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Once Mahatma Gandhi  said, “Earth provides enough to satisfy every man's needs, but not every man's greed.” However, for many centuries, human beings have been exploiting the Earth’s many natural resources. With the depleting resources and natural energy, and the ill-effects of carbon emissions, we are now facing the detrimental effects of our actions. In India, in the past and the present, social activists have fought to preserve and restore Mother Nature through environmental and social movements reminding the world of the importance of preserving our Pale Blue Dot(Earth), and raised their voices to highlight environmental concerns.

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The terms ‘green movement’ ,green politics or ‘conservation movement’ are alternatively used to denote the environmental movement. The green politics or green movement or environmental movement can be defined as a social movement for the conservation of the environment or for the improvement of the state policy especially inclined towards the environment.

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REASON WHICH LED TO THE EMERGENCE OF ENVIRONMENTAL MOVEMENTS IN INDIA TO SAVE TREES :

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REASON WHICH LED TO THE EMERGENCE OF ENVIRONMENTAL MOVEMENTS IN INDIA TO SAVE TREES :

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Major reasons of the emergence of environmental movements in India include
i) control over natural resources,
ii) false developmental policies of the government, iii) social economic reasons,
iv) environmental degradation/ destruction and
v) spread of environmental awareness and media .
These movements often stress the protection perseverance of the environment .

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Here, are some of the environmental movements that have left a mark on our rich Indian history in chronological order  : 

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Here, are some of the environmental movements that have left a mark on our rich Indian history in chronological order  : 

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1. Bishnoi Movement

2. Chipko Movement

3. Save Silent Valley Movement

4. Navdanya Movement

5. Jungle Bachao Andolan

6. Appiko Movement

So let's know about them one by one.

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YEAR ~ Around 1970's

PLACE ~ Marwar region,   Khejarli district in Rajasthan

LEADERS ~ Amrita Devi along with Bishnoi villagers

AIM ~ Save trees from being cut down by the king’s soldiers for a new palace.

DESCRIPTION :

The sent soldiers to Bishnoi villages to cut down khejari trees growing in the area. When soldiers applied the axe, the Bishnoi villagers pleaded to spare the trees., When the soldiers did not relent, they hugged the trees and as many as 363 of them laid down their lives to save the trees.

FACTS :

Amrita Devi who refused to let the king's men cut down the trees in her  village , was beheaded for this act.

Bishnois were renowned as the " India's first environmentalists ".

Guru Maharaj Jambali(founder of bishnoi sect) made 29 rules including saving the trees which was later followed by Bishnois.

When the  King knew that what was going in his Bishnoi's village he himself went and apologised to Bishnoi villagers.

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Conserving Nature - The Bishnoi Way of Life

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YEAR ~ 1973

PLACE ~ Charmoli distict of Uttarakhand

LEADERS ~  Sundarlal Bahuguna, Gaura Devi, Sudesha Devi, Bachni Devi, Chandi Prasad Bhatt, Govind Singh Rawat etc.

AIM ~ To protect the trees on the Himalayan slopes from the axes of forest contractors.

DESCRIPTION :

The word 'chipko' means 'embrace' in hindi , as the villagers hugged the trees that prevented the loggers from cutting them. It invokes the idea that the lives of human beings are attached to nature. Killing nature is tantamount to taking away the lives of human beings.

FACTS :

Chipko movement was inspired by Bishnoi movement.

Sunderlal Bahuguna spent his whole life persuading and educating the villagers about the importance of trees,,telling them how to prevent soil erosion and benefits of rain and as well as to protest against the destruction of the forests and Himalayan mountains.

In this movement, mainly women took part rather than the men.

This movement garnered publicity in 1978 when few women had to face police brutalities.

.The strategy of ‘embracing’ the trees to resist the felling of the trees was thought of by Chandi Prasad Bhatt.

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YEAR ~ 1973

PLACE ~ Silent Valley, an evergreen tropical forest in the Palakkad district of Kerala

LEADERS ~The Kerala Sastra Sahitya Parishad (KSSP) and an NGO led by school teachers, and the poet-activist Sugathakumari

AIM ~ In order to protect the Silent Valley, the moist evergreen forest from being destroyed for a hydroelectric project.

DESCRIPTION :

This movement intended to protect Silent Valley, evergreen forest for a hydroelectric project. Several NGOs strongly opposed the project and urged the government to abandon it. In January 1981, bowing to unrelenting public pressure, Indira Gandhi declared that Silent Valley will be protected.

FACTS :

This movement was first started by Kerala Sastra Sahithya Parishad in 1973.

The people’s movement to prevent the Silent Valley project was the first significant milestone in Indian environmental history that brought national and international attention.

The poet activist  Sugathakumari poem "Marathinu Stuthi"became a symbol for the protest and was the opening song/prayer of the "save the silent valley" campaign meetings.

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YEAR ~ 1978

PLACE ~ Karnataka

LEADERS ~  Vandana Shiva

AIM ~ Mainly to save seeds

DESCRIPTION :

Navdanya movement is an Indian non-governmental organisation which promotes biodiversity Conservation , organic farming, the rights of farmers, and the process of seed saving.

FACTS :

Navdanya has helped set up 54 community seed banks across the country.

It has  trained over 500,000 farmers in "food sovereignty" and sustainable agriculture over the past two decades.

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YEAR ~ 1982

PLACE ~ Singhbhum district of Jharkhand

LEADERS ~ Birsa Munda

AIM ~ Against governments decision to replace the natural sal forest with Teak.

DESCRIPTION :

The Jungle Bachao Andolan took shape in the early 1980s when the government proposed to replace the natural sal forest.

FACTS :

The Jungle Andolan survived till 1978 to 1983 and 18 people of Jungle Andolan were killed, hundreds people got injured.

So after the movement Rajiv Gandhi declared it as the national park and the safe forest.

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YEAR ~ 1983
PLACE ~ Uttara Kannada and Shimoga districts  of Karnataka State
LEADER ~ Pandurang Hegde
AIM ~Against the felling and commercialization of natural forest and the ruin of ancient livelihood.

DESCRIPTION :

The Appiko Movement is struggling to save the remaining tropical forests in the Western Ghats.

FACTS :

Appiko Movement can be said as a southern vesion of Chipko movement.

the movement had a ripple effect not only in Karnataka but also in parts of Kerala and Tamil Nadu.

The objective of the Appiko Movement is three-fold—to protect the existing forest cover, to grow trees in denuded lands and, last to utilize forest wealth with due consideration to conservation.

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By : Group A
Team members :
Aditya Kumar ( Leader )
Aakriti Aggarwal
Abhay
Aaditya Chaudhary
Ansh
Darsh
Aryan