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language development (megan): coin thing, language thing
coins: spread out
moral development (maddie): coin thing
spread out coins and explain if you choose this one, you get all of these and your partner gets the rest of these, or if you choose that one your partner gets the rest of these

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1) does the case of federal children support nature vs nurture
2) which language theory is supported?

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theories of adolescents

1. Stanley hall (three key aspects)

1. conflict with parents

2. mood disruptions

3. risky behavior

2. Margaret mead (easy transition)

1. not harsh and difficult but easy to use

3. erikson

1. identity vs moral confusion

4. James Marcia (identity)

1. identity diffusion-sense of having no choices/ unwilling to commit

2. identity foreclosure-conform to expectations to others

3. identity moratorium-crisis, ready for choices, but not sure

4. identity achievement-  commit to own identity and resolve crisis

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future trends
adolescence lasts longer
people are getting married later
sexual maturity occurs earlier
sexual activity is increasing in teens
adulthood: physical and cognitive development

dementia and Alzheimers

Alzheimers is irreversible
deteriorates whole brain
starts in hippocampus (memory) then whole body becomes effected

crystallized intelligence: life experience and everything you have learned

fluid intelligence: school intelligence

stages of grief:

denial
anger
bargaining
acceptance

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4 styles of parenting

1. authoritarian- imposes rules and expects obedience

2. permissive- submits to children desires, makes few demands, uses little punishment

3. authoritative- both demanding and responsive

4. uninvolved/ detached- don't pay attention nor spend time with them, gives little effort to child, child will eventually act out to get attention

Punishment
must be immediate
adults model aggression
adolesence
primary sex characteristics- anatomy of reproduction develops
secondary sex characteristics- non-anatomical sex characteristics
(often times we skip adolescence because we move kids from childhood to adulthood too fast)

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Moral Development: Kohlberg

1. preconventional level: morality of self-interest to avoid punishment or gain concrete rewards

2. conventional level: morality of law and social rules:to gain approval or avoid disapproval

3. postconventional level: morality of abstract principals: to affirm agreed-upon rights

Moral development:Gilligan
(model of development of woman)

1. level 1: orientation of individual survival

1. transition 1: from selfishness to responsibility

2. level 2: goodness as self sacrifice

1. transition 2: from goodness to truth

3. level 3: morality of non-violence

infancy and childhood dev.
Why do children play?
Piaget says: overcome egocentrism / learning through first hand experiences
Vygotsky says: delaying immediate gratification / practice self regulation- learn to think about own world

social interaction: learning is development enhanced with new tasks

zone of proximal development

consciousness is the product of socialization

private speech (talking to yourself as a child) vs inner speech (inside your head)

Language Development theories

Critical period: window of opportunity for learning a language
chomsky: born with internal mechanism
Whorf: language determines how we think
Ainsworth Theory

secure vs insecure attachment

anxious resistent insecure attachment

rage at mother when she returns from leaving

avoidant insecure attachment

may not notice mother is gone

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Social development: parent + child relations
Eric Erickson's stages of development

1. infancy---------trust vs mistrust------------if needs are dependably met, infants develop basic sense of trust

2. toddler---------autonomy vs shame-----toddlers learn to exercise/do things for them self or they doubt their abilities

3. preschooler-----initiative vs guilt-------preschoolers learn to take initiative for their own tasks, or feel guilty about being independent

4. elementary -------competence vs inferiority----children learn the pleasure of applying themselves to tasks or they feel inferior

5. teens------identity vs role confusion----- refining a sense of self or they become confused who they are

6. young adult----intimacy vs motivation----struggle to form close relations ships and feel love or feel socially isolated

7. middle adult------generativity vs stagnation ------contributing to the world through family and work, or not doing anything

8. late adult------integrity vs failure----when reflecting on life, adult may feel satisfaction or failure

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1. Basic trust

1. a sense that the world is predictable and trustworthy

2. major task with each stage of life

3. responsive caregivers

2. self concept

1. sense of one's identity and personal worth

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Jean Piaget (developmental psychologist)
four stages
assimilation: interpreting one's new experience in terms of one's existing schema
accommodation: adapting one's current understandings (schema) to Incorporate new information
theory of the mind: idea about own and others mental states might predict
conservation: difference in amount or other

moral development: Kohlberg

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developmental research

correlation- shows relationship

cross-sectional- research done on many subjects of different ages at the same time

pros: avoids high attrition rate, less expensive

cons: maturation age may be different, different groups are not always alike

longitudinal- research done over a period of time

pros: if it is successful, it is most helpful and gives strongest conclusion

cons: hard to complete, high attrition rate

Prenatal development and the new born
rooting
swallowing
sucking
Babinski
stepping