# data[].attributes.body
Muhammad Rusydi Bin Abd Rahman 1723049
Mohamad Nabil Aiman 1726205
Amir Hakim Bin Rosliza bin Ahmad 1727253

Dr, i would like to know your opinion, what is actually the purpose of giving hard questions in big examination such as SPM since the students wouldn't know the answer, only the grade. Moreover the grade would more likely to change and follows the average score by the students. Does the questions is to test the understanding of individual or that particular year students?
answer:
your question is based on ASSUMING ALL SPM students are at the SAME academic ability.
You can't just assume that.
Out of all the SPM students, surely there are about 15-20% BRILLIANT students. hope this answer your question.
so for the brilliant students, we cannot have ALL EASY questions -  then these students will easily SCORE 100%.
Remember - EXAMS/Tests WANTS VARIATION (in the end it is a normal curve Distribution)

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Mohd Faris bin Mohd Lukman (1723985) Muhammad Hanif bin Rubaine (1729719)
Sir, we just want the clarification, why the answer choices in mcq need to be in equal length?
Answer:
research shows: the longest option is about 80% chance/times THE CORRECT answer.
So why give CLUE to students UNnecessarily?  :)

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Nur Ssoleha Bt Hasan Basri 1717542
Nur Abidah Bt Murat 1629288

sir, we just want a clarification of this statements in your notes "False items tend to discriminate more highly than true items. Therefore, use more false items than true items".

and why we have to use more false items than true item?

which note?
please get back to me via Whatsapp.

frankly, i tend NOT to agree on that note.
i try to answer you gals via whatsapp once you can show me the details of the notes.

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Siti Nurfatihah bt Ab Ghani 1723404
Tengku Hannah by Tengku Abd Rashid
1720224

Is it recommended to indicate marks and time limits for answering in each essay question?

answer:

the common guidelines recommended that we PUT MARKS accordingly.

Time limits depends. some authors of assessment say recommended, some say no.

so up to you then.

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MUHAMMAD SHAZANI BIN HANAPI (1718577)
SYAFIQ IZHAR BIN SHAHARUDIN (1718735)

How can essay question assess deep understanding to provide the best answer for students ?
answer:
Essay MUST NOT ASK MERELY:
[state this, discuss that, explain this, what are the factors, etc etc. (not a good essay that challenges the mind).]

you try to answer this question. then you should realize what i mean:

"In the context of todays culture of "lecturers and teachers TEACHING to the TEST, and the notion of the NEW NORMAL in this pandemic era; put forth 3 ARGUMENTS that you can defend and justify on how to IMPROVE ONLINE Assessment that would benefit students significantly while at the same time helped teachers to teach better and teach meaningfully at the HOTS level."

ok.. can you see now? do you think this above question only TAP MEMORY or merely ask for FACTS? i bet you the answer is definitely a 'NO'.
I hope this answer your question!

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Iera Umairah Binti Mohd Lotpi (1711042)
Nurazatulazwa Binti Zainuddin (1714104)

As we know, there are several limitations of multiple choice questions such as it may fails to test higher levels of cognitive thinking, may encourage guessing and cheating, but why it still being used as one of the assessment in examination?

answer:
for ONE SIMPLE REASON. it is the only kind/type that can ASK MANY QUESTIONS in one exam paper over couple of hours. and it is FAST to mark (via computers). And you can COVER the whole syllabus using this type of quesitons (MCQ) - thus it can be said, MCQ very popular, YOu cannot have exam with 50 or 100 essay questions, can you?  :)

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-Umi Shakirah Mohd Arshad 1723298
-suraiya matardam 1529964
-nur aqilah najihah bt md salim 1720384

Q1
Like we know,  for kindergarten or primary school, it is impossible to give them long essay and abstract questions while for collage students, it doesn’t make sense if we give them blank space or matching test kind of question. Thus, how we can determine what kind of question that suitable for certain age group or level of our students?
answer:
in actual fact, you already answered your own question.
it is obvious : much young children -  go for more selected response.
for older kids or adults -  focus more on constructed response item.
there is no other SPECIFIC reason other than the above.

Q2
By that, thus college students really need to stuck with long essay test (to test their writing skill) or it should be vary for them so they got more chance to score in exam.
answer:
there is NO RULE to state - for adults or university students, MUST ONLY use Essay.
MCQ can be build only at the HOT level. But is is not easy to build.

Q3
From my past experience, some people are more skilful to certain type of question like I can randomly get right answer in multiple questions although I don’t know the answer ( u can call me lucky). By that, the realibility of the test is decreasing because it not fulfilling the objective ( to test level of knowledge). so what do you think about this?
answer:
AGREE> this is call students who are "TEST WISE" -  they have the tendency to see and know how the questions are build and take advantage. In assessment, builders of test must try to reduce the chance a test wise kid can gain advantage. BUT SERIOUSLY -  such test wise kids are NOT MAJORITY of exam takers.
****pls next time: only 1 Question per group ok? not fair for the others AND it is kinda challenging as it is for me to answer this many questions. aduh :(

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Ain Afiah bt Ma'min (1720068)
Balqis Yuhanis bt Buhari (1726840)

In malaysia, we have lots of big examination such as UPSR, PMR and SPM. Do the government or Lembaga Peperiksaan will go through all the questions so it suit and follow the test items?. Because, we learned about test items to have a good questions right? But, we still can found example of questions which not follow the guidelines (test items) in the examination
answer:
your concern is as good as mine.
By now you can see that EVEN in the Workbooks SOLD in our bookstores, there are questions' formats NOT FOLLOW guidelines. SO HOW?
SOME of the people in power may (possible) be ignorant about these assessment principles OR just may not care that much (to change or to review).
That's my opinion.

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MUHAMMAD SYAFIQ RAMADHAN BIN MUSTAPHA 1712331
MUHAMMAD SYAMIM FITRI BIN SAIDIN 1611679

Question 1: It is mentoned in the video that many educators out there always make mistake in giving the test's instructions and it is mentioned that creating a clear instructions in making a test is important. My question would be is there any tips or what is the correct way or important things to be considered in writing a clear instruction while creating the test.
answer:
1. how to answer the questions: ie. read the questions carefully, etc.
2. time allocated to do the exam
3. what resources can be used (ie calculators).
4. brief warning - not to cheat.
But the list goes on. if you noticed, the chief invigilater will READ out the instruction before any final exam taken in the large exam hall.
If you need more clarity -  check any past year final exam papers. The instructions are usually standardized.
Question 2: How to decide whether which type of test are more suitable for the subject we are teaching?
answer:
In assessment: A COMBINATION of type is recommended-
Part A: T/F
Part B : MCQ
Part C: Fill in the blanks
Part D: Essay
(or any combinations of the above)

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NUR FATEHAH SYAHZANANI 1723936
NURUL HUSNA BT ISMUT 1728490

Is there any guideline from the KPM (Lembaga Peperiksaan) to make the examination questions (example : Peperiksaan Awal Tahun) fair to all the students regarding to their level and is it fair for a teacher to do the questions (MCQ or Essay) just to test his/her students' knowledge?
answer:
i am sure the LPM (exams syndicate/council) has taken all these into considerations. They have a big team/committee to make sure ALL questions are indeed from the syllabus and are not biased. And the Standardized Exams in malaysia are indeed Valid, Reliable and FAIR.
your 2nd question: to ask if it is fair; then i think ( my view); it DEPENDS on the Teacher.
the teacher can ASK on any level that the teacher deem fit (within the teacher control and power and authority). Hopefully the teacher DOES things for the BENEFIT of the students (not to the DETRIMENTAL of students), insyaAlllah

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NOR SYAMIMI BINTI MAT RAHIM (1714948)
NUR NABILA SYAKIRAH BINT ABDUL AZIZ (1710800)
Question 1:

As we understand, an essay type question is to avoid student from being guessing the answer like MCQ, what if  teachers provide many blanks in a paragraph of statement for short answer question, can or not?
answer:
can. if there are many blanks in a paragraph or a composition; then this is called " FILL IN THE BLAnk" and it is part of "constructed response items".

may be used in primary school more than universities.

Question 2:
Is it possible to occur misconceptions regarding essay type questions in order to assess high order thinking skill?
answer:
possible. remember - Essay are reserved to ask "higher order thinking skills' and reasoning.

asking (for example):  what is the name of this thing? is NOT a good example of essay,
Also
asking : state the name of.....
write the place of....
name the year....
These above are bad for essay (UNLESS it is the part (i) of an essay that have several parts).

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Nur Hafini bt Hussin (1715894)
Fatin Natasha bt Ramlan (1723278)

Question:
How to measure learning objectives in essay questions as the students are free to answer and give their opinion especially in HOTS question?
Answer:
Something is wrong in your question!
LO is not measured by the questions.
The question MUST be derived from the LO (via TOS).
so please be careful about your understanding.
QUESTION BUILT from teacher's TOS that was originally GUIDED by the LO.
so LO is NOT being measured by any Questions or test items.
the questions and test items 'come into existence from the LO's' .Hope you understand this now.
Maybe you mean the RUBRICS and Scoring Scheme ?
then the rubrics or scoring scheme MUST include all possible points/arguments/answers that student MAY give and the scope of the acceptable answers are agreed upon by the evaluators (lecturers)

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Faten Nabila Bt Asmadi (1723372)
Amiratul Hasanah bt Amir Hasland (1725144)
Question:
I would like to ask your opinion is it okay to certain teacher to blame some of their students who get low marks in examination when actually some of the questions are hard to understand because of the words used by the teacher?
Answer:
yes. if the students did "bad" in an exam and score very low. There may be several reasons:
1. YES, unfortunately some students did not understand the lesson or truly they are weak academically.
2. Yes, the Questions are overly tough and difficult (so whose fault is this - definitely not the students)
3. Related to #2 -  Teacher DID NOT TEACH well or even teacher not experienced in the subject area.
So any of the 3 reasons is possible OR any combination of the 3.

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Rabiatul sufiah bt Noordin 1723902
Fazliyana athira bt Ishak 1718894
Question:
Why question of examination sometimes do not follow the content in syllabus?
answer:
if this does happen and i realise, it occasionally happen to classes/courses here in IIUM; then all I can say is that the lecturer is not that familiar with assessment guidelines (or to be blunt - lecturer ignorant with assessment principles. ie: Constructive alignment).
BUT, maybe - most topic already covered during classroom work/activities or discussions and HW. So exam questions only pertain/asked topics not covered during the semester in session.

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Hamina Okamoto 1728284
Nurfarahin Ahmad 1722870

Question:
In constructing essay test items, we are encouraged to avoid giving the students a choice among optional items as this greatly reduces the reliability of the test. However, it is still occurring in most examinations where teachers prefer to give the flexibility to students to choose their own questions to answer as this allows 'freedom' and 'opportunity' for students to be able to answer the questions well.
Firstly, why does giving a choice reduces reliability?
Secondly, if teachers still do give such options, how can we know whether the test constructed is reliable or not?

Good question:
it is still happening because the lecturers doing it or following it still DUE to them "not knowing better'. Means: they do not truly know the guidelines of Assessment.

Reason not to give choice:
if you have 5 essay questions and was required to answer 2 of them for the exam. (And assuming Each of the 5 essay has DIFFERENT DIFFICULTY LEVEL) - say question 3 is the most difficult.
so definitely majority of students WILL NOT PICK AND CHOOSE Q3.
You can only have CHOICES if the lecturer can build all questions with THE SAME DIFFICULTY LEVEL!

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Nurul Izzah Farhana Bt Saidi
1727936
Ulfa Lubaina Bt Mohd Amin
1721174

Do we need to have a balanced HOTS and LOTS question in both selected response and constructed response in one set question ? For example, if the ratio of HOTS to LOTS question in MCQ (selected response) is 1:3, do essay question (constructed response question) needs to follow the same ratio?
Answer:
no, in assessment there is NO RULE to say we MUST have 50/50.  again - UP to the CONTENT EXPERT/SUBJECT MATTER EXPERT to decide. Who knows best about the STUDENTS in the class?  the EXPERT TEACHERS correct?
But if you happen to find an exam or test , do have , say 50/50 items; then we can say it is just a coincidence.

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ROBIATUL ADAWIYAH BT M HAIRIL ANUAR (1720334)
NURUL FARHANIS BT AZNAN (1722832)

Before a counselor conducting a session with client, the counselor will provide an intake form either in MCQ or short answer or both (using selected-response or constructed-response formats), then when the client answer the form, how can counselor know is it reliable or not? client may answer the form based on their interest to have session or not. Besides, there is no rubrics or format answers in counseling.
answer:
in this case, it is not an "academic test" - it is merely a Questionnaire.
So -  it is all on the ASSUMPTION that the client will ANSWER HONESTLY.
how can we know they answer honestly? WE DO NOT KNOW.
But in the instructions; we do state for them to answer honestly, truthfully -  if NOT, then yes, the test is not valid/not reliable.
Generally, ALL test constructed by professional bodies ARE valid & Reliable.

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Are mcq questions need to be arranged accordingly to the level? Easy, Natural and hard?

For example:
Question 1-10: easy

Question 11-20: natural

Question 21-30: Hard
If yes, why it needs to do so?
Answer:
Depends on the builder/creator of the test.
A) for medium to good groups of students/classes -  no need to arrange like the above. (actually students won't notice also).
B) if it is purposefully to help/assist weak students (weak class), then it is ok.

either you arrange or not -  it is still a valid test. (students WON'T have the time to think about it at all).

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FARID AKMAL BIN ZULKIFLI (1723943)
HAIRUL NIZAM BIN HANASI (1615433)
How does a multiple choices test can be related to bloom taxonomy?
Bloom's Taxonomy AND HOW IT RELATED TO MCQ.
ANSWER:-
EXAMPLE: I shall try to  show you only the STEM ok? the 4 options you can think on your own OR refer to other resources!

KNOWLDEGE
1.  What is the name of Malaysian national car?
A.  ?  B  ?  C ?  D  ?
COMPREHENSION
2. Name two of the names of our national car that was produced before the year 2000?
A. ? B ? C ? D ?
APPLICATION
3. Why was the brand name JUARA terminated?
A ? B ? C ? D ?
ANALYSIS
4. If you compare this brand car with any Japanese car, what is it's one main advantage?
A ?  B  ?   C  ?  D ?
EVALUATION
5. What are the possible main reason that Malaysia had to introduce another national brand?
A ? B ? C ? D ?
CREATE
5. Based on the 5 options (photo sketch)  below, choose the BEST possible and most logical progression of the brand in the year 2050.
Now can you see the progression from Q1 up to Q6??
LOT then moves up to HOT ?
hope you understand better now.

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NURUL HUSNA BINTI AZMI (1721478)
NURRUL HASIEFAH BINTI ROHMANAN (1725966)

Is it Open Book Question under the constructed-response? and is there have any suggestions on how to write the question items?

answer:
yes it is. the only main point is that for a open book exam ; the Question MUST NOT BE at the lower order thinking skill reasoning.  For example:

1) what is the name of this object (A)? (absolutely LOT- merely can be answered if student MEMORIZED)

versus HOT example:

2) how could this object(A) be used, in combination with object B, and object C to make sure that the temperature of this room remain at 36 degrees centigrade?   Elaborate your answer together with a diagram and schematics <----- see how challenging this question is??
This is an example of a HOT that can be used in an open book exam.
Now you tell me: which is the more challenging Question and WORTHY to be in an open book exam!?

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1. NUR LIYANA BINTI HASHIM (1728970)
2. FARIHA AZNERA BINTI MOHD AMIN (1725750)

We already know that Essay Test Items can be biases on the behalf of the grader, but why it is being used widely in examination questions in the name of developing High Order Thinking Skill (HOT)? Is it unfair for the students if their grader being biases towards their answers in examination?
answer:
yes, you do have a point. but essay advantages (as a whole) outweighs its disadvantage - that is one of the 'why' it is still being used. Anyway -the new formative and alternative assessment proponents offer other ways to 'test/evaluate' students via project and portfolio.
most or majority of essay markers are trained and the probability that they are biased are quite low. past statistics showed, if any marker is found to be biased, he or she won't be marker for the next exam.

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MOHD ZA'IM ALTHAQIF BIN MAT RAHIMI (1726899)
AHMAD 'AFIF HAKIMI BIN AZMAN (1728799)

Some MCQ ask us to choose the answer either "I and II" or "I and IV". Sometimes "I,II,III and IV". What is the significance of this kind of question and does it not waste the students' time to answer it?
answer:
you got it. In Assessment circle, it is NOT recommended to use that kind of roman numeral options I, II, III then I, IV & V, so on. Sometimes, if the teacher who created such types are not careful, the student answering can see a pattern. for example:

A. I, II
B. I, III, V
C. I IV, V
D. II, III
If for example, for any question like this, IF, let say IF the student ONLY RECALL/REMEMBER that OPTION 1 is 100% wrong, then for CERTAIN he will choose answer D (correct answer).
Now you understand why this type is NOT RECOMMENDED?

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NURUL IZZAH FARHANA BT SAIDI (1727936)
ULFA LUBAINA BT MOHD AMIN (1721174)

When is the suitable time for the teacher to construct the table of specification? Is it essential to do it at the beginning of teaching period for respective subject or before constructing a test? And does the TOS are flexible to be modified ?

answer:
in the era of "assessment driven instruction"; it is recommended that teacher begins to THINK about assessment early in the year and also early in the semester. Having ideas or plans on how to assess students later on, will help GUIDE teacher to plan lessons/instructions accordingly - guided by elements of the TOS. So answer is yes, beginning is good; not at the end.
And yes, TOS is flexible. it is different for essaay kind of questions. what i asked you to do in this assignment is for MCQ type of questions.

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Newer version of Bloom's Taxonomy. Level 'evaluate' is replaced with level 'create' and 'synthesis level' is taken out.

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Newer version of Bloom's Taxonomy. Level 'evaluate' is replaced with level 'create' and 'synthesis level' is taken out.

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check out the sample of action verbs at the different 6 levels.

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This is an example of the OLDER version of BLoom (highest level is EVALUATE)

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Muhammad syafiq Ramadhan Bin Mustapha 1712331
Muhammad Syamim Fitri Bin Saidin 1611679
Question: To be able to make a TOS a teacher need to know their student's level of knowledge and understanding and also on how many topics that they have already taught but what if for example the new teachers out there that are still new in this teaching arena and they misinterpret their student's capability? What are the main and essential things that teachers need in order to make a right judgement about their student? As an experienced person in this teaching field, what tips that you want to give to them or what kind of things that you think the teacher need to mastered to be able to the test appropriately and suitable with the student's level of knowledge. Thankyou
answer:
1. do a pretest when you first meet them and begin starting to teach them
2. get to know them individually -  talk to them, ask questions about their lives, etc.
3. while teaching, observe them, and in the process identify their strength and weaknesses
4. in group discussions, observe and watch them interact -  you will notice all sorts of behaviors and telling signs of their cognitive developments
5. let them engage with you and others with critical thinking and encourage compelling discourse, etc
6. .....and the list goes on and on.....
I am sure by now - even you as current students can see what it takes to be a 'good effective' teacher.

p/s: next time try to make your Question short, direct and not long winded. :)

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Amir Hakim Rosliza 1727253
Muhammad Rusydi Bin Abd Rahman 1723049
Mohamad Nabil Aiman bin Ahmad Nasri 1726205
Question:
Does Table of Specification relevance in educational development?
answer:

TOS  is Part & parcel of Educational Assessment.
Go check every book on TEST BUILDING, you will READ and SEE TOS.

*i worry after ALL my responses here in padlet - a total of 21 ANSWERS&RESPONSES, you still do not see it's relevance?

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NUR NABILA SYAKIRAH BINTI ABDUL AZIZ
(1710800)
NOR SYAMIMI BINTI MAT RAHIM
(1714948)
Question:
Since Tos is a tool to help teachers to build test, so in order to create hot questions, does teachers need to look at the students' level of understanding or teachers can provide just any hot question for students?
answer:
depends on the teacher. remember teachers KNOWS BEST about their own class and the students they are TEACHING. (not headmaster, not other teachers , not even parents!).
If you think the class is average and for sure not able to answer many HOT questions, then do not ask too many HOT questions.
You do not give HOT questions for the SAKE OF IT. hope you understand better now. :)
* [u can even have HOT column having NO questions at all]
there is nothing wrong.
Again: YOU decide!

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NURAZATULAZWA BINTI ZAINUDDIN (1714104)
IERA UMAIRAH BINTI MOHD LOTPI (1711042)
Question:
Do the candidates are allow to see or know the content of T.O.S before they sit for the test or examination?
answer:
Generally, students DO NOT SEE or allowed to see the TOS.
BUT teacher can give a general quidelines of how or what the test will be. (number of questions, level of questions , even to which general topics are covered). Students should not be given clue of exact wording of questions, etc.

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Hamina Okamoto (1728284)
Nurfarahin Ahmad (1722870)
Question:
In creating the TOS, a teacher has to use the knowledge of the topic content, student's cognitive levels as well as their professional judgement to determine the appropriate type of question for each item. As a new teacher, what are some measures/considerations to keep in mind to ensure that the TOS created is valid and reliable, and the assessments created accurately measure the students' understanding of the topic?
answer:
Again, as a new teacher,he or she must know the students (weak, average , or good) - from here, questions can be decided with more weight given to more important topics (even after taking into consideration level of the students in class) TOGETHER with number of appropriate items. Teacher decide What Topics to include in that test, HOw many questions and what difficulty level. New teachers will learn the ropes in due time (learn via experience)

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NURUL HUSNA BINTI AZMI (1721478)
NURRUL HASIEFAH BINTI ROHMANAN (1725966)
Question: Can you list 3 advantages of this TOS?
answer:
1. TOS makes deciding topics, number of questions needed, & level of difficulty of questions EASIER and SYSTEMATIC for teachers.
2. TOS helps new freshie teachers learn the ropes of classroom assessment - ie. building QUALITY test (via elements of TOS).  Hope you can realise this by now.
3. TOS is an example of CONTENT VALIDITY. SO any experts from the same course/subject area will VOUCH and AGREE that your questions are indeed from topics and level of difficulty that is MOST APPROPRIATE.
:)

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-Umi Shakirah Mohd Arshad 1723298
-suraiya matardam 1529964
-nur aqilah najihah bt md salim 1720384
Question:
Is it necessary to determine how many questions for LOT and how many questions for HOT in one topic?
answer:
All depends on you as the teacher. TOS has nothing to do with how many you, the teacher wants. Remember, TOS  do not decide. it is merely a TOOL. only human beings (teacher) decide. How to decide?  then depends on many factors that is happening in your class as a school teacher. Hope you can understand this better. **surely for a 'better able' class, a teacher can decide to have MORE challenging questions, and vice versa.

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NUR LIYANA BT HASHIM (1728970)
FARIHA AZNERA BT MOHAMAD AMIN (1725750)
Question:
Usually in a test, there are specific types of test being asked. For example like MCQ, Subjective and Essay. Is there any limitations if teachers want to include multiple/difference types of test in examination questions? Does a huge number of types of test somehow affect the quality of the test?
answer:
next topic we will cover 'different types of test'. The TOS assignment you made was specifically for MCQ. For Essays, there are different format of TOS. It is recommended for a typical classroom test to have both MCQ type and Essay types. (it wont affect overal quality of test having both types).

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NURUL 'ALIA BT MOHD ZAWAWI (1720552)
IZZAH HAYATI BT ISHAK (1725344)
Question:
How can we ensure that our tests or assessments provide accurate feedback?
answer:
not too sure what you mean by "accurate feedback".
anyway, if, let say if teachers has successfully done the TOS correctly and accurately. Then the RESULTS will be a TEST with questions that are GOOD and with QUALITY.
If this happen, then the RESULTS of the TEST should be good  too (reliable&valid).
Next topic- we will turn to building questions(test items)

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Muhammad Shazani Bin Hanapi (1718577)
Syafiq Izhar Bin Shaharudin (1718735)
Questions:
How can table of specification enhance the reliability and validity of good result?
answer:
TOS is a BLUEPRINT or a tool to help teachers BUILD test.
TOS cannot determine if students answer well or even if students will do/perform well in class. You need to really understand this difference.
Since you as teacher decide:
i.topics covered
ii.number of items asked
iii.level of difficulty of the questions
surely NOW you can see that you are ACTUALLY wanting to MEASURE/ASSESS the relevant content right? so that in itself is VALIDITY (hope you not forgotten)

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Mohd Faris bin Mohd Lukman (1723985)
Muhammad Hanif bin Rubaine
(1729719)
Questions:
1. Is there any difference between credit hours and contact hours.
2. Can we just easily adjust the credit hours per subtopic to make the total number of items tally? Because this is the problem that we faced when we are calculating the total  number of items.
3. What are others usage of table of specification, can we use it outside the education field?
answer:
have i not CLARIFIED in whatsapp group about the ISSUE OF ROUNDING OFF?
your problem in #2 will not EXIST if you are able to ROUND OFF. NO matter how many hours you put in subtopics, final items will not be affected - you just need to be aware to ROUND OFF.

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Nurul Farhanis Bt. Aznan (1722832)
Robiatul Adawiyah bt M Hairil Anuar (1720334)
Question:
Does a teacher need to identify and count the number of items that need to be used (the provision of questions for each objective)? Is it possible to determine randomly the total  number of the questions for each item and for the whole subject without the need for detailed calculations (like ratios and so on)?
answer:
TOS is a very systematic way to make sure Content Validity is achieved. Please refer to my response/answer to SG16. If no exact calculation, then total items will not REFLECT the various subtopic TOGETHER with the WEIGHTAGE. This is crucial!

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SG 16
Nur Hannani Bt Mansor (1721238)
Siti hajar zumirah (1726686)
Question:
In planning to make questions in tos, is there any importance to put the different or same number of questions in H.O.T and L.O.T for every subject? Or its better to put the different number of questions of LOT and HOT according the content of the subject itself.
For example: If the content is quite simple so the teachers may put more questions on H.O.T.
answer:
YES, you got it correct.
the simple rule is:
1) HARDER TOPIC -> more time spend -> more questions asked
2) EASY TOPIC - > less time spend teaching it -> less questions asked in class. (most assessment already done inside the class - discussion, groupwork, quiz, etc)

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Fatin Natasha bt Ramlan (1723278)
Nur Hafini bt Hussin (1715894)

Question:
Why we do not standardize the number of H.O.T and L.O.T test as by doing this I think we can measure the thinking or the intelligence of ordinary student accordingly?
answer:
it is UP TO THE TEACHER to DECIDE. you want it to be the SAME NUMBER OF ITEMS (ie 10items LOT and 10 items HOT) is ok. There is no FIX RULE on number of items regarding this issue. Decision is on the TEACHER because only the teacher KNOWS the students. AGAIN-TOS IS ONLY BLUeprInt

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Faten Nabila Binti Asmadi (1723372)
Amiratul Hasanah Bt Amir Hasland (1725144)

Question:
How to know whether the goals of the table of specification done by teacher has been achieved or not?

answer:
once a TOS has been done accurately and completed, the next stage is to BUILD (write) the questions. so we will know the GOALS are achieved if we produced a "good and relevant test" based on results of students taking the test.

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Nur Fatehah Syahzanani 1723936
Nurul Husna Ismut
1728490

Question :
How effective TOS can help the teachers to complete their teaching syllabus in class for examination?
answer:
TOS do not determine speed of how fast a teacher can finish sylabus.
only teacher determine how fast he or she can teach a topic. NOT a TOS. Remember: TOS is a BLUEPRINT of a building a TEST.
let say you have a BLUEPRINT of a car, the car blueprint DO NOT DETERMINE speed of car. The CarDriver (with his ability) determines the speed of the car when driven. Hope you get this k?

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Balqis Yuhanis bt Buhari (1726840)
Ain Afiah bt Ma'min (1720068)
Question:
what kind of question that can describe the difference of L.O.T and H.O.T and how it can measure the understanding of the student?
answer:
nice one.
we will focus on just this issue/topic next week under the "types of test items" (selected versus constructed response items). I will defer explaining it here.
But as a preview:
you tell me -  what kind of questions (level of cognitive complexity) are these 2 example questions:-

1. What is the name of this technology tool you are using now?
2. Describe and explain in detail the programming language  used for this tool (Python language) in not less than 200 words.
Now you tell me: which question you think is LOT and which question is at HOT?

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Farid Akmal bin Zulkifli
(1723943)
Hairul Nizam bin Hanasi
(1615433)

Question: how can the use of the table of specification benefit to our students, including those with special needs?

answer:
remember, specifically TOS is for the teachers who are building/creating Exam Questions. TOS is used to show evidence that in building the test, Content Validity is present or achieved. Thus for special students, there is no difference with other normal students. TOS has no direct EFFECT on students. Just that, by using TOS correctly, the distribution of questions would be fair and appropriate  to ALL students in general.

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Siti Nurfatihah bt Ab Ghani (1723404)
Tengku Hannah bt Tengku Abd Rashid
(1720224)

Question:
It is relevance for the teachers to use table of specification (TOS) to make classroom test for special education students?

answer: TOS usually have either 2 or 3 categories for LOT and HOT (High order thinking skills questions). Thus when we already have LOT (low order), that in itself can cater for the 'weaker'/'slower' students. So in my opinion, you as a teacher can use this LOT section (pool of questions) to ask relevant and easier questions to special needs students.

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Ahmad 'Afif Hakimi bin Azman (1728799)
Mohd Za'im AlThaqif bin Mat Rahimi (1726899)

Question: Why are the items have to  related with the credit hours of the subtopics?

answer: Not sure you referring to TOS or whole course as required by the University. But for TOS, it is not credit hours BUT length of time students are taught. In other words, how long the teacher teaches the topic - in terms of hours or in terms of periods in school. This need to be done due to hours relate to WEIGHTAGE. more weightage means more important the topic is. Thus it is logical for a difficult topic or important topic, more questions will be asked.

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Nur Abidah binti Murat (1629288)
Nur Ssoleha binti Hasan Basri (1717542)

Question 1: If a teacher doesn't use TOS for building a test, is there any possibility that the test could achieve the objectives?

answer:
TOS are required because it ENSURES Content Validity of the whole test. If TOS is not done, most probably teacher will just pick and choose previous questions or just take randomly from any textbooks or other references. So definitely doing TOS is recommended. But in reality, there are few situations where teachers do not do TOS (which is unfortunate).

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SG 7: Rabiatul Sufiah binti Noordin 1723902
Fazliyana Athira binti Ishak 1718894

What is the importance of TOS in teaching?

answer:
Hope you did read/watch the materials i posted in the "attached resources". All the rationale and the importance of TOS are there.
(Again- TOS ensures Content Validity!)

Also, check my answer to Group SG12. my answer should also answer your query/question.