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This extract is situated during the attendance of Ophelia's death. Where his counterparts were unaware of his presence at the funeral, this moment encompasses Hamlet's first appearance since being sent to England, as he startlingly emerges before them.

Within this extract, Shakespeare illustrates the convoluted conflict between Hamlet and Laertes over Ophelia's death. This is made transparent through the stage directions which depict the escalation of physical violence within the scene with Hamlet 'advancing' and Laertes 'coming out of the grave'. The threatening nature created through these actions allows for the unpredictability and volatile relationship between the dramatic foils to build and in turn the dramatic tension to rise. This notion is further reinforced as Hamlet proclaims 'woo't weep, woo't fight, woo't fast, woo't tear thyself' which demonstrates his challenging nature in an attempt to provoke Laertes. The repetition of 'woo't' allows for additional emphasis to be placed on the 't' sound, which achieves a bitter and condescending tone. The use of repetition also increases the pace of the text creating an overwhelming effect as Hamlet attempts to prove his dominance over his counterpart. The fact both characters engage in a dispute during this scene, during the context of Ophelia's funeral, whom is a significant and influential female figure in both their lives, suggests that to them their male bravado and attempt to emasculate one another is of paramount importance over honouring her death. This is thus effective in communicating the wider theme of the play of the maltreatment of women... (haven't finished)

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Hamlet's struggle to understand and communicate his emotions is portrayed in this extract through Shakespeare's focus on the stage directions of physical action. Earlier in the play, we see Hamlet speak in longer speeches and soliloquies. In Act 5, however,  Hamlet does not have a major soliloquy and speaks in smaller bursts of dialogue.  As soon as Laertes begins to grieve for his sister Hamlet begins 'advancing' toward him. He feels compelled to do something due to the conflicting emotions of sadness about the death of Ophelia and the jealousy he feels due to Laertes' ability to express his feelings. Because he cannot express himself using words, Hamlet must express his feelings in this physical way.

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Shakespeare displays Hamlet's changing identity throughout the play alongside his antic disposition through the use of language. In this extract, Hamlet is experiencing the loss of his love Ophelia once he receives his news his language changes from long, complex sentences to simple and direct language. Hamlet says 'this is I, Hamlet the Dane', this declaration represents that the true Hamlet has returned and the antic disposition has been left behind. This direct language has an influence on the audience as this is a stark change from his usual dialect, mirroring the change in his disposition. Furthermore, within the passage Hamlet is certain of his actions and words, which goes his character of being indecisive. The phrase 'I loved Ophelia' contrasts Hamlet's disposition in the previous acts as it is simple and honest, this is shown by the shortness of the statement.

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The dramatic verbal and physical conflict in act 5 scene 1 between Hamlet and Laertes is evident through the language used in the dialogue between the two characters. In the beginning, when Laertes is showing his grief for Ophelia's death, he jumps in her grave and asks them to bury him with her, "Till of this flat a mountain you have made"  This is followed up by Hamlet then saying that, "forty thousand brothers could not with all their quantity of love make up my sum.", which again is an exaggeration but also creates a greater divide between Laertes and Hamlet, due to Hamlet reference to the idea that his love extends far further than family ever could, seen in the use of, "forty thousand" in his exclamation. The fact that both exaggerations become more frequent and progress throughout the scene creates a greater sense of competition, and produces the idea that they are perpetually trying to outdo each other. Their dialogue is back and forth, and very frenetic, creating a tense and unpredictable atmosphere in the audience which later comes to fruition in the scene after.

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Introduction for act 5 scene 1 commentary

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Introduction for act 5 scene 1 commentary

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This extract sees the first encounter both the audience and characters have with Hamlet, following his return from England. Through structure, language and stage directions, Shakespeare explores the conflicting affection between Hamlet and Laertes, Hamlets anagnorisis, and the strong sense of Ophelia's separation from Claudius, and the dramatic effects this may have on the audience.

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Conflict between Gertrude and Claudius Act 5.1

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Conflict between Gertrude and Claudius Act 5.1

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Within this extract there is an evident divide between Gertrude and Claudius caused by Hamlet's madness. We see the queen supporting Hamlet and defending him when the others claim his insanity, 'For the love of God, forbear him.' Contrasting this is Claudius' opinions on the matter is the opposite, 'O he is mad Laertes!' The King is siding with Laertes, and claiming madness over Hamlet.
Gertrude understands Hamlets actions are justified due to their conversation prior to his departure to England and she admits to his, ' mere madness' But in response to this she suggests that, 'the fit will work on him' this further shows her support and sympathetic nature towards Hamlet.