# data[].attributes.body
End of the civil war

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Created in Tennessee

Goal: to intimidate former slaves and white republicans

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Defines citizenship

Equal protection clause

Incorporation clause

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Tenure of office act

President cannot fire member of cabinet without consulting congress

Johnson vetos, congress overrides

Tried to fire Stanton

Is impeached but misses being kicked out of office by 1 vote

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1869  - Transcontinental Railroad completed

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1869  - Transcontinental Railroad completed

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Impact:

Faster and more practical means of transportation.

Lowered costs of production

Created national markets (time zones)

Stimulated other industry

Disrupted Native Americans (again!)

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4 factors that lead to the end of reconstruction:

Corruption

Economy

Violence

Democrats return to power

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1892 - Ellis Island opens as immigration center

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1892 - Ellis Island opens as immigration center

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legalized the policy of Separate but Equal

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War lasts about 90 days.  “A splendid little war” J. Hay

2,500 American KIA (most death are due to illness and disease)

Rise of Teddy Roosevelt

Outcome:

Acquisition of land

Cuba (Guantanamo Bay / GITMO)

Philippines (Subic Bay / Manilla Bay)

Annex Hawaii (1898) (Pearl Harbor)

Puerto Rico and Guam

America becomes a global superpower

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rise of the Progressives:

from all walks of life and backgrounds

looking to curb the power of wealthy interests

shift power back to the people

wanted a more efficient government that was less corrupt

Political Reforms

Direct Primaries

Ballot Initiatives

Referendums

Recall Elections

Constitutional Reforms:

16th - Allows federal government to collect income taxes

17th - gives voters power to elect senators, term is 6 years, two senators for each state, one vote in senate per senator

18th - prohibition of alcohol

19th - all genders have a right to vote

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sworn in after McKinley is assassinated

major proponent of American expansion and power overseas.

implemented a foreign policy “Big Stick” diplomacy

a very forceful type of diplomacy utilizing the military, specifically the Navy to press American interests overseas

Looked for America to take a leading role around the world

Instrumental in the United States completing the Panama Canal

U.S. recognized an independent Panama (from colombia)

protected them

Panama gave us the Canal zone

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Started by W.E.B. Dubios

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will become popular after war time

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1909 - William Howard Taft becomes President

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1909 - William Howard Taft becomes President

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Dollar Diplomacy: throwing money at a situation to advance American interests

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focused on tariff reduction and the expansion of American goods overseas.

continued fight against business trusts and monopolies, as started by TR and Taft.

Federal Reserve Act, establishing the Federal Reserve system

a series of banks across the country

became known as “bankers’ banks.”

in place to back up local banks in case of economic instability

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1914 - Archduke Franz Ferdinand assassinated

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1914 - Archduke Franz Ferdinand assassinated

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Machine Guns

Air Power

Tanks

Poison Gas

Trench Warfare

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German submarines torpedoed the passenger liner, killing over 1900 passengers, including 128 Americans

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America has tried to stay out of the war to not upset the economy

Germany sinks four of our ships

Zimmerman telegram is intercepted

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1917 - the first of 14,000 American troops arrive in France

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1917 - the first of 14,000 American troops arrive in France

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Nov 11 1918 - Armistice and End of fighting 

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Nov 11 1918 - Armistice and End of fighting 

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a formal agreement of warring parties to stop fighting. It is not necessarily the end of a war, as it may constitute only a cessation of hostilities while an attempt is made to negotiate a lasting peace

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1918 - Wilson delivers 14 points to congress

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1918 - Wilson delivers 14 points to congress

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1919 - Treaty of Versailles and End of WW1

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1919 - Treaty of Versailles and End of WW1

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George / UK

Wilson / U.S.

Orlando / Italy

Clemenceau / France

Create peace treaty and restrictions for Germany

Germany does not have Representative in attendance

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8.5 million men killed in battle

Many civilians killed as well

Set table for WW2

Germany was made to take responsibility

Loss of property around the world

Very limited army and navy

$33 Billion in reparations

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1920 - Peacetime economy and Roaring 20s

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1920 - Peacetime economy and Roaring 20s

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consumer driven society

Laissez-faire (hands off) regulations

able to buy on credit and installment buying

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Mass Production “Feed the Machine”

Job Growth (for all)

Movement of People

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even though it was a time a of prohibition, people partied and drank at speakeasies

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1922 - Benito Mussolini named Prime Minister in Italy 

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1922 - Benito Mussolini named Prime Minister in Italy 

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Revolutionary Fascist Party

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1924 - Joseph Stalin comes to power in Soviet Union following the death of Lenin

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1924 - Joseph Stalin comes to power in Soviet Union following the death of Lenin

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unchecked stock market rise

Everyone wanted to invest and thought they could be rich.

Inequality of wealth - The rich were getting richer. Too few people controlled vast amounts of wealth.

Too many people buying on credit.

The economy was beginning to contract and slows

Global economy slowing. Drought takes over American farms

banks foreclosed over farms

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stock market crash

banks run out of money

heavy investors lost everything

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believes the Depression is more of an issue for state and local governments

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severe economic shutdown

huge amount of job losses

soup kitchens

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wanted aid for the poor

felt the federal government should take the lead

The New Deal was FDR’s program to bring the United States out of the Great Depression

First 100 Days

Public Works Programs

Financial Reforms and Regulations

Bank Holidays / FDIC

Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)

Court Packing Scheme
Fireside Chats

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1933 - Hitler's Party (Nazi) gains power

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1933 - Hitler's Party (Nazi) gains power

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Forms alliance with Mussolini

Hitler grows in popularity

Preaches a new German identity. Preached Anti-Semitism.

Puts the German people back to work rebuilding the German military

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repeals 18th amendment

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established a system of old-age benefits for workers, benefits for victims of industrial accidents, unemployment insurance, aid for dependent mothers and children, the blind, and the physically handicapped

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1937 - Japan wants to be global power and invades China 

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1937 - Japan wants to be global power and invades China 

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Emperor Hirohito is figurehead as Tojo directs military to expand into Southeast Asia

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Hitler meets with British PM Chamberlain to reach appeasement

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1939 - Germany Signs Non-Aggression Pact with Soviets

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1939 - Germany Signs Non-Aggression Pact with Soviets

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Sept. 3, 1939 - Britain and France declare War on Germany

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Sept. 3, 1939 - Britain and France declare War on Germany

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June 4, 1940 - British army trapped on beaches of Dunkirk Germany

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June 4, 1940 - British army trapped on beaches of Dunkirk Germany

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1940 - Tripartite Pact: Germany, Italy, and Japan

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1940 - Tripartite Pact: Germany, Italy, and Japan

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created a defense alliance between the countries

intended to deter the United States from entering the conflict

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1940 - Winston Churchill replaces Chamberlain as British Prime Minister

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1940 - Winston Churchill replaces Chamberlain as British Prime Minister

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Dec. 7, 1941 - Japan bypasses the Philippines and attacks American fleet at Pearl Harbor

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Dec. 7, 1941 - Japan bypasses the Philippines and attacks American fleet at Pearl Harbor

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America remained our of the war up until this point, other than providing some financial aid for England

American losses:

5 battleships

3 cruisers

2400 KIA

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Dec 8, 1941 - United States declares war on Japan

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Dec 8, 1941 - United States declares war on Japan

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Germany and Italy declare war on the United States

Japan turns to Philippines

Germany breaks non aggression act with soviets and invades soviet Union

United States Mobilizes for war

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provided a centralized plan of action to rid the continent of its Jewish population

Final Solution - to send Jewish people to ghettos and camps in Poland, and subsequently exterminate them

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Feb 1942 - American government executive order 9066

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Feb 1942 - American government executive order 9066

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internment of Japanese-Americans

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planned and led by Lt. Col. James Doolittle

objective: to move our aircraft carriers containing bombers, closer to Japan

provided morale boost for America at home

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United States Navy defeated a Japanese attack

damage Japanese fleet

turning point in the war in the Pacific theatre

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first major offensive and a decisive victory for the Allies in the Pacific theater

Japanese troops stationed in this section of the Solomon Islands

U.S. marines launched a surprise attack

took control of an air base under construction

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research and development to produce nuclear weapons

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American military movement into of French Morocco and Algeria

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land on mainland Italy

Italy surrenders and declares war on Germany to join the Allied forces

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Start of Cold war