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Beginning of the first crusade: (August 15, 1096) 

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Beginning of the first crusade: (August 15, 1096) 

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four armies of Crusaders had been formed from troops of various Western European areas, led through Raymond of Saint-Gilles, Godfrey of Bouillon, Hugh of Vermandois and Bohemond of Taranto (along with his nephew Tancred). those groups departed for Byzantium in August 1096.

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A less prepared band of knights and commoners referred to as the “people’s crusade” set off earlier than the others beneath the command of a famous preacher called Peter the Hermit.

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Ignoring Alexius’ recommendation to wait for the rest of the Crusaders, Peter’s army crossed the Bosporus in early August. within the first main conflict between the Crusaders and Muslims, Turkish forces crushed the invading Europeans at Cibotus.

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While the four major armies of Crusaders arrived in Constantinople, Alexius insisted that their leaders swear an oath of loyalty to him and recognize his authority over any land regained from the Turks, in addition to some other territory they may overcome. All but Bohemond resisted taking the oath.

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Crusaders arrive at Nicaea, Kilij Arslan is absent, fighting Danishmend. Nicaea surrenders to Byzantium. Crusaders head into Asia Minor. Turks below Kilij Arslan unsuccessfully assault the crusaders at Dorlyaeum.

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Regardless of deteriorating family members among the Crusaders and Byzantine leaders, the mixed force continued its march through Anatolia, capturing the fantastic Syrian city of Antioch in June 1098.

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After numerous internal struggles over control of Antioch, the Crusaders started their march in the direction of Jerusalem, then occupied through Egyptian Fatimids (who as Shi’ite Muslims were enemies of the Sunni Seljuks).

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Encamping before Jerusalem in June 1099, the Christians pressured the besieged town’s governor to give up by mid-July.

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No matter Tancred’s promise of safety, the Crusaders slaughtered hundreds of men, women, and children of their successful entrance into Jerusalem.

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The crusaders conquered Jerusalem and forced Jews and Muslims to convert to christianity, leave the city or die. There was some positive impacts like, introduced new ideas into Western Europe, new inventions, more people were educated, and increased trade. There were also some negative impacts like, weakened the pope and Byzantine Empire, and created bitterness between Christians, Jews and Muslims.