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You can not segregate in schools.

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You can not conduct prayer at school. (with a group)

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You can not charge someone to vote.

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Expressing speech without words

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Must have a reason why to arrest someone.

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You can not be charged twice with the same offense.

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You can not assume someone is a criminal based on race, gender or religon

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Fair treatment in the judicial system, all entitled rights.

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The government can not make you practice religion.

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The law that prohibits illegal evidence used in a trial.

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Thought to be a free man during the slave period because he was in a free territory, and lost his case in the supreme court because he was not a U.S. citizen.

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We can not make any laws that effect the establishment of religion.

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Determines the laws constituional

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This court case made us entitled to an attorney even if you can not afford one.

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The rights of states to pass laws involving segregation.

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Pro choice on abortions

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Jim Crow are laws that are made to segregate blacks and whites.

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A test on which a voter has to qualify to vote

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Was a case that was against the 4th amendment. You can not search someones house for no reason.

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All people have the rights to equal protection

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Speech to overthrow the government.

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Make a false statement about someone.

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No restrictions on rights with any citizen.

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Access articles, interviews and short videos that aim to aid strategic long-term decision making within organizations and wider society.

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Punishments can not be cruel and unusual.

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Requirement of a jury in all civil court cases.

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You have privacy to your own personal property, without a warrant.

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Have a right to a trial

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You have a right to an attorney.

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Yuma County Board Chairman Requests Federal Emergency Declaration from President Biden in Response to Border Crisis

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The right to bear arms

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" Guns don't kill people. People kill people."

We've all heard this argument. Some think it ridiculous, while others chant it like a mantra--especially every time one of a thousand massacres in the US manages to get airtime , or a kid shoots another kid .

But rarely does either side bother to analyze it.

Ostensibly, the argument claims that guns are not the problem. However, in logic, this creates what is called an exclusive disjunction : only one of two options is possible. If the easy access to and proliferation of guns is not the issue, then it must be the case either that everyone in comparable countries is roughly as bloodthirsty as those in the US (even without guns), or that people in the US are preternaturally prone to violence (regardless of guns).

The former is demonstrably false. The latter makes you a bigot.

1. For those who say that gun regulations are pointless because they will only affect law-abiding citizens (i.e., criminals don't follow laws, so additional regulations won't have any effect, so we shouldn't bother), this is a version of a called the fallacy : if a proposed idea will not result in perfect results, it should not be attempted. If this were true, we should not have any laws ("Criminals don't follow laws, so why bother having laws?") or even any police ("Cops don't catch all criminals, so why bother having cops?"). Besides, assuming that regulating or banning guns wouldn't work is a form of circular reasoning called (deriving the conclusion of your argument from premises that assume it). If other comparable countries (e.g., and ) have done it, the burden of proof is upon those to explain why it simply can't work here.

2. For those who want to illustrate the futility of strict gun laws by pointing to, e.g., Honduras or Mexico, this is a (distracting by claiming something is relevant when it is not), if not a (overstating the importance of a particular bit of evidence, while paying insufficient attention to context). Apples-to-apples comparisons can only be done in countries wherein corruption is low, the rule of law is stable, social mobility is achievable, etc., This is obvious when examining any other domestic issue: there is a reason that people don't compare the US to countries like Mexico or Honduras when discussing health care. It is a failure of critical thinking to suddenly ignore the significance of this difference.

3. For those who want to compare the US to other countries with lots of guns, e.g., Switzerland or Canada, this is a (claiming kinship between two things that are not actually very similar). The vast majority of violent acts committed with a gun in the US would be impossible or unlikely in Switzerland or . First, most of the guns you find in other nations are rifles (rather than ); these are extremely difficult to hide in your pants. Second, they are incredibly well-regulated . In short, this argument implodes because it weds the pro-gun advocate to an accidental defense of stringent regulation and/or removes access to certain types of firearms.

Therefore, the first part of the disjunction results in a failure of critical thinking, or a conclusion that contradicts the facts. Indeed, the only outcome of this line of reasoning that survives scrutiny is that we should have incredibly strong regulations and training for anyone who would own a gun. Irony.

So what about the second part? Are people in the US just condemned to be murderers?

1. For those who want to blame mental illness, this is another red herring, and a not-so-subtle form of bigotry. It may seem tautological --and it certainly makes everyone feel better--to think that anyone willing to shoot another person is deranged. But this is no more the case than the widespread assumption that much, if not most, of gun violence is gang-related . According to the FBI, the majority of homicides committed in the US with a gun are the result of arguments between individuals with no history of mental illness or gang affiliation. Remove the gun from the equation, and you are much more likely to end up with an injury than a corpse. More importantly, by erroneously blaming mental illness , you not only fail to constructively address the problem, you succeed in further stigmatizing mental illness .

2. For those who say that if you take away easy access to guns, people will find other ways to kill each other with just as much frequency, this is bigotry--and a bizarre new species of racism. It requires one to believe that the US population, due to some unexplained and inexplicable biological and/or sociological cause(s), is so breathtakingly violent that we will continue to murder each other at an extraordinary rate by any means necessary. Aside from catching the pro-gun advocate , this route also proves her remarkable prejudice against the US and its people.

3. Further, this entails (i.e., logically requires) a (claiming something follows logically without providing any compelling reason to accept it): that people in the US are exceptionally good at violence. Fortunately, for almost all of us, it is much more difficult to kill someone--let alone multiple people--without a gun than it is with one. On the same day as the Newtown massacre, Min Yongiun attacked a group of school children with a knife in China's Henan province. While clearly horrible--he injured a total of 23 children, severing ears and fingers--he failed to kill anyone before being stopped. If the guns have nothing to do with the homicide rate in the US, you have to believe not only that people in the US will continue to be several times more likely (e.g., 4X more than Britons, 6X more than Germans ) than comparable nations to attempt to kill each other, but also that they will be ninja/Navy SEAL effective at succeeding with whatever is at hand. This is not just false. It is ludicrous.

Thus, in addition to (again) resulting in fallacious, bizarre conclusions, the other side of this disjunction makes you an anti-American bigot. Irony abounds.

Sadly, everything about Oregon was predictable. It was predictable for there to be another mass shooting, because it is so easy to obtain a gun in this country. It was predictable for everyone to line up on either side of a policy debate spouting specious claims and sharing unsubstantiated memes. It was predictable for everyone to suddenly become an equally-informed pundit with equally-valid opinions, declaring that it is the guns or it is not the guns. It was predictable that we turn this completely tractable problem into a shameful impasse .

Because it happens all the time. And it will happen again.

But we can stop acting like there is some argument that justifies this macabre . We could just admit that we love guns. We love them so much--and the cowboy/vigilante/hero/could-be-me mythology that comes with holding one --that we would rather keep seeing adults and kids needlessly, horribly killed than give them up. We love guns more than we hate the violence that comes with them. It's not logical at all. It's emotional.

Or, if we don't want to accept that disgusting state of affairs, let's at least strip the sham patriotism that is the pro-gun advocate's favorite armor. Maybe if we start calling pro-gun advocacy what it really is--either demonstrable ignorance or anti-American bigotry--then maybe we can have a meaningful dialogue about what is killing us and why.

So next time someone tells you, "Guns don't kill people. People kill people." Maybe respond by asking them, "Why do you hate America so much?"

Instructor of Philosophy, The University of Texas-Pan American

guns in schools oregon shooting guns on campus gun rights impact

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Those Who Say Guns Don't Kill People Are Anti-American Bigots

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"Guns don't kill people. People kill people." We've all heard this argument. Some think it ridiculous, while others chant it like a mantra--especially every time one of a thousand massacres in the US manages to get airtime, or a kid shoots another kid.

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The protection of- Speech, Freedom of Religion, Assembly, Press, and a right to Petition.

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There are few things that irritate me as much as willful ignorance, and that's exactly what this is.

Back in November, as protests burst out on the University of Missouri campus, a student journalist named Tim Tai set out to cover the demonstration. He was, however, met with some resistance from protesters.

To be quite clear, the demonstrators and faculty member(s) blocking his view were being extremely rude and were asserting rights they didn't have (they had no power to block him from a public space on a public campus). And it would have been great had this been written up for what it was: a mess.

Instead, what followed was a flurry of thinkpieces chastising the students (as a whole... like... all the protesters) and claiming that they had somehow infringed on Mr. Tai's first amendment rights.

"[Mizzou professor Brian Kratzer] says he has witnessed what he's called an 'a la carte' approach to the First Amendment, in which some rights were observed and others ignored.

"At the beginning, as one of the leading black student groups started to plan the protests, journalists who arrived at open meetings on campus were told to put down their cameras and close their notebooks. Such journalistic tools would inhibit free conversation, they were told. One student leader who ultimately went on a hunger strike forged a cordial relationship with a photographer who captured many key moments.

"Faculty members who joined the movement were advised by email and Twitter not to talk to reporters but to refer inquiries to one or two protest leaders. By the time the protests emerged on the Carnahan Quad, demonstrators sought to squash the right of student reporters and journalists to document their cause. They did it with signs saying 'No Media.' They did so with words of warning, with implied menace; even, in some cases, shoving reporters away from a campus quad where they had every right to operate."

The problem is that no one's First Amendment rights were violated. It's the media's right to show up, to film and report without being arrested for doing so; it's not their right to compel people into making that reporting easy or even convenient. Students were within their rights to ask journalists not to film (journalists didn't have to listen). The First Amendment doesn't mean you need to smile and play along if a reporter shoves a camera in your face.

I saw a similar thing happen recently regarding the protests against Chicago Mayor Rahm Emanuel.

Except, again, no one's First Amendment rights were being violated. Sure, someone yelling "Fuck your press rights!" in response to someone asserting "press rights" they didn't actually have is probably a bit rude, but if anything, that's an expression of someone's free speech, not a suppression of it.
There's a difference between being rude and infringing on Constitutionally-guaranteed rights.
Want to see someone's speech being suppressed? How about this?

NPR's Sarah McCammon tweeted a photo from a recent Donald Trump rally. Journalists there to cover a public figure whose words are (sadly) relevant to the country's public interest, were put in pens by the Secret Service, a government agency.

And while maybe neither event is an example of free speech being truly violated, which one do you think the media took more issue with?

The college kids, of course. Because... kids! Get off my lawn!

Hey, it makes for good fodder!

Free speech and tolerance does not mean someone needs to listen to you or let you photograph them.

It just doesn't. You want to go up to someone and yell or shove a camera in their face, go for it. You've every right to. The other person has the right to tell you off for it, walk away, or just not listen.

My hope for 2016 is that we stop misrepresenting actions for the sake of being readable. Until Congress tries to pass a law abridging the right to publish reported material (they won't, don't worry), the First Amendment is safe and sound. Stop acting otherwise. Can you do that for me, media?

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The First Amendment Right to not understand the First Amendment.

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There are few things that irritate me as much as willful ignorance, and that's exactly what this is. Back in November, as protests burst out on the University of Missouri campus, a student journalist named Tim Tai set out to cover the demonstration. He was, however, met with some resistance from protesters.