب السوائل، أما في سوريا فقد كانت لهذه التماثيل وظيفة تزيينية فقط. كانت التماثيل الإيرانية تحمل طرازات غريبة ولم يكن ممكناً تمييزها على أنها أبقار أو ثيران إلا من خلال الشكل العام للرأس والقرنين والأرجل الأربعة. أما النماذج السورية، فقد كانت تشبه الشكل الحقيقي للحيوانات إلى حدّ كبير، ولا يُعتبر هذا العمل، المكوّن من بقرة دربانية وعجل، استثناءً للقاعدة. تظهر البقرة في وضعية الوقوف وهي ترضع عجلها؛ وقد تمّ بشكل دقيق تصوير اللُّغد (اللحم المتهدل تحت رقبة البقرة) والسنام والقرنين المائلين للخلف والحوافر الكبيرة المتشققة، بحيث ظهر التمثال بوضع طبيعي.

وقد تمت الإشارة إلى هذه الحيوانات على أنها تشكل رمزاً قمرياً، حيث يمثل القرنان شكل الهلال؛ ويدعم هذه النظرية وجود هلال على جبهة البقرة. الثور أيضاً كان مثالاً لكوكبة الثور (مجموعة نجوم في السماء): وإلى جانب شكل الأسد ، كان يُستخدم للإشارة إلى مهرجان العام الجديد الفارسي النوروز.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Figurine of Cow and Calf - Unknown, Syria, early 13th Century - Google Arts & Culture

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Animal figurines were a short-lived phenomenon of the late twelfth to thirteenth centuries in both Syria and Iran. The cow or bull figure was especially popular, but in Iran it was made to function as a vessel with a filler spout in the back and an open mouth through which the liquid was poured, whereas in Syria the trend was for figurines with a purely decorative function.

# data[].attributes.body
water bottle to hold water for your household

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Water Bottle - Unknown, Turkey, 16th Century - Google Arts & Culture

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
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# data[].attributes.body
A single volume of Qur'an

# data[].attributes.body
The steel dagger. This shows what people could use to murder people or they could have used it for food or cutting.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Steel Dagger with Gold Inlay - Unknown, Turkey, 16th Century - Google Arts & Culture

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
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# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Iznik Flask - Unknown, Turkey, 1510 - Google Arts & Culture

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# data[].attributes.body
it represents what can be found wile diging in achent culter

# data[].attributes.body
This gold bracelet shows that jewelry has been in existence for a long time.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Gold Repousse Bracelet - Unknown, Syria, 11th Century - Google Arts & Culture

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# data[].attributes.body
Date created: 1100/1125, calligraphy was used alot and is used to show the difference in culture.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
The Book of Fixed Stars - Unknown, Iraq, 1100-1125 - Google Arts & Culture

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# data[].attributes.body
Jewerly
Woman had wore jewerly back then and we do that now. Jewerly was made way back and we wear it now as they did then

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Gold Bracelet - Unknown, Egypt, 11th Century - Google Arts & Culture

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
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# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Made in Switzerland for the Ottoman luxury-goods market, this coffee cup-holder is a testament to both the jeweller 's craft and the patron's wealth. The lavish use of rubies indicates a patron of considerable means and suggests that the piece must have been made to order. The sheer amount of wastage involved in cutting and re-cutting each individual stone shows that the patron had money to burn. Added to this, every stone must have been cut according to the final shape and placing of the previous ones. This would involve the piece being passed between stone-cutter and setter innumerable times, the whole process probably taking several months to complete.

The Ottomans tended to drink coffee out of thimble-shaped, handle less porcelain cups. As these vessels would become very hot once the coffee was poured in, a zarf (literally 'envelope') would be required to protect the drinker's delicate fingertips. In contrast to the plain cup, the zarf would often be extremely ornate, reflecting the owner's wealth and good taste.

صُنع حامل فنجان القهوة هذا في سويسرا لسوق المنتجات العثمانية الفاخرة، ويمثل دليلاً على الحرفية العالية للصائغ الذي صممه وغنى مالكه. ويشير الاستخدام المفرط للياقوت إلى تمتع مالكه بثراء كبير وأنه تم تصميمه بحسب رغبة المالك. والكمية الكبيرة من الأجزاء المفرط بها أثناء تقطيع وإعادة تقطيع كل حجر كريم مستخدم يُظهر أن المالك لديه من الأموال ما هو كافٍ للإسراف في التبذير. وبالإضافة إلى ذلك، فقد كان يتوجب تقطيع كل حجر بحسب الشكل النهائي للأحجار السابقة وموقعها. وهو ما يتطلب نقل هذا العمل من المختص في تقطيع الأحجار إلى ذلك المختص في رصفها لعدد كبير من المرات، ويُرجح أن هذه العملية تطلبت عدة أشهر لإنجازها.

كان العثمانيون يميلون إلى شرب القهوة في أكواب من الخزف لها شكل الكشتبان دون مقبض. وبما أن هذه الأواني ستصبح ساخنة جداً حالما يتم سكب القهوة فيها، فإنه سيكون هناك حاجة لاستخدام الظرف لحماية رؤوس الأصابع الحساسة للشخص الذي يحتسي القهوة. وعلى عكس الفنجان العادي، غالباً ما يكون الظرف مزيناً بشكل كبير ويعكس ثروة وذوق مالكه.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Gem-Set Gold Coffee Cup Holder - Unknown, Turkey, 19th Century - Google Arts & Culture

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Made in Switzerland for the Ottoman luxury-goods market, this coffee cup-holder is a testament to both the jeweller 's craft and the patron's wealth. The lavish use of rubies indicates a patron of considerable means and suggests that the piece must have been made to order.

# data[].attributes.body
a fancy drinking vace

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Water Bottle - Unknown, Turkey, 16th Century - Google Arts & Culture

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# data[].attributes.body
A steel dagger was

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Steel Dagger with Gold Inlay - Unknown, Turkey, 16th Century - Google Arts & Culture

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# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Iznik Flask - Unknown, Turkey, 1510 - Google Arts & Culture

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# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
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# data[].attributes.body
this is a bronze cup and it shows what they drank out of

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Originally, this cup was made for fairly 'normal' purposes - that is for the use of its owner, a royal mamluk (military slave) by the name of Badr al-Din Sanjar. A part of his extended title suggests that he was originally from the region of Amasya, a city in what is now northern Turkey. Later on, this item was modified, converting it from a mere luxury item into a vessel with magical properties. A later inscription on the outside enumerates its powers:

'This blessed cup has benefits collected within it, and dissolves poisons and stings, putrefaction and labour pains, and serve cold and illness, and bite of rabid dogs, indigestion and colic, migraines and blindness, complaints of the liver and, suppuration, loss of blood, cancelling all magic, all sickness and illness, and one should be given to drink from it. For snake bite, whosoever drinks will be safe, by the permission of God, the generous.'

In addition to this list, magic numbers and Qur'anic quotations have been added to the inside and outside, astrological figures on the inside and even a fake date, intended to add age to this piece.

صُنعت هذه الطاسة أصلاً لغايات "عادية" جداً ـ لاستخدامات مالكها الذي كان أحد كبار المماليك واسمه بدر الدين سنجار. ويشير جزءٌ من اسمه المطوّل إلى أن أصله يعود إلى منطقة أماسيا، وهي مدينة تقع في شمال تركيا الحالية. وفي وقت لاحق، تم إدخال تعديلات على هذه الطاسة بحيث تحوّلت من مجرد عمل فاخر إلى إناء ذي خصائص سحرية. وتسرد كتابة تم نقشها على الجانب الخارجي القوى التي تتمتع بها:

"هذه الطاسة المباركة فيها جُمعت منافيع وهي مجرية/ للسموم واللسوع والخموم والطلقة والقرص [و] العلة والكلب/ الكلب وللمغص والقولنج وللشفيقة والصرارة/ والكبد والطحال وللقوة ولرمى الدم ولإبطال / للسحر ولجميع العلل والآفات وفيها يسقى /الملسوع لمن شرب أو سقا فإنه يسلَم بإذن الله الكريم."

وبالإضافة إلى القائمة السابقة، تمت إضافة أرقام سحرية واقتباسات من القرآن الكريم إلى الجانبين الداخلي والخارجي، وأشكال فلكية في الداخل وتاريخ مزيف كان الغرض منه زيادة عمر هذه الطاسة.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Bronze Cup with Silver Inlay - Unknown, Turkey, 1275-1300 - Google Arts & Culture

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Originally, this cup was made for fairly 'normal' purposes - that is for the use of its owner, a royal mamluk (military slave) by the name of Badr al-Din Sanjar. A part of his extended title suggests that he was originally from the region of Amasya, a city in what is now northern Turkey.

# data[].attributes.body
Chess
Chess was a very competitive game in the early times of Europe and it still is.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Ivory-Inlaid Games Board - Unknown, Egypt, 15th Century - Google Arts & Culture

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Mamluk Underglazed Bowl - Unknown, Syria, 1400-1425 - Google Arts & Culture

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# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Earthenware Lustre Bowl - Unknown, Egypt, 12th Century - Google Arts & Culture

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# data[].attributes.body
It Shows that jewelry has been around for a while and we still where it today. So That shows that jewelry come's from further back then we think.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Gold Bracelet - Unknown, Egypt, 11th Century - Google Arts & Culture

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# data[].attributes.body
It looks like an old art vase and they probably put flowers in it or used it to hold wine.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Water Bottle - Unknown, Turkey, 16th Century - Google Arts & Culture

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
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# data[].attributes.body
It looks like a vase to put water or flowers.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Water Bottle - Unknown, Turkey, 16th Century - Google Arts & Culture

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
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# data[].attributes.body
It shows their invention of astronomy and helps them navigate.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Astrolabes have many uses, including locating the positions of celestial objects, determining time from latitude and latitude from time. In the Muslim world they were also used to calculate the Qibla and prayer times, and were of such importance that they are found as far apart as 9th century Iraq and 19th century Morocco. Not only are these carefully-calibrated scientific objects, but they were also items of great aesthetic appeal.

This particular example is signed on the dorsum below the shadow square: "made by the most humble of servants, 'Isa bin Ilah-dad Asturlabi Lahuri Humayuni." Like gunsmiths and other highly-skilled technicians, astrolabe makers passed their knowledge from father to son, refining it over generations. Isa's father was the chief astronomer and astrolabe maker to the Moghul court, as demonstrated by the word 'Humayuni' in his name. There are three known pieces signed by Isa, and his family produced seven astrolabists over four generations. The fact that pieces such as this are signed is a testament to the pride that these craftsmen took in their work.

للإسطرلاب استخدامات متعددة، بما فيها تحديد مواقع الأجرام السماوية، والتوقيت بحسب خطوط الطول وبالعكس. وقد تم استخدامه أيضاً في العالم الإسلامي لمعرفة اتجاه القبلة ومواعيد الصلاة، وكانت أهميته كبيرة لدرجة أنه تم العثور على إسطرلابات من العراق إلى المغرب ومن القرن التاسع حتى القرن التاسع عشر. ولم تكن الإسطرلابات مجّرد أدوات علمية تم تعييرها بشكل دقيق، بل كانت تمثل أعمالاً ذات قيمة جمالية كبيرة.

يحمل هذا النموذج توقيعاً على ظهر مربع الظل: "صُنع من قبل أكثر الخدم تواضعاً عيسى بن إله داد أسطرلابي هومايوني لاهوري". وكما هو الحال بالنسبة لصانعي الأسلحة وغيرهم من أصحاب المهن التي تتطلب مهارات رفيعة، تناقل صانعو الإسطرلابات معرفتهم هذه من الآباء إلى الأبناء مُدخلين عليها تعديلات على مدى الأجيال. وقد كان والد عيسى من كبار الفلكيين وصانعاً للإسطرلابات لدى البلاط المغولي، كما يبدو من استخدام كلمة "هومايوني" في اسمه. كما إننا نعرف بوجود ثلاث قطع موقعة باسم عيسى، كما أنجبت هذه العائلة سبعة صُنّاع إسطرلابات على مدى أربعة أجيال. وكون قطعة كهذه تحمل توقيعاً، فإن هذا يعتبر دليلاً على مدى فخر هؤلاء الحرفيين بما ينتجونه.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Brass Planispheric Astrolabe - Unknown, Pakistan, 16th Century - Google Arts & Culture

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Astrolabes have many uses, including locating the positions of celestial objects, determining time from latitude and latitude from time. In the Muslim world they were also used to calculate the Qibla and prayer times, and were of such importance that they are found as far apart as 9th century Iraq and 19th century Morocco.

# data[].attributes.body
This relates to what we learned because their irragation system became more famouse so they started to make water bottles.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Water Bottle - Unknown, Turkey, 16th Century - Google Arts & Culture

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
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# data[].attributes.headline
This shows that the idea of guards and police,could have started from ancient times. Witch means what we are surrounded by every day actually came from something

# data[].attributes.subject
This shows that the idea of guards and police,could have started from ancient times. Witch means what we are surrounded by every day actually came from something

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
A metal is a material that is typically hard when in solid state, opaque, shiny, and has good electrical and thermal conductivity.

# data[].attributes.body
This relates to what we learned because they used

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Water Bottle - Unknown, Turkey, 16th Century - Google Arts & Culture

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# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Water Bottle - Unknown, Turkey, 16th Century - Google Arts & Culture

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# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Steel War Mask - Unknown, Western Iran or Turkey, 15th Century - Google Arts & Culture

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# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Bronze Fountainhead - Unknown, Spain, 10th Century - Google Arts & Culture

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# data[].attributes.body
Its shows that they played chess.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Ivory Chess Piece - Sicily, 11th-12th century - Google Arts & Culture

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
This ivory faras, recognisable by the single protrusion representing the horse's head. Of particular note here are the two drilled circles on the front of ...

# data[].attributes.body
it showed that they wanted to protect their face

# data[].attributes.body
it shows that they fight

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Steel Dagger with Gold Inlay - Unknown, Turkey, 16th Century - Google Arts & Culture

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
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# data[].attributes.body
This shows that irrigation became more popular because it had more water.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Water Bottle - Unknown, Turkey, 16th Century - Google Arts & Culture

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
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# data[].attributes.body
This shows art.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Ivory is a hard, white material from the tusks and teeth of animals, that can be used in art or manufacturing.

# data[].attributes.body
Was made in Iraq

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
The Book of Fixed Stars - Unknown, Iraq, 1100-1125 - Google Arts & Culture

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
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# data[].attributes.body
The bowl represents caligraphy.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Steel War Mask - Unknown, Western Iran or Turkey, 15th Century - Google Arts & Culture

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
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# data[].attributes.body
This represents art.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Earthenware Bukhara Glazed Tile - Unknown, Central Asia, 1375-1400 - Google Arts & Culture

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
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# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Astrolabes have many uses, including locating the positions of celestial objects, determining time from latitude and latitude from time. In the Muslim world they were also used to calculate the Qibla and prayer times, and were of such importance that they are found as far apart as 9th century Iraq and 19th century Morocco. Not only are these carefully-calibrated scientific objects, but they were also items of great aesthetic appeal.

This particular example is signed on the dorsum below the shadow square: "made by the most humble of servants, 'Isa bin Ilah-dad Asturlabi Lahuri Humayuni." Like gunsmiths and other highly-skilled technicians, astrolabe makers passed their knowledge from father to son, refining it over generations. Isa's father was the chief astronomer and astrolabe maker to the Moghul court, as demonstrated by the word 'Humayuni' in his name. There are three known pieces signed by Isa, and his family produced seven astrolabists over four generations. The fact that pieces such as this are signed is a testament to the pride that these craftsmen took in their work.

للإسطرلاب استخدامات متعددة، بما فيها تحديد مواقع الأجرام السماوية، والتوقيت بحسب خطوط الطول وبالعكس. وقد تم استخدامه أيضاً في العالم الإسلامي لمعرفة اتجاه القبلة ومواعيد الصلاة، وكانت أهميته كبيرة لدرجة أنه تم العثور على إسطرلابات من العراق إلى المغرب ومن القرن التاسع حتى القرن التاسع عشر. ولم تكن الإسطرلابات مجّرد أدوات علمية تم تعييرها بشكل دقيق، بل كانت تمثل أعمالاً ذات قيمة جمالية كبيرة.

يحمل هذا النموذج توقيعاً على ظهر مربع الظل: "صُنع من قبل أكثر الخدم تواضعاً عيسى بن إله داد أسطرلابي هومايوني لاهوري". وكما هو الحال بالنسبة لصانعي الأسلحة وغيرهم من أصحاب المهن التي تتطلب مهارات رفيعة، تناقل صانعو الإسطرلابات معرفتهم هذه من الآباء إلى الأبناء مُدخلين عليها تعديلات على مدى الأجيال. وقد كان والد عيسى من كبار الفلكيين وصانعاً للإسطرلابات لدى البلاط المغولي، كما يبدو من استخدام كلمة "هومايوني" في اسمه. كما إننا نعرف بوجود ثلاث قطع موقعة باسم عيسى، كما أنجبت هذه العائلة سبعة صُنّاع إسطرلابات على مدى أربعة أجيال. وكون قطعة كهذه تحمل توقيعاً، فإن هذا يعتبر دليلاً على مدى فخر هؤلاء الحرفيين بما ينتجونه.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Brass Planispheric Astrolabe - Unknown, Pakistan, 16th Century - Google Arts & Culture

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Astrolabes have many uses, including locating the positions of celestial objects, determining time from latitude and latitude from time. In the Muslim world they were also used to calculate the Qibla and prayer times, and were of such importance that they are found as far apart as 9th century Iraq and 19th century Morocco.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
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# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Single Volume of Qur'an - Unknown, India, early 18th Century - Google Arts & Culture

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
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# data[].attributes.body
This was made in Switzerland.

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Made in Switzerland for the Ottoman luxury-goods market, this coffee cup-holder is a testament to both the jeweller 's craft and the patron's wealth. The lavish use of rubies indicates a patron of considerable means and suggests that the piece must have been made to order. The sheer amount of wastage involved in cutting and re-cutting each individual stone shows that the patron had money to burn. Added to this, every stone must have been cut according to the final shape and placing of the previous ones. This would involve the piece being passed between stone-cutter and setter innumerable times, the whole process probably taking several months to complete.

The Ottomans tended to drink coffee out of thimble-shaped, handle less porcelain cups. As these vessels would become very hot once the coffee was poured in, a zarf (literally 'envelope') would be required to protect the drinker's delicate fingertips. In contrast to the plain cup, the zarf would often be extremely ornate, reflecting the owner's wealth and good taste.

صُنع حامل فنجان القهوة هذا في سويسرا لسوق المنتجات العثمانية الفاخرة، ويمثل دليلاً على الحرفية العالية للصائغ الذي صممه وغنى مالكه. ويشير الاستخدام المفرط للياقوت إلى تمتع مالكه بثراء كبير وأنه تم تصميمه بحسب رغبة المالك. والكمية الكبيرة من الأجزاء المفرط بها أثناء تقطيع وإعادة تقطيع كل حجر كريم مستخدم يُظهر أن المالك لديه من الأموال ما هو كافٍ للإسراف في التبذير. وبالإضافة إلى ذلك، فقد كان يتوجب تقطيع كل حجر بحسب الشكل النهائي للأحجار السابقة وموقعها. وهو ما يتطلب نقل هذا العمل من المختص في تقطيع الأحجار إلى ذلك المختص في رصفها لعدد كبير من المرات، ويُرجح أن هذه العملية تطلبت عدة أشهر لإنجازها.

كان العثمانيون يميلون إلى شرب القهوة في أكواب من الخزف لها شكل الكشتبان دون مقبض. وبما أن هذه الأواني ستصبح ساخنة جداً حالما يتم سكب القهوة فيها، فإنه سيكون هناك حاجة لاستخدام الظرف لحماية رؤوس الأصابع الحساسة للشخص الذي يحتسي القهوة. وعلى عكس الفنجان العادي، غالباً ما يكون الظرف مزيناً بشكل كبير ويعكس ثروة وذوق مالكه.

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Gem-Set Gold Coffee Cup Holder - Unknown, Turkey, 19th Century - Google Arts & Culture

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Made in Switzerland for the Ottoman luxury-goods market, this coffee cup-holder is a testament to both the jeweller 's craft and the patron's wealth. The lavish use of rubies indicates a patron of considerable means and suggests that the piece must have been made to order.

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this was made in the 1570/1580.

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Water Bottle - Unknown, Turkey, 16th Century - Google Arts & Culture

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