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My project is about Eroupe but a thing about Europe like a castle if you want to know more about a castle that is protected from attacks keep on reading. I chose this because I wanted to know more about erpe because allI knoe that it's a place.I decided to focus on the Castle Of Vincennes Near Paris but it is an old europe castle so I used that castle.  Louis VII of France constructed the castle in 1150 for a or as a hunting lodge in the forest. It was important to the kings because it was a moat and a key sign for the kings of France as early as the 12th century. It is also protected from forgien attacks and monocacy from  popular uprisings. We have not learned about Europe and certainly not about their castle, but I wanted to learn so I chose Europe and picked a castle. You learned about the Castle of Vincennes with me because I have never studied europe. But I would love to here the story about europe Love history but not every thing about it. Last things you should know is that it was originally a fortress was built ancestry later with a donjin. Also it was the biggest fortress in all the way to 1410 52 meters 1200 meters long, lined with 9 rows, also 42 meters high. Withught this building how would they protect themselves from attacks, I think this was a great building.

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The achievement, invention/civilization I chose was the ka’aba. I choose this because as a Muslim I thought it would be fun to do something from my own religion, Islam which not many people in our school are. The prophet Abraham/Ibrahim (pronounced Ibrahim in Islam not Abraham) and his son Ismail build the ka’aba in 2000 BCE which was pre-Islamic times. It was built in the center of the great mosque in Mecca. The first reason why the ka’aba is important is because for it is Islam’s most sacred place and people before even if they were in a violent state, if they came to the ka’aba they would be so peaceful. Another reason is because it is the bayt of Allah or the “household” of Allah. Another reason is that Muslims pray in the direction of the ka’aba not to worship it but to believe in Allah and only Allah and to be thankful towards him. I have heard about the ka’aba because I am muslim so I was thought about it when I was really little around 4-5 years old. I feel really proud to know about the most wholesome and holy thing/place for Muslims and for myself. There is more to Islam them the ka’aba but the ka’aba helps bring peace which is all we should want. The ka’aba or Islam also can easily be skipped over especially in America or school when the majority of the student or even just people/staff are not Muslim or do not believe in Islam. In conclusion just by one building/shine, the ka’aba shows how peaceful, genuine and amazing this religion is.

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Let’s trace back to ancient times, before vaccines were a thing. Ever wonder how they came to be? It all started from inoculation.
We chose to focus on this topic because we thought it was interesting how far we’ve come with technology through vaccines and such.
The chinese invented it in China, sometimes before 200 B.C.
It was important because it helped lead scientists and healthcare workers to modern-day vaccinations.
It was also important because they were able to get rid of smallpox and other horrible diseases.
An interesting fact about inoculation is that back then they would insert the scab of an infected person and treat them, but now, we still use the same method, just with a vaccine instead.
In conclusion, without this invention there might still be mass diseases like smallpox and we might not know how to treat, prevent or cure them.

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My chosen project is one of the famous arc bridge built by Zhaozhou Bridge in Hebei Province. Also known as Anji Bridge. It's also known as the oldest arc bridge in China.Built during Sui-Dynasty ( 581-618 ). It was led by master architect Li Chunchu. It is 167 feet long, 31 feet wide, and the bridge's main arc spans 123 feet. It's shape is pleasing to the eyes, and construction is incredibly solid. It was remained solid for 14 centuries. In the early 1950s, Mao Yisheng, a 20th century bridge expert, tested the bridge's load -bearing capacity. He found that Zhaozhou Bridge can bear as much as eight tons, a capacity seldom needed in ancient times.

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My project is about the Kaaba that is located in Mecca Saudi Arabia where Muslims go every year to pray. I chose this project because it was really interesting and I got this idea because it’s ramadan and I thought it would be fun to match. The first person who made the Kaaba was prophet Ibrahim and his son Ismail in 608 CE and as I said before in Mecca (Saudi Arabia). This invention was important to the muslims to worship their god (ALLAH). Another reason the kaaba is an important invention is because that is where the muslims go to hajj every year and ask for forgiveness for all the bad stuff they did in the world. This invention is still here today and people still visit it. As said before this represends muslims all around the world it doesn’t matter there color or there country or background it matters that they are muslim. I first got to know about Mecca and the muslim story by both my dad and mom once they have been telling me the story of muslim people since I was 2 years old I asked them really cute questions and they still tell me how the Muslims suffered and brought us to this point when I was first told this story I had completely no idea what was going on but as I grew older I started to understand everything. This is why I chose this project and talk about muslims and why the Kaaba is so important to them.

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Samurai training areas lets samurais train, fight, and become stronger. Bert Bower and Jim Lobdell say that “As you learned in Chapter 21, in 1185 Minamoto Yoritomo came to power in Japan. In 1192, he took the title of shogun, or commander-in-chief. Yoritomo did not take the place of the emperor. Instead, he set up a military government with its own capital in the city of Kamakura. While the imperial court remained in Heian-kyo, emperors played a less and less important role in governing Japan. The start of the Kamakura government marked the beginning of a new era in Japanese history. Increasingly, professional warriors—samurai—became Japan's ruling class.” This quote means that Minamoto Yoritomo started a new start of Japan history about the samurai warriors.This quote is saying that Minamoto Yoritomo started the idea of samurai warriors in the city of Kamakura. Chris Graf says that “When I was 7, I started training at a samurai school. By the time I was 10, I spent 12 hours a day in school. There is an ancient Japanese saying, bun bu ryo do ("the pen and the sword in accord"), which means we must live our lives in balance. So we spend time learning to read and write as well as learning to fight. We learn to shoot arrows from horseback, wrestle, swordfight, and defend ourselves from attack. We must never appear weak or afraid.We also study art and history, learn to play a bamboo flute, write poetry, and learn calligraphy (the art of beautiful handwriting). We are taught respect, manners, and self-discipline.” This quote means that Samurai school was for fight training. This was used to defend other people or themselves from people trying to attack them. They also thought they could teach them more than fighting so they added in other things to teach them like writing, history, art, and more.This quote is worth mentioning because samurai school was training for fights with weapons, but they also taught life skills to them which is also very important. Bert Bower and Jim Lobdell states “Young samurai were apprenticed to archery masters who taught them mental and physical techniques. Samurai practiced until they could shoot accurately without thinking.They also learned to breathe properly and to shoot at their enemies while riding on the back of a galloping horse. The art of fencing, or swordsmanship, was just as demanding. A samurai had to learn how to force an enemy to make the first move, how to stay out of range of an enemy sword, and how to fight in tight spaces or against more than one opponent. He practiced continually until he could fence well without thinking about it. Sometimes in battle a samurai might lose or break his sword. Samurai learned to continue the fight by using other objects as weapons, such as metal fans or wooden staffs. They also learned how to fight without weapons by using martial arts. This type of fighting often involves using an opponent's strength against him.”This quote shows that they taught samurais many things that would help them in battle like how to shoot with a bow well, how to shoot their enemies while riding a house, and they also taught samurais how to fight their enemies when their sword breaks.This is worth mentioning because they taught samurais many things so they won't die in

battle easily. These training places helped the samurais improve in battle. Without a doubt
samurai training areas lets samurais train, fight, and become stronger.

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I focused on the Chinese invention of dome bridges. It was chosen as my topic because I thought it’d be kind of easy to build considering wood in Minecraft has a lot of variety, then I realized they’re made of stone, but that’s another problem for now. This invention was invented in the 600 CE, by an unknown Chinese inventor. (I just realized they’re called arch bridges……) This invention is important as it allowed very long distances of bridges to be built. Therefore crossing long distances of land/water/whatever to be crossed that wasn’t possible before. You can also literally tell it’s very important since it’s still a strategy we use to build bridges today, if it weren’t, this strategy of building would’ve been out-dated centuries ago. I’ve actually seen the type of bridge before, (honestly who hasn’t) since arch bridges are a common build. I mean I learned in the textbook that even the first bridge built from this strategy was 123 ft, which the first, com’on it’s kinda amazing. Without this invention mid-century European stained-glass castles and arched buildings wouldn’t exist, since no one thought of it; and bridge building may be still very difficult even today without the thought.

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Pope Leo III was an important person since he was very smart to make many decisions. Such as crown Charlamagne so he could protect him since he was hated by many people. He also crowned Charlamagne to separate the Franks and Lombards since they were very powerful and they couldn’t survive an attack by them so they could have an advantage since they were not together anymore. Later in time he ruled the Papal States. The empire lasted for a while since the idea was politically and religiously appealing to the rulers of Europe. As you can see now, Pope Leo III was an important person.

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my project is focusing on Mansa Musa  in 1312 mansa musa became the leader or mali he was rich and powerful and always had gold on. his net worth was 400 billion dollars . they say they dont know his death date .mansa musa was leader .for the rest of the information you can watch the video

down here

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15 Things You Didn't Know About Mansa Musa

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My project is focusing on the instruments in Inca. The project I’m doing is the pan flute, I choose to make this because it looks easy to make. The people who invented the pan flute were created by the ancient Greeks. According to legend, this instrument was made by the shepherd god Pan( don’t know why it got to Inca). Pan flutes were some of the most important instruments in the Inca Empire, because the Incas believed that the soul of the animal is kept alive by playing music in religious ceremonies and dances. Something interesting readers should know about the pan flute is that it is made out of bamboo. In conclusion, without this invention, the world would never know that you can make flutes out of bamboo.

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Mansa Musa was an important ruler of Mali. Bower claims that “In 1312, a new leader.
Mansa Musa took over in Mali. He became the first West African ruler to practice Islam devoutly.” This quote means that in Mali 1312 a new leader, Mansa Musa, became the first devout Muslim in West Africa. Furthermore, this quote matters because it reveals that Mansa Musa was a ruler that helped Islam in Mali and inspired others. Bower says “Under his rule, Mali became a major crossroad of the Islamic world. Muslim merchants, traders, and scholars from Egypt and North Africa came to Mali to do business or to settle.” This quote shows that while Mansa Musa was ruling Mali, it became a popular crossroad of the Islamic world. In addition, Mansa Musa popularized Islam while he was ruling in Mali. Bower states “Musa's wealth impressed the people and rulers of Arabia. He paid in gold for all the goods and services he received. He also gave expensive gifts to his hosts.” This quote shows Musa generously shared plenty gold with many people. The citizens and rulers of Arabia thought that this was very impressive. Furthermore, this quote matters because he was know for his wealth. As you can now see, Mansa Musa is an important ruler of Mali.

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The Colosseum was an important place to the people of Rome. Bert Bower claims “The Romans used concrete to build tunnels into the famous stadium in Rome, the Colosseum. The tunnels made it easy for spectators to reach their seats. Modern football stadiums still use this feature.” This quote means that Romans made tunnels in the Colosseum so that people watching the battles there could get to their seats easily and that football stadiums today still use tunnels like these. This quote also shows that the Colosseum is important because its architecture has impacted structures today. Jennifer Stock says “The design of the Colosseum applied the latest developments in engineering and architecture. The recent invention of concrete enabled this massive building to be built quickly and efficiently. Liberal use of huge arches allowed architects to plan a structure of unprecedented size and proportion. The architects integrated the best of Roman design to build a structure that was as beautiful as it was practical.” This quote means the Colosseum was built using concrete, which was a new invention at the time, and used arches for its unprecedented size. This reveals that concrete let the Colosseum be built quicker and better than it otherwise would have been built. Encyclopedia Briticana says “The Colosseum is the giant amphitheater built in Rome under the Flavian emperors. Construction of the Colosseum was begun sometime between ad 70 and 72 during the reign of Vespasian. It is located just east of the Palatine Hill, on the grounds of what was Nero’s Golden House.” This quote means that the Colosseum is a huge amphitheater that the Flavian emperors had built. It was built sometime between 70 and 72 ad during Vespasian's reign. The Colosseum is located near the Palatine Hill and on the grounds of what used to be Nero's Golden House. This matters because it makes it clear exactly when and where the Colosseum was built
Encyclopedia Briticana states that “The Colosseum was the scene of thousands of hand-to-hand combats between gladiators, of contests between men and animals, and of many larger combats, including mock naval engagements.” This quote means that in the Colosseum's arena there were thousands of combat battles between gladiators, they fought against other people, animals, and larger combats like mock naval engagements. This matters because the colosseum was an arena in which people fought for the entertainment of viewers. As you can now see the Colosseum was a big part of Roman culture.

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For this history night, I decided to focus on ancient China’s paddle wheel boat. I chose this because the picture caught my eye and I wanted to build it in Minecraft. The paddlewheel boat was discovered by the Sung Dynasty during 190-1279. This invention was important because people in China often traveled in boats and with the paddlewheel, it sped up this sort of travel for them so they can get to their destination quicker. Another reason why this invention was important was because it served as a great military boat during warships. They were easily maneuvered which gave the Chinese a huge advantage.

In my personal experience, I never heard about the paddlewheel when we learned about the Chinese in previous years, this is my first time and this invention was actually pretty cool to learn about. An interesting fact is that they built twenty two of these ships before the people in China actually knew about them, and due to their unique design, they were one of Ancient China’s greatest and strongest secret weapon.

Without this invention, traveling speed would’ve been a lot slower and the Chinese might not have had much of an advantage during the wars they participated in with this ship.

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Constantine was an important ruler of the Roman Empire. Bert Bower says, "In 330 C.H., the emperor Constantine took a step that changed the future of Rome. He moved his capital 850 miles to the east, to the ancient city of Byzantium. He renamed the city New Rome. Later it was called Constantinople. (Today it is known as Istanbul, Turkey.)" This quote shows that the roman emperor Constantine moved Rome's capital to an ancient city called Byzantium and renamed it New Rome, but it was later changed to Constantinople. This quote is worth mentioning because it shows that Constantine was the person who founded Constantinople. According to Britannica School, "For five years Constantine was contented with ruling Gaul. Then he invaded Italy, making straight for Rome. Maxentius, the emperor of Rome, came out of the city with his army and met Constantine at the Milvian Bridge. Constantine swept the enemy into the Tiber River, and Maxentius was drowned. Constantine then entered Rome as sole master of the Western half of the empire. In 313 he issued the Edict of Milan, which gave the Christians the right to practice their religion openly.” This quote shows that Constantine successfully invaded Italy, killed the emperor of Rome, took the western part of his empire, and granted the Christians freedom to openly practice their religion. This is worth mentioning because it shows that Constantine did all of these things including giving Christians have the right to practice their religion. Britannica School says, "Constantine next moved his seat of government from Rome to the East. For his capital he chose the ancient Greek city of Byzantium on the Bosporus. He enlarged and enriched the city at enormous expense. In 330 it was dedicated as New Rome, but it was generally called Constantinople, “the city of Constantine.” The Eastern Roman, or Byzantine, Empire, with its capital at Constantinople (now Istanbul, Turkey) survived for more than 1,000 years. The new city also became the capital of Christianity in the East, while Rome dominated the religion in the West." This quote shows that Constantine used a lot of money to make the city of Constantinople larger and wealthier. He also made Christianity a lawful religion so the capital of Christianity became Constantinople. This quote matters because Constantine making the city of Constantinople larger and wealthier affected the people in it because, well the city was rich and big and the people probably liked that. He also affected the culture because he allowed people to have Christianity as their religion. As you can now see, Constantine was an important ruler of the Roman Empire.

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Mansa Musa was a ruler and the richest person ever. Bower Bert says that,  “In 1312, a new leader. Mansa Musa took over in Mali. He became the first West African ruler to practice Islam devoutly.” This quote shows what year Mansa Musa started being a ruler and how he practiced Islam devoutly. This quote is worth mentioning because it introduces Mansa Musa as a unique leader; he was devoutly into islam. Bert Bower says that, “Because of Musa's hajj, Mali gained acceptance as an important empire. By 1375, Mali appeared on a European map of West Africa.” This quote shows that Mansa Musa made a hajj that helped his empire to be acknowledged and shown in European maps. This quote supports my claim of Mansa Musa affecting Mali because it shows that by building his hajj, Mali became an important empire. Furthermore showing Mali in European maps of West Africa. Jennifer Stock says that, “Musa and his people spent vast quantities of gold in Cairo, giving gifts and enriching the local merchants. They spent so much money that they brought down the value of gold in the Egyptian economy.” This quote shows that he traded so much in Cairo they brought down the value of gold in the Egyptian economy. This quote supports my claim of Mansa Musa being an impressive leader because he and his people spent so much gold in cairo they brought down the value of gold. In addition to spending a lot of gold in Cairo they gave gold to people and made people rich. Clearly, Mansa Musa was a great leader and made Mali greater and more popular which attracted more traders and tourists.

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Name: Lise Kolin

Topic:  Medieval Japan: Horyu-ji

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Hōryū-ji was a Buddhist temple that was built in the time period of medieval

Japan. It was influenced by the Asuka period and various arts made by Buddhists and is now the world’s longest living wooden building.

Wikipedia states that “Hōryū-ji (法隆寺, Temple of the Flourishing

Dharma) is a Buddhist temple that was once one of the powerful Seven Great Temples,

in Ikaruga, Nara Prefecture, Japan.""A Buddhist temple, or Buddhist monastery is the place of worship for Buddhists, the followers of Buddhism.” This quote shows Horyu-ji was a Buddhist temple that was used for worshipping their god, Buddha. This temple is similar to a mosque, their difference being the religions they portray. In addition, this quote matters because it shows what Horyu-ji’s purpose was and what benefit others gained from it.

Interactiongreen.com says, “This is Horyuji, an ancient Japanese temple, built in 607 AD. It is the world’s oldest surviving wooden structure. Horyuji was constructed from Japanese cypress that were roughly 2,000 years old.” This quote means that Horyu-ji was made in the year 607 AD and was made using cypress wood. It is still standing today and is the longest living wooden building in the world. Additionally, this quote reveals that Horyu-ji is in fact the longest surviving wooden building and that its peak was in ancient Japan, when it was built.

The website visitnara.jp states, “Spacious and easy to explore, it features unique Chinese and Korean architecture, over 300 of Japan’s best Buddhist carvings and a pagoda that is said to be the world’s oldest wooden building.” This quote displays that Horyu-ji is the world's oldest wooden structure and it has unique and beautiful Buddhist carvings that represent Buddhist’s beliefs. Furthermore, mentioning this quote is worth it as it previews how Horyu-ji is impressive and what it has in it that makes it such a prized structure.

Clearly, this evidence shows that Horyu-ji is a very valued and important Buddhist temple made during the era of medieval Japan to people in Japan and Buddhists in general.

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Mansa Musa was an important person who had ruled Mali. Bert Bower states, “In 1312, a new leader, Mansa Musa, took over in Mali. He became the first West African ruler to practice Islam devoutly." This quote means that Mansa Musa took over in Mali in 1312 as their new leader, and was the first to practice Islam religiously as a West African ruler. This means Mansa Musa was a West African ruler in Mali that started ruling in 1312. He taught those in Mali about Islam. In addition, Britannica School claims, "Under Mansa Musa’s rule, Timbuktu grew to be a very important trading city. It developed caravan connections with Egypt and with all other important trade centers in North Africa." This quote means that while Mansa Musa had ruled in Mali, Timbuktu had turned into a trading city that had become very important. It formed several links with other places such as Egypt and other trade centers in North Africa. This quote shows Mansa Musa affected his civilization greatly. He had transformed Timbuktu into a big trading city with connections to Egypt and North Africa, which helped Mali's economy. Furthermore, Bert Bower claims, "When word spread that the king of Mali was visiting, people lined the streets to see him. Musa's wealth impressed the people and rulers of Arabia. He paid in gold for all the goods and services he received. He also gave expensive gifts to his hosts." This quote means that when Mansa Musa visited Arabia, he impressed the people there with his wealth and status, and he gave back expensive items. This quote reveals that there are many things that made Mansa Musa impressive, like his wealth, status, and more. Mansa Musa was considered to be the wealthiest man ever and spread Islamic culture to Mali. Clearly, you can see that Mansa Musa was a ruler with an important role in Mali.

Works Cited

Bower, Bert, and Jim Lobdell. The Medieval World and beyond. Student ed., Palo Alto, Teachers' Curriculum Institute, 2005.

"Musa." Britannica School, Encyclopædia Britannica, 2 Jan. 2019. school.eb.com/levels/middle/article/Musa/631454. Accessed 14 May. 2020.

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Nero used too much money to build his palace and corrupted the empire. The Encyclopedia Britannica says that, “ Golden House of Nero, Latin Domus Aurea , palace in ancient Rome that was constructed by the emperor Nero between ad 65 and 68, after the great fire of 64 (an occasion the emperor used to expropriate an area of more than 200 acres [81 hectares] of land in the centre of the city).” This quote shows that Nero built the Golden House of Nero after the great fire by using it as a window opportunity to seize land. This quote matters because it shows that he wants things mainly for himself. Clinton Sandvick claims that, “By 68 AD, Nero had begun to raise taxes and there were many reports of growing discontent among the elite.” This quote means that Nero taxed more and people were not happy about it. This quote matters because it shows how he corrupted Rome. Clinton Sandvick also claims that Nero is regarded as either a mad or outright evil Emperor. He was undoubtedly cruel and committed many crimes. However, he was also an important figure in the history of Rome. This quote shows that Nero was an evil emperor, but he was important in Rome. This quote reveals that Nero’s were important because they led to more countries and the fall of Rome. Without a doubt, Nero spent too much to build his palace and brought down the empire.

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Get access to files anywhere through secure cloud storage and file backup for your photos, videos, files and more with Google Drive.

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The Pagoda at Fogong Temple,was a very tall and old building. Google claims that "The pagoda was built on the 4-meter-high and two-layer stone platform base. The first layer has double eaves and is surrounded with a cloister. The part before the second layer is all installed with enclosures and has a dozen kinds of corbel brackets under each eave looking like clouds gathering together." This quote means that the pagoda was built over really tall and was built in 1056. This quote matters mentioning because the pagoda building was a very tall building and was built a long time ago. Google says that " The pagoda's original purpose was to house relics and sacred writings." This quote means that the pagoda was used to house the relics and for sacred writings. This quote matters mentioning because it was used to house people and for writing. Google says that "the Pagoda at Fogong Temple, near Datong is the oldest wooden pagoda still standing in China. Built in 1056 during the Liao Dynasty, the pagoda stands over 220 ft. tall, making it also the tallest wooden building in the world. One of the things I love is the intricate bracket work that was used at the time, all made without a single nail." This quote means that The building itself is 220ft tall and it was built in 1056 during the Liao dynasty. This quote matters mentioning cause we know that he building was very tall and was built a long time ago. As you can now see the Pagoda at Fogong Temple,was a very tall and old building.

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The forbidden city is a masterpiece of chinese agriculture. The internet claims "The Forbidden City, the palace once home to the emperors of China, was built by workers sliding giant stones for miles on slippery paths of wet ice, researchers have found". This quote means that it was built by workers sliding giant stones for miles on slippery paths of wet ice. This quote is worth mentioning because it tells us how the forbidden city was made. The internet says "It was built as the palace for emperors and their households to live in, as well as the political and ritual center of China during the Ming and Qing dynasties". This quote means it was a palace for emperors to stay in and it was also a political ritual center of china during the Ming and Qing dynasties. This quote matters because it tells us that the forbidden city was used for emperors and their households to live in, as well as the political and ritual center of China during the Ming and Qing dynasties. The internet says "The city was built from 1406 to 1420 and consists of 980 buildings that cover 720,000 square meters (7,800,000 sq. ft.). The Forbidden City was declared by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site in 1987 and also declared as the world's largest preservation of wooden structures from the ancient world". This quote means that the forbidden city has 980 buildings that cover 720,000 square meters. This quote is worth mentioning because it says that the forbidden city was built from 1406 to 1420 and consists of 980 buildings that cover it. 720,000 square meters. I think that it was worth mentioning because it tells us how many buildings there are and it is a fun fact. Without a doubt the forbidden city is for sure a masterpiece of chinese agriculture.

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Yadira Hernandez, Mansa Musa 3-D Project. 

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Yadira Hernandez, Mansa Musa 3-D Project. 

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Mansa Musa was an important ruler of Mali. Bert Bower says “ In 1312, a new leader, MANSA MUSA, took over in Mali, He became the first West African ruler to practice Islam devoutly.” This quote shows that: In 1312 "MANSA MUSA took over Mali, and became the new leader, Mansa Musa was a West African ruler that had Become the first ruler to practice Islam devoutly. This Shows that: Mansa Musa was a ruler of Mali who began his reign in 1312 and helped bring Islam to Mali.

Britannica school, Encyclopedia Britannica Claims “ Musa came to the throne in 1307. A devout Muslim, he set out on his famous pilgrimage in 1324. Leaving his capital of Niani , in what is now Guinea, he traveled northeast across the Sahara. Mansa Musa, on horseback, led an elaborate caravan of 60,000 men and 80 camels, each carrying 300 pounds (140 kilograms) of gold. The caravan made its way to Cairo, Egypt. There, the emperor impressed the sultan and the people with his generosity and his devotion to Islam.” This Means:  Mansa began ruling in 1307. Mansa Musa traveled northeast across the Sahara. Mansa Musa was on a horseback and the caravan included 60,000 men with 80 camels. Each man had carried  300 pounds (140 kilograms of GOLD. This shows that: Mansa Musa was famous when he traveled to the northeast, with men and camels, EACH carrying 300 pounds (140 kilograms) of GOLD.

Britannica school, Encyclopedia Britannica Argues that “ Under Mansa Musa’s rule, Timbuktu grew to be a very important trading city. It developed caravan connections with Egypt and with all other important trade centers in North Africa.” This Means: Timbuktu grew to be a very important trading city, while Mansa Musa was ruling. This happened by: Building relationships with other major trade cities in north Africa.This Matters: When Mansa Musa made Timbuktu into an important city, It made Mali a wealthier and more powerful Empire. Without a doubt: Mansa Musa was an important ruler of Mali.

Citations:

Bower, Bert, and Jim Lobdell. The Medieval World and beyond. Student ed., Palo Alto, Teachers' Curriculum Institute, 2005.

"Musa." Britannica School, Encyclopædia Britannica, 2 Jan. 2019. school.eb.com/levels/middle/article/Musa/631454. Accessed 15 May. 2020.

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Natalie Siu: Sankore Madrasah (University of Sankore)

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Natalie Siu: Sankore Madrasah (University of Sankore)

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Sankoré Madrasah was an important mosque and center of learning in Timbuktu, Mali. Bert Bower says, “The materials that were most available in the savanna were mud and wood. Using these materials, West Africans built mosques that blended Islamic architectural styles with their own traditional religious art.” This quote means that at the time, the most available supplies were mud and wood. Mosques were constructed using these supplies with Islamic designs. This shows that mud and wood were used to make Sankore Madrasah. According to Encyclopedia Britannica, “Scholars interested in history, Islamic theology, and law made Timbuktu’s Sankore mosque a teaching center. As the mosque grew in significance, it became known as the University of Sankore. The university remained a center of Islamic scholarship until the late 16th century.” This quote means that Sankore was not only a center of worship but also a center of learning that included classes for history, Islamic theology, and law. With its significance, it became recognized as the University of Sankore. The university was an Islamic educational center until the end of the 16th century. This quote reveals that Sankore Mosque, which later became known as the University of Sankore, became a teaching center due to a large interest in history, law, and Islamic theology. Alois Mlambo states, “He established libraries and Islamic universities, including the Sankore Madrasah (University of Sankore), which attracted Islamic scholars from all over the Muslim world.” This quote shows that Mansa Musa established libraries and schools, like the University of Sankore which drew many Muslim students. This matters because Mansa Musa, the ruler of Mali, constructed Sankore Madrasah during his reign from 1312 to 1337. The university turned out to be a big attraction to a lot of Islamic scholars. Clearly, Sankoré Madrasah was an important mosque and center of learning in Timbuktu, Mali.

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Samantha Santander: The University of Sankore

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Samantha Santander: The University of Sankore

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Sankore was the oldest university in the world. The Author claims that "Several universities were built in Timbuktu. The most famous was the University of Sankore. It became one of the world's great universities." This quote means that The University of Sankore was one of the most famous universities in Timbuktu out of all of their universities. Students who were studying at Sankore were a single imam.. And imams that were at Sankore was respected throughout the islamic world..  Jennifer Stock says that "He also decided to rebuild the Sankore mosque. The mosque had originally been built in 988 with funds supplied by a wealthy Malinke woman." Jennifer Stock says that "He also decided to rebuild the Sankore mosque. The mosque had originally been built in 988 with funds supplied by a wealthy Malinke woman." Mansa Musa decided to rebuild things in Timbuktu. Djigareyber and Sankore had madrasas which are Islamic schools. It formed the basis for the great University of Sankore. The author claims “The madrasas formed the basis for the great University of Sankore, founded in the early fourteenth century, which made Timbuktu one of the most important places of Islamic scholarship until the end of the sixteenth century.” This quote means that Timbuktu is the most important place for Islamic scholarship. After Mansa Musa rebuilt The University of Sankore it was then founded in the early fourteenth century.  When scholars went to settle in Timbuktu others then went to study with them.. It also made the City's reputation spread, then there was almost more than twenty five thousands students in Timbuktu. As you can now see The University of Sankore was important since it helped many people with their education.

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I made a paddle wheel boat. It came from the Chinese. It was first invented in 784ad.

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My project is about the Forbidden city. I choose this because I asked my brother for what I should do and he said the forbidden city which is what I did. Forbidden City was an important place in China. Britannica schools says “Today, inside many of the buildings the Palace Museum displays valuable bronzes, pottery, paintings, jades, silks, jewels, furniture, and other objects from imperial China.” This quote means that inside the Forbidden City/Palace Museum today showcases many valuable objects from imperial China. This shows that the Forbidden city is impressive because inside many of the buildings inside of the Forbidden City had contained valuable bronzes, pottery, paintings, jades, silks, jewels, furniture, and other objects. Britannica school says “The place where 24 of the Ming and Qing emperors lived, it includes a maze of structures with golden-tiled roofs and dark red walls—the colors of the imperial court. In an area of 178 acres (72 hectares) is a complex of palaces, halls, and other buildings that constitutes the largest and most complete existing ensemble of traditional Chinese architecture.” This quote means that the Forbidden City was made with a lot of structures with roofs that were golden-tiled and the walls are colored dark red. 178 acres of land having a complex of buildings such as palaces and halls. This quote shows that the forbidden city was made with different structures with golden-tiled roofs and dark red walls in 178 acres of land. Britannica school says “The place where 24 of the Ming and Qing emperors lived...The complex has an Outer Court, where emperors held official audiences and government business was conducted, and an Inner Court, which served as living quarters for the imperial family.” This quote means that the emperors lived in the Forbidden City and the imperial family would live in the Inner court. This quote is worth mentioning because the forbidden city is where the chinese emperors would live and also the imperial family. Clearly, Forbidden City was an important place in China.

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Gabriel Flores Benard: Pyramid Of The Sun

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Gabriel Flores Benard: Pyramid Of The Sun

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Teotihuacan was an important & special Aztec civilization. Britannica School states the following; “At its height in about 500 AD, it covered some 8 square miles (20 square kilometers) and may have housed more than 150,000 people. At the time it was one of the largest cities in the world. It was the region’s major economic as well as religious center. Teotihuacán carried on trade with distant regions, and the products of its craftsmen were spread over much of Middle America. The priest-rulers who governed the city also staged grand religious pageants and ceremonies that often involved human sacrifices.The city contained great plazas, temples, palaces of nobles and priests, and some 2,000 single-story apartment compounds.” This quote explains that it was a trade city, religious center, and home for the wealthy and many other civilians. This quote matters because it shows the fact that this was an important city via the fact that Teotihuacan is huge & was a center of religion and trade. Since religion and trade were central aspects of society back then, it must have been a pretty important place. According to Jim Lobdell and Bert Bower, “They adopted Quetzalcoatl, the Teotihuacans' feathered serpent god, as one of their own gods. The Aztecs viewed the Toltecs even more highly, as rulers of a Golden Age. Aztec rulers married into the surviving Toltec royal line. The Aztecs even began to claim the Toltecs as their own ancestors.” In other words, the Aztecs used the god Quetzalcoatl as their own and thought of the Toltecs as Golden Age rulers, even trying to marry into their royal families and saying they were their ancestors because they valued them so highly. This means that legacies of the older civilizations deeply influenced their culture, and viewed the remaining families very highly, similar to gods it seems. The city influenced the Aztec culture in a way that has stayed prevalent today. Britannica School states, “The most prominent feature of Teotihuacán was the Pyramid of the Sun. It dominated the central city from the east side of the Avenue of the Dead. The pyramid is one of the largest structures of its type in the Western Hemisphere, reaching a height of 216 feet (66 meters). An impressive stairway rises dramatically on its west side, facing the Avenue of the Dead.The northern end of the Avenue of the Dead was capped by the Pyramid of the Moon and flanked by platforms and lesser pyramids. The second largest structure in the city, the Pyramid of the Moon rose to 140 feet (43 meters). Its main stairway faced the Avenue of the Dead. Near the exact center of the city and just east of the Avenue of the Dead was the Ciudadela (“Citadel”). It was a kind of sunken court surrounded on all four sides by platforms supporting temples. In the middle of the sunken plaza stood the Temple of “Quetzalcóatl, the Feathered Serpent god. Numerous stone heads of the god projected from the walls of the temple.” This quote describes the marvels made by the Aztecs in Teotihuacan. It shows how special this city was, especially when realizing that they made some of the biggest monuments in their region. Furthermore, this shows how Teotihuacan is a special city, which outshined others with its ability to create many monuments of an aspiring height & caliber. You could even make the assumption that their drive was to honor their deities because of the monument’s religious connotation, which would mean that the Aztecs were devout in their beliefs. In conclusion, the city of Teotihuacan was a milestone in the progression of humanity. We are able to see in the huge pyramids and monuments built by the Aztecs that they were civilized and advanced. Teotihuacan was an integral part of society as shown by the fact that it was a central part of religion and trade in that region. The previous inhabitants even affected the Aztecs themselves, adopting their gods and ancestry. In all, the city of Teotihuacan was revolutionary.

Works Cited

Bower, Bert, and Jim Lobdell. The Medieval World and beyond. Student ed., Palo Alto, Teachers' Curriculum Institute, 2005.

Britannica School. school.eb.com/levels/middle/article/Teotihuacán/480459.

Wikipedia. 28 Apr. 2020, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teotihuacan. Accessed 11 May 2020.

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This is an important group of people who raided towns.The author says “The Vikings were the most skilled and daring sailors of their day. Because the compass was still unknown, they navigated by the Sun and stars. When fog hid the stars, their ships drifted until the weather cleared. Not fearing death, they took great chances. Their experiences and discoveries were therefore many”. The quote shows they were the most skilled and daring soldiers and navigated by the sun and stars.This quote matters because they were very skilled sailors unafraid of death and used the stars to navigate. The quote reveals that this is an important group of skilled sailors who navigated by stars.The author claims “In the 9th century ad seafaring warriors known as Vikings began raiding the coasts of Europe, burning, plundering, and killing as they went”.This quote means that the vikings were people in the 9th century who raided the coasts of Europe who killed people as they went.The quote reveals that vikings were people who would raid towns and killed people as they were raiding them.The author claims “A successful Viking expedition might bring fortune, fame, and, perhaps, noble rank to those who took part. So by the time they were 15 or 16, Norse boys were eager to try their luck in battle.”This quote shows vikings brought fortune and by the time they were 15 or 16 norse boys were told to try their luck in battle.The quote reveals that vikings were rich and when they were teens they tried their luck in battle.As you can now see vikings were a group of skilled sailors who raided towns, killed people while raiding them and navigated by the stars.

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Mayan pyramids were used for their ruler tomb, their partners, sacrificial victims, and precious goods. Diem, Alfred claims that “Palenque, a royal residence and not a temple, is the central focus of the city. The palace, likely first begun by Pakal and with major additions such as the tower c. 721 CE, is one of the most complex architectural structures at any Maya site. This quote shows that the palenque was used for the royal house and was one of the most complicated architectural structures at the Maya site. This quote reveals that the palenque wasn’t just for royal economy it was also a very complex architectural structure.

Wikipedia says that “ The Palenque ruins date from ca. 226 BC to ca. AD 799. The palenque was built in 226 BC to ca. AD 799; and it was built at Maya city state in southern Mexico that flourished in the 7th century.” This quote shows that the palenque was built in 226 BC to ca, and this also shows that it was built at the Maya city state in southern Mexico. In addition this shows when it was made and where it was built at.

Kroth, Maya says that “Inside lay the remains of the greatest ruler of one of the greatest cities of one of the ancient world's greatest civilizations. Ruz's remarkable discovery of the intact tomb of the Mayan king Pakal, who ruled Palenque in the 7th century, is often touted as the greatest archaeological find ever made in the Americas." This quote shows that Ruz was the only who discovered the tomb of the Mayan king Pakal who dominated Palenque in the seventh century and is frequently touted as the greatest archaeological discovery ever made within the Americans. In addition this quote is worth mentioning because if Ruz hasn’t discovered this we wouldn’t know if this place was even a thing and who was in it. Without a doubt we now know when it was made, where it was made and how complex the structure was.

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Kasuga Taisha is a very important place in medieval Japan. Mark Cartwright says that “the site has four main shrines in honour of four Shinto-Buddhist deities, one of which is the ancestor god of the important Fujiwara clan.” This means that the shrine is an important religious place to Japan. This matters because it is a place where many people from around the world go to worship and honor. An author says “Kasuga Taisha is  an ancient Shinto shrine located in a forest east of Nara, capital of Japan between 710 and 784 CE”. This means that Kasuga-Taisha is a medieval shrine in Nara, Japan. This means that Kasuga-Taisha is a medieval shrine in Nara, Japan. In addition it’s a deer park where the Buddha was thought to have given his first sermon which makes it a very special place.  “The site is particular for its 2,000-plus stone lanterns (ishidoro), which line the pathway to the shrines. These lanterns, a traditional way to greet the spirits of the dead, have been donated by worshippers over the centuries.”, says an author. This shows that over many many years people have gone to Kasuga Taisha to worship the ancestors. Kasuga Taisha is important, it celebrates Japan's fascinating history and keeps traditions alive. Kasuga Taisha is Nara’s most celebrated shrine and is responsible for looking over the city. Without a doubt, Kasuga Taisha is an important cultural place.Kasuga Taisha is a very important place in medieval Japan. Mark Cartwright says that “the site has four main shrines in honour of four Shinto-Buddhist deities, one of which is the ancestor god of the important Fujiwara clan.” This means that the shrine is an important religious place to Japan. This matters because it is a place where many people from around the world go to worship and honor. An author says “Kasuga Taisha is  an ancient Shinto shrine located in a forest east of Nara, capital of Japan between 710 and 784 CE”. This means that Kasuga-Taisha is a medieval shrine in Nara, Japan. This means that Kasuga-Taisha is a medieval shrine in Nara, Japan. In addition it’s a deer park where the Buddha was thought to have given his first sermon which makes it a very special place.  “The site is particular for its 2,000-plus stone lanterns (ishidoro), which line the pathway to the shrines. These lanterns, a traditional way to greet the spirits of the dead, have been donated by worshippers over the centuries.”, says an author. This shows that over many many years people have gone to Kasuga Taisha to worship the ancestors. Kasuga Taisha is important, it celebrates Japan's fascinating history and keeps traditions alive. Kasuga Taisha is Nara’s most celebrated shrine and is responsible for looking over the city. Without a doubt, Kasuga Taisha is an important cultural place.

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So for this project I decided to focus on the topic China, and my project is the great wall of china.The whole reason why I chose the great wall of china as my project was because I was always interested in chinese inventions and the great wall of china was pretty iconic to me. The person who created the great wall of china was Emperor Qin Shi Huang ( around 221 B.C.). The reason why the invention was so important was because it was to help protect places and so no one could raid it at all and till this day the wall is just used to show people all around the world that visited. Another reason why this invention was important was because it helped secure transmission of information and transportation in northern china. I had heard about the story of china before quite a few times and I was pretty interested about what other things china has done before! One fact you should know about this invention was that it was located in Huairou District, China. Without this invention the world wouldn’t know about one of the most powerful inventions china has created.

Citations

https://www.google.com/search?sxsrf=ALeKk01DvNLb3H2ij8wPfTnxpAdHrl9ivQ%3A1589764442623&source=hp&ei=WuHBXvbKI9T3-gSR_IyIDQ&q=great+wall+of+china&oq=gr&gs_lcp=CgZwc3ktYWIQARgAMgQIIxAnMgQIABBDMgQIABBDMgQIABBDMgQIABBDMgQIABBDMgQIABBDMgQIABBDMgQIABBDMgQIABBDOgcIIxDqAhAnUOcKWPgNYO4aaAFwAHgAgAFviAHMAZIBAzEuMZgBAKABAaoBB2d3cy13aXqwAQo&sclient=psy-ab

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Name: Lance Johnson

Topic: Pope leo III

In this paper I will be talking about the person I picked and how he lived his life. The person I picked was Pope Leo III. Now Pope Leo II had an interesting life. He wasn't much liked due to him succeeding Adrian I  ,who was very liked around the roman empire. He was threatened and attacked all around his lifetime. But what he is most known for is helping the Great Holy roman Emperor Charlemagne create his empire. In return charlemagne granted him protection from these assailants.

Britannica states that'' on December 26 795 leo was to succeed pope adrian the 1st as the next pope.  Some of Afians assailants “Adrian supports” who accused Leo  of misconduct physically attacked him.  Britannica states that “Their plan was to blind him and cut his tongue , disqualifying him for papacy but it was unsuccessful due to Leo fleeing to the alps for protection from Charlemagne. In chapter 2 of the medieval world beyond the authors Bower Bert and Jim Lobdell states ” Pope Leo III helped Charlemagne create his empire.

Charlemagne was a very successful roman emperor crowned on December 25 800 by Leo himself since pope Leo helped Charlemagne create his impressive empire , Pope Leo was granted protection by charlamagne and was escorted everywhere he went. Pope Leo is also very important because of how much church back in these times involved people's lives. Popes were also big decision makers and influence a lot of the decisions in the roman empire. Britannica states” Upon Charlemagne's death in 814 ,the hatred of the Roman nobility against Leo reasserted itself. He had some conspirators executed and submitted an account of his action to Louis, who had succeeded his father”.  Leo died 2 years later .

I picked Pope Leo III for the sheer reason that even though he was not much liked ,he played a role in helping create the powerful roman empire that we see in history all around us. His relationship with Charlemagne was very important in his survival in the empire. He is now known as St. Leo and so are the relatives before ( Pope Leo I & II) and after him( Leo IV and IX).

Aachen Cathedral  :This is the cathedral Pope Leo II served in for more that 20 years. The cathedral is in Germany. I decided to make a detail drawing of the Cathedral.

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Have you ever accidentally created a dangerous and explosive powder while trying to produce a remedy to extend your lifetime? Well Chinese alchemists did. I decided to choose this invention to do my project on because I found it ironic how the alchemists were trying to create a product to lengthen your lifespan, but instead they created a powder that’s not very life threatening when you consume it but is used in many dangerous weapons. During the Song and Mongol periods, the Chinese developed powerful weapons that could not have been made without the invention of gunpowder. Textbooks have said there is a possibility gunpowder was created by accident. During the Tang dynasty in 850 C.E. alchemists recorded the formula for gunpowder. Others were warned to avoid it because it was dangerous. The invention of gunpowder is important because it is an essential material for producing weapons. Many wars may have not been won without the weapons that use gunpowder. Maybe it wasn’t the most beneficial invention to humanity, but it is frequently used around the globe. Gunpowder is also used for other purposes which includes fireworks, medicine, landmines, grenades, catapults, and many other things. The first invention that used gunpowder was actually a flamethrower. The chinese would use the flamethrower (which had a mixture of oil and gunpowder) to spray their enemies with flames. Without the invention of gunpowder many wars would’ve been fought differently, and maybe the world would be different without the dangerous weapons that came along with it.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               

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Michelangelo was a famous Italian Renaissance sculptor and painter. Bert Bower says, “This famous artist is renowned both for his painting and his sculpture. He was also a talented poet and architect.” This quote shows that Michelangelo was a famous and talented artist whose work was very well-known. This reveals that Michelangelo was very skilled and his works were popular. He was talented in various different arts.

Encyclopedia Britannica states, “In his last years Michelangelo designed the dome of St. Peter’s Basilica. It has been called the finest architectural achievement of the Italian Renaissance.” This quote means that during his last years, Michelangelo made what was considered the finest architectural achievement of the Italian Renaissance: the dome of St. Peter’s Basilica. This shows that Michelangelo was extremely talented; he designed the dome of a famous building. A lot of his works are famous and loved.

According to Gale, “Michelangelo's genius was recognized and venerated by his contemporaries, and he exerted enormous influence on generations of younger artists. It was, however, the superficial aspects of his style—serpentine poses and muscular anatomies—that were easiest to assimilate. None of his followers was able to match his profundity of thought and feeling.” This quote means that Michelangelo’s talent was highly appreciated by people and it had a large influence on younger artists. Some points of his style were easy to understand, however no one was able to match his wisdom and thoughtfulness. This reveals that many art styles of younger artists were greatly influenced by Michelangelo’s skilled work; so skilled that it was hard for people to exert the same insight and way of thinking. As you can now see, Michelangelo was a famous Italian Renaissance sculptor and painter.

Citations:

Bower, Bert, and Jim Lobdell. The Medieval World and beyond. Student ed., Palo Alto, Teachers' Curriculum Institute, 2005.

"Michelangelo." Britannica School, Encyclopædia Britannica, 12 Oct.

2018.school.eb.com/levels/middle/article/Michelangelo/275822#. Accessed 14 May. 2020.

"Michelangelo." DISCovering Biography, Gale, 2003. Gale In Context: High School,

https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/EJ2102101255/

SUIC?u=san6957&sid=SUIC&xid=0e0026c7. Accessed 15 May 2020.

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My topic is the griots of Africa. The reason is I thought Africa was fun to research and it was pretty fun. This project wasn’t as fun as I expected but it was still kinda fun. Especially since I did it in Minecraft. Griots are often called “living libraries” because their knowledge of stories. When they are old, they pass down the stories to their children and grandchildren to become the next griots.

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My topic is The Maya and for my project I decided to do the Kukulcan pyramid. The reason I chose this project was because learning about The maya was intriguing. The pyramid was built by mayan architects in Chichen Itza. This pyramid was built because they believed twice a year the pyramid was visited by its namesake. They believed on equinox, kukulkan would come to earth and commune with worshipers, give blessings for food, water and good health. I have had a chance to learn about this civilization and I am pretty interested in the maya. Without this pyramid the maya wouldn’t have been able to do rituals for kukulkan and we wouldn’t be able to learn and study it.

Citations

www.atlasobscura.com

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My project is focused on the chinese invention of the compass. I chose this project because I thought it was interesting how much the compass changed the world. The compass was invented in 1000 a.d. by chinese fortune tellers. This invention was important because they used it to travel across seas. Also, they needed it so they didn't get lost. No I have not. I feel okay about that. Before the compass was used for navigation, they used it for fortune telling, divination, and geomancy. Without this invention, we wouldn't have discovered the world as we know it.

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Mark Cartwright says ‘ It was used for a Buddhist temple. Buddhists would also store their artifacts in it before it was a house then a memorial building for Ashikaga Yoshimitsu’. This quote shows that the Golden Pavilion was used for many things like a house to a Buddhist storage place .  This quote shows how the golden pavilion was built for a memorial of Ashikaga Yoshimitsu which then was turned into a buddist temple. This quote reveals that the golden pavilion is important because it was used for many things such as a storage place for buddist artifacts and once was a housing place. This quote also reveals that the golden pavilion is important because it was used for many things such as a storage place for buddist artifacts and once was a housing place.  Mark Cartwright says that the main purpose of the pavilion is to work as a Sheridan storing relics of the Buddha. This quote is an example of the temple storing relics of the Buddha. This temple was many things like a grave for someone or a Buddha temple. It was many things and is a historical symbol. This quote reveals that the golden pavilion  is important because it shows that the golden pavilion was really important and will always be viewed as a historical building. Mark Cartwright says that each floor has a different style,shiden,samurai,zen it’s made off natural  unpainted wood plaster the two top stories are pure gold leaf. The building was built on-top of water to be a grave and a temple for the Buddhist. It was built with unpainted wood and gold leaf. This quote worth mentioning because it shows how they built such a beautiful building.    As you can see The golden pavilion was an important building over the years.

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My project is about Medieval European monks. Monks teached and helped the community. Bower, Bert, and Jim Lobdell says that “ Monasteries, or communities of Monks, provided hospitality to refugees and travelers. Monks also copied and preserved old texts, and in this way helped keep learning alive.” This quote shows that Monasteries of monks have hospitalized travelers and refugees. They also kept old texts to keep learning alive. This quote reveals that Monasteries are a group of monks that hospitalize and teach people Christianity. D’Alto Nick says“On July 4th, 1054, astronomers in China's royal court recorded an astonishing sight: a new "guest star" appearing in the night sky. In Europe, medieval monks observed the same "nova," or new light.” This quote shows that China's royal court saw a very bright star. Medieval European Monks saw the same thing too. Furthermore this quote shows that Monks identified the bright star as a nova which made them impressive. Bower, Bert, and Jim Lobdell says “The spread of monasteries, and the preaching of missionaries, helped bring new converts to the Christian faith.” This quote shows that Communities of monks have spread around Medieval Europe and brought new converts to the  Christian faith. In addition The monks affected their civilization by spreading around Medieval Europe and bringing new converts to the Christian faith. As you can see now Monks teached and helped the community.

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Paragraph: Mansa musa was an important rich ruler of mali.Encylopidia britanica claims that,”A devout Muslim, he set out on his famous pilgrimage in 1324. Leaving his capital of Niani, in what is now Guinea, he traveled northeast across the Sahara. Mansa Musa, on horseback, led an elaborate caravan of 60,000 men and 80 camels, each carrying 300 pounds (140 kilograms) of gold. The caravan made its way to Cairo, Egypt.”
This quate means, this was a famous pilgrimage that he did to meet new kings, sultans, etc. this is impressive because they brought great weath and it was very long.This quote matters because it is showing what lengths Mansa Musa would go to to meet other kings or sulton, in addition he also boring many people and riches.
Jim Lobdell says, “. In 1312, a new leader. Mansa Musa. took over in Mali. He became the first West African ruler to practice Islam devoutly.”This quote means that he was a leader in west Africa who studied islamic ways.This quote supports my topic because its shows how he changed the culture and also stuff he believed in.
Encyclopidia britanica says; “Under Mansa Musa’s rule, Timbuktu grew to be a very important trading city. It developed caravan connections with Egypt and with all other important trade centers in North Africa.”This means Mansa Musa helped kind of capitilise trading in North America. and also that he had great connections with the places.This quote reveals that he had connections with places near him which is very valuable, this is important becasue h=by having connections he became more powerful.As you can see now Mansa Musa was a very powerful being with great connections.

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The Roman army was a good army and they conquered most of the city’s nearby them.The Roman Empire fell with the Roman army in 1450 c.e because they lost soldiers and they got invaded by barbarian tribes

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The Roman Colosseum
The Colosseum had a huge impact when it was just built and it still does today. Bert Bower says “The Romans used concrete to build tunnels into the famous stadium in Rome, the Colosseum. The tunnels made it easy for spectators to reach their seats. Modern football stadiums still use this feature.” This quote shows just how much modern day stadiums were built like the Colosseum.This quote explains that The Colosseum was an influence on stadiums in modern time. Secondly, Jennifer Stock says “Sporting events united people of all classes. In cities throughout the empire, people gathered to watch chariot races, gladiator fights, and other spectator sports.”This was used as entertainment for the people of Rome as they watched people usually fight to the death.This quote reveals that the colosseum is important because it shows that the colosseum was used for entertainment. Lastly, Jennifer Stock claims “With a population of almost one million people,Rome, the capital of the Roman Empire, was a huge city. Vespasian (9–79 ce), who became emperor in 69 ce, initiated the building of a great arena as a gift to the Roman people in 72 ce. The selected site was the pleasure park created by the emperor Nero (37–68 ce) after the burning of Rome in 64 ce. The site may have been a strategic populist gesture, as it returned to the people's choice land that Nero had reserved for his own use. The site also placed the Colosseum firmly in the city’s center, as opposed to other amphitheaters that had been located on the outskirts of the city.Vespasian, who was their leader at the time, started building the Colosseum as a gift to the people. He started building this an 72 ce. This quote shows how Vespasian helped build The Colosseum. As you can now see, The Colosseum had a huge impact when it was just built and it still does today.

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“45 pound princess robes”
During the 10th century, as a female you would dress in many layers of silk garments that weighed up to 45 pounds! I found interest in ancient Japanese Heian period fashion because I'm interested in fashion in general and I thought it would be beneficial to know some history on other kinds of fashion. Heian society was highly dictated by the ranking you were born into.To be good and liked you would have to be elegant and beautiful and born into an important family. Heian beauty and fashion were very important because it gave people an easy gateway to see your social status. Heian women, usually people with a high ranking in society such as princesses or empresses would wear layers upon layers of silk (style is referred to as Jūnihitoe) and would lift up their wide sleeves to show the luscious layers of silk. Beauty and elegance was valued more than generosity and kindness. Heian beauty influenced other arts like architecture and poetry. Black teeth was also considered standard because men and women would make their complexion white and pale which would only make their teeth look yellow. Women would shave off their eyebrows only to draw them on higher up and oval like, which was a popular eyebrow style. I think that learning about the Heian period beauty and fashion standards was indeed beneficial and fun. I wish that I had known about this before because it’s so different from modern day standards, although members of the Imperial House of Japan still wear Jūnihitoe on important occasions. It is safe to say Japan was influenced by these times, and Jūnihitoe is still prized as it is among the most expensive articles of clothing.

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For my history project I did the Kukulcan pyramid located in Yucatan, Mexico inside of a minecraft world. I decided to focus on The pyramid of Kukulcan because it was a pyramid that I knew I was able to build in a virtual world. The pyramid of Kukulcan was built by pre-colombian mayan’s. The pyramid was built around 800 CE and 900 CE, it was built to honor the feathered serpent gods. According to National Geographic “This glorious step pyramid demonstrates the accuracy and importance of Maya astronomy—and the heavy influence of the Toltecs, who invaded around 1000 and precipitated a merger of the two cultural traditions.” was one reason it was important. According to Ancient Observatories “The structure as a whole seems to be aligned with an important astronomical axis: The west plane of the pyramid faces the zenith passage sunset.” was another reason it was important. Without this invention I believe the world would’ve know less about Chichen itza and what they believed in.

1. https://www.google.com/search?rlz=1CARWXF_enUS895&ei=XvzGXpa_IsmWsQX6lrqQDw&q=who+built+kukulkan&oq=who+built+kukul&gs_lcp=CgZwc3ktYWIQARgAMgYIABAWEB4yBggAEBYQHjIICAAQFhAKEB4yBggAEBYQHjoECAAQR1CRJliRJmDZL2gAcAR4AIABwAGIAcABkgEDMC4xmAEAoAEBqgEHZ3dzLXdpeg&sclient=psy-ab&safe=active&ssui=on

2. https://www.livescience.com/2321-ancient-mayans-temples.html

3. https://www.nationalgeographic.com/travel/world-heritage/chichen-itza/

4. https://www.exploratorium.edu/ancientobs/chichen/HTML/castillo.html

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My project is about the ancient Chinese rocket launcher which was created during the Song Dynasty. This weapon was made for the military to stun and to stop the enemies. The rockets were made of an arrow with a bamboo tube full of gunpowder connected to it and a fuse to light and launch them. The arrow alone did not do that much damage to the opponents so the arrows were tipped with poison. They shoot the rocket launcher while holding it at their hip. The gunpowder that was in the rockets was non-explosive to propel it forward so it could go farther. The Chinese had many different variations of this rocket launcher like ones that would shoot more rockets.  These weapons were more powerful do to the fact that the Chinese were the only people in the world that knew how to make them. This invention is both a good thing and a bad thing for the world I think because if the Chinese did not invent this there would less war and less violence but without these inventions, we might have not won the wars.

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Timothy Gilbert
Mayan ball game

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This is a picture of Miyamoto Musashi , he is using two wooden swords called a bokken.
The orignal picture was made with a wooden block print by Utagawa Kuniyoshi , he was born in 1584 , he fought 60 battles which he won , he inspired one of the most famous video games protagonist Final Fantasy 7 with his insparation for him being cloud strife and his rival Sasaki Kojiro being Sephiroth. He died in June 13 , 1645. He retired after fighting Sasaki Kojiro with his inal 60 duel

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The Aztecs were a powerful civilization that thrived in Mesoamerica from the mid-fourteenth to the early sixteenth century.Mesoamerica is a geographical region that stretches from modern-day Mexico into parts of Costa Rica. Now the Aztec civilization was home to more than eleven million people and had developed an advanced economic system based on trade and agriculture After in they build  the Aztec capital of Tenochtitlan on the site of modern-day Mexico City. The Aztecs were a warlike people who were also known for their great works  like building gardens, houses ,damps, and weapons and also on architecture and intricate calendar system.After their empire came to a sudden end in 1521 when Spanish forces invaded the Aztec homeland and destroyed Tenochtitlan.

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“Over 1200 years have passed since the foundation of Kiyomizu-dera Temple. Halfway up Mt. Otowa, one of the peaks in Kyoto’s Higashiyama mountain range, stands the temple, to which large numbers of visitors come to pay their respects to Kannon, a deity of great mercy and compassion. For this reason, our temple is known as a “Kannon Reijo.” “Reijo” is a Japanese word meaning a “holy place”

with which the Kannon’s compassion is abundant.” quote from the website “kiyomizudera.or.jp/en/” . This quote shows that the temple was indeed used for a tradition of praying and paying respects to a deity known as “Kannon Reijo”.This quote supports “Kiyomizu-dera temple was an ancient temple in Japan full of many traditions” because it shows that they used the temple to practice traditions. In addition “We at Kiyomizu-dera Temple, along with the deity Kannon, wish for the happiness of all people across the world. When you visit the temple, simply put your hands together when in front of the statue of Kannon and offer a prayer of thanksgiving.” This quote supports the fact that the temple was used for a lot of traditions because they use things such as a statue to offer a prayer of thanksgiving.Christine Bagarino claims that “The most famous building within the Kiyomizu-dera Temple complex, however, is undoubtedly the main hall, with its wide wooden viewing stage that juts out over the mountainside. The stage is supported by 168 wooden pillars made from thick tree trunks over several centuries old. The flooring of the stage itself was constructed from cypress boards using a special method of interlocking wooden joints without a single nail.”  This quote shows that there was a very certain technique used to build the main hall.This quote is worth mentioning because it talks about how “The stage is supported by 168 wooden pillars made from thick tree trunks over several centuries old.The flooring of the stage itself was constructed from cypress boards using a special method of interlocking wooden joints without using a single screw” and is basically answering the question of how it was built.he publication site of the article “Kiyomizu-dera” claims that “Kiyomizu-dera’s most famous aspect is its wooden stage complex, made of 168 pillars. This structure was built using a rather special method: 12-meter high keyaki (Japanese Zelkova) pillars made from thick, centuries-old trees and a floor made of 410 cypress boards was assembled and installed without using a single nail, instead relying on locking wooden joints. The stage is popular with tourists all year round, offering a beautiful view no matter the season. The main hall of the Kiyomizu-dera temple complex houses small statues of the eleven-faced and thousand-armed incarnation of the Buddhist divinity Kannon and is connected to the butai, which was created as a stage for dedications and offerings. The Japanese expression “to jump off the stage at Kiyomizu” is used in the same way we would say “take the plunge” in English.”. This quote shows an event that would happen was “Taking the plunge” aka JUMPING OFF THE STAGE AND IF YOU SURVIVED JUMPING A 12 METER TALL STAGE YOUR WISH WILL COME TRUE.

This reveals is worth mentioning because it talks about how an event that you used to be able to do (thankfully people can’t toss themselves off the stage anymore) and our question was what was an event that took place at this place. Without a doubt Kiyomizu-dera temple located in Kyoto Japan was and still is used for many traditions and can still be used for them. It is also filled with unique architecture and the building methods used for it were also very impressive.

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Have you ever wondered how the Inca empire fell? I choose to focus on this topic because it is very interesting and I can learn alot. Francisco Pizzaro was the man that led the charge on the downfall of the Inca. This topic is important because what if the Inca never fell, we might still be in the iron age. So in conclusion this topic is important.

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My project is focusing on the Japanese temple, Kinryū-zan Sensō-ji. I chose to focus on this temple because it looked really nice and seemed like it had a good history. Kaishō was the founder of Kinryū-zan Sensō-ji. It was made in the Asakusa district in Taitō, Tokyo, Japan. One reason why Sensō-ji is important is because it honors the goddess, Sho Kanzeon Bosatsu (goes by Kannon). And two, because it’s a great tourist attraction. I have never heard about the civilisation story. Sensō-ji has two gates that you go through. There’s the Kaminarimon gate, which you enter. And the second gate, the Hozomon, which is led by Nakamise. (A shopping street) Without Sensō-ji, there will be no place to look up to the goddess Kannon in Japan.

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Slicing through the tallest waves, this turtle ship was a formidable sight to see on your coastline. It's cannons, and armored shell made it hard to attack. One of the reasons I chose this cool invention to focus on. This was created in Korea, 1591. Invented by Li Soon Sin, it was a crucial piece in the defense against the Japanese during the Japanese coloration of Korea in 1910. This invention symbolized Korea’s independence and the ability to fight through hard situations. At this point in time, Korea was under the control of Japan. They were forced to speak different languages, write different letters, and if they didn’t change their last names to Japanese last names, they weren’t permitted enough food to survive. Children were taken out of their houses and kidnapped to become “Comfort women”. They were slaves. Raped daily, kept in cells and beaten up. Japanese soldiers did obscene things similar to rape that I can’t put here because Mr. Moar is going to grade this, but this was not right in any way, and despite the brutal treatment, some still had hope for the country that helped their will to live. If the people of Korea would be empowered by a symbol of independence like the turtle ship, it could make them feel stronger and more together as a country. It was an efficient attack method, the soldiers could sail by, hit the coast with projectiles, then leave and they were protected.

I have heard the story of the Japanese colonization of Korea, and the harsh treatment all Koreans received, because it is forever embedded in my family history. My great grandma lived through this, and the Korean War. Her children(my grandma, and my great aunts and uncles) still keep our story alive. I am the 4th generation since this inhumane event. Pleasure women that survived are waiting for an apology from Japan, (Japan refuses to apologize or fully own up for what they did)

This invention is an important symbol of our past, something I am proud of. (Not the past, the invention). Without this ship, we wouldn’t have had an efficient way to fight back over seas, and this could have changed the course of the past, and the Korean people.

Citations

“The brutal history of Japan’s “Pleasure Women””, History.com, written by Erin Blakemore, 2-20-2018 https://www.history.com/news/comfort-women-japan-military-brothels-korea

“Turtle Ship”, Wikipedia, (can’t find a date or any of the authors) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turtle_ship

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Timothy Gilbert
Mayan ball game

The Mayans were a civilization of people in the 1400-1500, and like any civilization they had sports. for history night I am doing a Mayan ball court. I chose this project because it sounds cool and it sounds fun to build a 3D model of.
There wasn’t just one individual who invented this ball game historians think a civilization called the Olmec created this game around 2500 BCE. The ball game was important because “Mayans loved the game and everyone played at various times, but it also held deep religious, ritual meaning as well. For that reason, it was sometimes played just as a game, with lots of gambling on the teams. At other times, the game became spectacle and ritual, with the city rulers playing captive warriors in rigged, ritual games. The captives would lose the game and then be sacrificed.”
Another reason this ball game was important to the Mayans is “The winners of the game were treated as heroes and given a great feast. The penalty for losing a game was sometimes unusually harsh: death. The leader of the team who lost the game was sometimes killed.” I have had a chance to learn about this civilization. It’s a really cool civilization and ya I liked it.
So this is the invention thing I made as my history project. Without this invention in our world we probably wouldn’t have changed anything but ya
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Griots are very important because the have all the history and info on all the familys. If one dies than all the history is gone in less if he had a son

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The Aztecs were not the only people to use aqueducts but Chapultepec also used it around the 1400s. Baron and I have chosen this because this project we felt like we had memorized the most. The Aztecs made this in 312 BC. The first reason why the aqueducts were so important because it was used to transfer water. The second reason is to provide water for towns who are in need. We learned this in class and this was a useful thing to make sure everyone stays healthy and has water. The way water has changed throughout the decades is great for the environment. If this wasn’t invented, we wouldn’t be able to maintain a good water source.

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Emperor Liu Ling was emperor of China during part of the Han dynasty.

Heather Thomas says "As a minor, Lingdi’s court was ruled at first by a regent. During the early years, the regent, enlisting the help of government officials, tried unsuccessfully to remove the eunuchs from the court. The eunuchs were able to defend their positions at court, eventually winning their place at court by working with Emperor Lingdi and by having the regent commit suicide.The eunuchs became all powerful after this. They removed government officials by removing them or killing them." This quote means that the government officials tried to get rid of the eunuchs from the court, but they didn't succeed. Once the eunuchs sided with Emperor Ling they won their spot in the court and kicked the government officials out of court., giving the eunuchs all the power. Furthermore, Emperor Ling helped the eunuchs win over the court. Having emperor Ling on their side they were able to remove all government officials from the court, giving the eunuchs a lot of power. According to Jennifer Wilber, "Emperor Ling was said to have given his female pugs the same rank as his wives."  This quote means that Emperor Ling treated his female pugs with the same respect as his wives. In addition, Emperor Ling's servants have to treat Ling's dogs the same way as they treat the concubines. Heather Thomas states that, "The eunuchs, working with Emperor Lingdi, sold what before were hereditary titles to those who could afford to pay to receive them. Money, which before went directly into the central treasury, went instead into a private account for the emperor. This left the country vulnerable. Natural disasters continued to plague the empire. Famine and widespread poverty left many homeless and without food. The government provided no support as what little money was left in the central treasury was not provided to help the people." This quote shows that once the eunuchs took over the government, the tax money that once went into the government treasury now goes to Emperor Ling himself. The tax funds that were once used to feed the citizens and to help fix damages from natural disasters were no longer available. This caused the nation to go into poverty and left many homeless with no food. Overall, Emperor Ling negatively impacted China because of his poor decisions and putting himself before his nation. In conclusion, Emperor Liu Ling was emperor of China during part of the Han dynasty.

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Inca Suspension Bridge

Hello have you ever heard of a suspension bridge? I’m guessing that you have and I’m also willing to bet that you probably think that suspension bridges were invented by Europeans. If you thought that suspension bridges were invented by Europeans then you're wrong and I’m here to tell you about who really invented the suspension bridge. I chose to focus on suspension bridges because I was wondering when and how the suspension bridge was created. The Inca first used the suspension bridge at about the year 1300, the suspension bridge was invented in modern day Perú. This invention is still important because people use bridges to cross valleys and rivers. This invention was important to the Inca because they use messengers to deliver messages to other officials and the bridges made it so that instead of having to go down into a river or gorge and go back up they could just cross. I have had the chance to hear the story of the Inca, but I was excited to learn how the Inca traveled far distances. Without this invention the world wouldn’t be as connected because we would have to take a boat across a small river even if we had a car because we wouldn’t have bridges.

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Paragraph: The Kaaba is just one of many incredible inventions we learned about this year. I chose to make my history not project on the kaaba because it really stood out to me when we were learning about it in class. According to khanacademy.org ‘The Kaaba was a sanctuary in pre-Islamic times. Muslims believe that Abraham—known as Ibrahim in the Islamic tradition—and his son, Ismail, constructed the Kaaba,’. One reason why this invention was important is because it's really a religious place sort of like a church and it really lets us know all about The Islamic culture. It was also important because it became a place where many people would gather in a sort of Celebration. Getting a chance to learn about the Kabba in school I really thought it might be interesting if I could try to figure out a way to portray This intervention in a different way than just building a 3d model or making a comic strip. I really like art so I decided to make a painting of the Kaaba. Without This Invention there are so many things we would not know about our past and This unique Religion.

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What project I’m focusing on this year for History Night, is a chinese invention called “Printing”, there’s different kinds of printing from the chinese, but I tried to make “Movable Type Printing (metal, wood, other objects to print on)” or “Woodblock Printing (only use wood to print)” (both near the same), I did my printing using foam sheets, seened on the Google Slides.  I choose to focus on this specific project because I felt interested in this invention, printing,  I also like learning about the stuff the Chinese made from China. This person named “Bi Sheng” invented the first movable type printing. He invented this kind of printing around 1040 AD during the Song Dynasty in China. Around 1450, Johannes Gutenberg was the person to introduced and created the first Movable Type in Europe. Movable Type printing wasn’t the first type of printing, the chinese also created another kind of printing called “Woodblock Printing”, but woodblock printing was slower to print than the Movable Type printing. This invention was important because if they never invented printing, reading words can be more messier, now these days, printing is helpful for business and designing, without they may be printers in stores. Another why it’s important, because to communicate with each others printing and writing, and also to create art with movable type printing. When I started this year learning about Chinese inventions in online social studies class, first time I ever heard of “Movable Type Printing” and “Woodblock Printing”, that looks pretty fun. Without this invention printing, the world would have harder times communicating, struggle in writing, art, and no printers at home or offices.

“Movable Type.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 15 Apr. 2020, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Movable_type.

Tejada, Ross Albert. “Movable Type - the Very First Printer and a Brief Look at Its History.” Medium, Medium, 2 Dec. 2017, medium.com/@RossAlTejada/movable-type-the-very-first-printer-and-a-brief-look-at-its-history-4228bde57e9a.

IF YOU VIEWED THIS PLEASE HIT THE HEART BUTTON BELOW.

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The Colosseum became a symbol of power and majesty of the emperor, Rome and Roman society. Bert Bower says “The ruins of the Roman Colosseum, where gladiators fought for the entertainment of spectators, still stand in Rome today.” This quote means that they used the Colosseum for entertainment. This quote matters because it tells us why the Colosseum was built and used for. Wikipedia claims that the Colosseum “was the largest amphitheatre ever built at the time and held 50,000 to 80,000 spectators.”This quote means that the Colosseum was the biggest amphitheatre built at that time. This quote matters because it's a fact that probably most people didn’t know. Not a lot of places are the largest of its kind. Bert Bower says that the Colosseum was made from concrete, “Concrete is made by mixing broken stone with sand, cement, and water and allowing the mixture to harden. The Romans did not invent the material, but they were the first to make widespread use of it. The Romans also invented a new kind of stadium. These large, open-air structures sealed thousands of spectators. The Romans used concrete to build tunnels into the famous stadium in Rome, the Colosseum. The tunnels made it easy for spectators to reach their seats. Modern football stadiums still use this feature” This quote shows that it took a lot of work making the Colosseum. This quote matters because we can see how the Colosseum was made and know that it took many people to make it. Without a doubt, The Colosseum became a symbol of power and majesty of the emperor, Rome and Roman society.

Works Cited

Bower, Bert, and Jim Lobdell. The Medieval World and beyond. Student ed., Palo Alto, Teachers' Curriculum Institute, 2005.

"Colosseum." Wikipedia, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colosseum.

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My project is an animated version of the Mayan Chichen Itza pyramid. Chichen Itza is a complex of Mayan ruins on Mexico's Yucatán Peninsula. This pyramid is the huge Pyramid of Kukulcan, also known as the Castillo. It was in the Post Classic era in A.D. 900-1500. These Mayan ruins have many names it is called like “The Castle”. El Castillo has four sides, each with 91 stairs facing the top platform these stairs combined is 365 steps, just like the 365 days in a solar year. This pyramid has another smaller pyramid inside. This is a quick summary of Chichen Itza. In conclusion, this is a pyramid the Mayans made that has many different details and meanings

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Chinese technology earthquake detector

The invention that we will be talking about is the earthquake detector.but before u may leave i wanna talk about how this worked because u probably never knew it was a thing created back then.A guy named zhang heng he made this invention around 130 ad it was used to determine if an earthquake was near them.It was used in china than in 10+ years spreaded to europe and other place.it was important because it was created by chinese fist and because it was an ancient artifact and it also is the history of china.It also shows that  maybe the chinese were at least ready for the earthquake.well i never heard stories the only things i have heard are just facts about how they made most of the inventions and were more advanced that the other places.this was interesting to me because i didn't think this was an actual invention that was created especially by the chinese back then.I think without this the chinese and other places wouldn't have live through some earthquakes because earthquakes could be really bad.It also would not be part of the history and its good because we get to learn about the past and how things have evolved to this day.Now we determine thar earthquakes will happen by the tectonic plates.But we dont know when it will happen though.

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The Pantheon of Rome is one of the most preserved and influential in Rome.The Pantheon of Rome was made in A.D118,in the building only gods of pagan live there.Back in the days all the gods used the temple as a church.This days now people still used it as a temple.They have built a new one because the original got destroyed and they made a new one.

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Mansa Musa reign is 1312-1337.He die in 1337 when he was around 56-57.He became the first west Africa ruler.Musa conquered 24 city’s.He May have the largest gold in the world.Which it means he might be the richest person in the world over time.

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Evan Yee - Ancient Chinese Dragon Rocket

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Evan Yee - Ancient Chinese Dragon Rocket

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The Ancient Chinese Dragon Rocket, also known as Huo Long Chu Shui, was discovered in the 14th century by Jiao Yu and Liu Bowen. It was used in naval battles to fire at enemy ships back then. This thing represents the Chinese army which I have not learned about before. Five feet was how long the rocket was and the front and rear end each had four rockets with gunpowder to launch the rocket forward. Fuses in the dragon’s belly would ignite the rockets in the rear end if the outside rockets nearly burnt out. The arrow rockets in the rear end of the rocket ignite and shoot out of the rocket’s mouth which is powered by gunpowder. It’s considered a two-stage rocket that could be used on land or sea that has a booster rocket which burns out to send out a pack of smaller rockets from the dragon’s belly.

Citation:
Manier, Simeon. “Huo Long Chu Shui.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 29 Apr. 2020, en. Wikipedia.org/wiki/Huolongch shui. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huolongchushui

Slides:
https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1SeqKLelTdZ5Dqo2zs_w9a-3HkZrlbfgJDatFOv8lxg/edit#slide=id.gc6f972163_0_0

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Ethan Yap, The Great mosque of Mecca (Mecca in general)

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Ethan Yap, The Great mosque of Mecca (Mecca in general)

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Mecca is an important place to a lot of Islamic people, the city of Mecca is the holder of one of the most popular mosque in the world. Holding millions of believers every year, without The Great Mosque of Mecca a lot of Islamic people could end up losing their belief to the Islamic religion. Without having to elucidate I can already tell this place is important. Brittanica Encyclopedia claims “Much economic development of Mecca was made possible starting in the 20th century by the Saudi Arabian petroleum-based economy. The surrounding areas of the Great Mosque were cleared, and sanitation and housing were improved. Streets were widened, and underground walkways were constructed for better movement of traffic. To the south of the mosque, the Saudi government built the Abraj al-Bayt skyscraper complex, completed in 2012, to house hotels, shopping centers, and prayer areas near the holy sites. It is one of the largest and tallest buildings in the world. The central clock tower (including its spire) rises to a height of 1,972 feet (601 meters). The Abraj al-Bayt complex has approximately 16 million square feet (1.5 million square meters) of floor space.” This quote tells us how the city of Mecca was built, without Mecca there would be no Great Mosque of Mecca. Mecca is the most important part of the mosque. This makes Mecca more important than the mosque, the mosque is mediocre sized but it still can maintain a high amount of prayers every year. Without The Great Mosque of Mecca or without Mecca believers wouldn’t have a place to go every year to pray. Mecca is one of the biggest parts in Islamic religion. In conclusion, without The Great Mosque of Mecca the millions of believers and the Islamic religion would end up being affected the most, believers would be devastated that the mosques is gone and would need a new area to build another mosque that would have a big impact on Islamic religion worshipers, even if you were to make another mosque just as good it would never be the same.

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My project is about the Great Wall of China and its history. I chose to do this project because I already knew a little about the Great Wall so I thought it would be easier to research for my timeline. The Great Wall was constructed around the 7th century B.C and even though the Chu state built the first wall, it was under the Qin dynasty that the first major project on the wall began. The wall was used to protect against nomadic tribes attacking their cities in the north. And it was used to protect the Silk Road from attack. I remember learning about the Qin dynasty in 6th Social studies and how it was ruled by the first emperor of China. And I also remember that China had fought in many wars in its history. Without this invention, the world would probably have been changed because maybe northern China wouldn’t be able to develop like it did, with the wall due to invaders.

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Machu Picchu was an impressive religious city in Peru masterfully created by the Inca.

Bert Bower, the author of The Medieval World and Beyond, says, “Machu Picchu was a religious center of the Inca Empire.” This quote means that Machu Picchu was used by the Inca for religious purposes. This quote supports the claim that Machu Picchu was a religious city built by the Inca.

The website Gale claims, “A unique element in the construction of Machu Picchu is a masonry technique called ashlar… Ashlar construction provided for remarkably stable buildings that, for the most part, have survived intact to the present day.” This quote shows that Machu Picchu was built using very special methods to help preserve it. This quote reveals that the construction of the city was important because it caused Machu Picchu to be very stable and to remain intact long into the future.

According to Britannica School, Machu Picchu has “dozens of stepped agricultural terraces formerly watered by an aqueduct system” as well as “walkways and thousands of steps...” This quote is just one example of how Machu Picchu’s layout and preservation are amazing. This quote matters because it shows that Machu Picchu is impressive. Even though it was built hundreds and hundreds of years ago, it still has many amazing features. It also shows that the architecture and design of the city are impressive.

As you can now see, Machu Picchu was an impressive city built by the Inca for religious purposes.

Works Cited

Bower, Bert, and Jim Lobdell. The Medieval World and Beyond. Student ed., Palo Alto, Teachers' Curriculum Institute, 2005.

"Machu Picchu." Britannica School, Encyclopædia Britannica, 28 Aug. 2019. school.eb.com/levels/high/article/Machu-Picchu/49747. Accessed 13 May. 2020.

"Machu Picchu Is Built: 1400–1450." Global Events: Milestone Events Throughout History, edited by Jennifer Stock, vol. 3: Central and South America, Gale, 2014. Gale In Context: High School, https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/HFSSXU769596792/SUIC?u=san6957&sid=SUIC&xid=e4ef43f2. Accessed 13 May 2020.

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Jessye Ngai - Mansa Musa History Night Project 

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Jessye Ngai - Mansa Musa History Night Project 

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Paragraph : Mansa Musa was an important ruler of Mali. Bert Bower says “In 1312, a new leader. Mansa Musa took over in Mali. He became the first West African ruler to practice Islam devoutly. Under  his rule, Mali became a major crossroad of the Islamic world.” This quote is an example of how Mansa Musa was known for the money he had , and made , but also the deals , and  business that were in Mali. From all we know , he was an important ruler of past in West Africa , and is mostly known for his money now in our history books. What I do wonder is who are his present family members now that might still be holding the money he earned from his life pasted down .

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The Ka'ba is and important place considered Islam’s holiest site. Robert H. Griffin says “Arab Muslims believe the Kaaba was built by one of their ancestors, Abraham, many centuries before Muhammad was born in 608 CE, and it is made of gray stone and marble.”This quote means that Muslim tradition holds that hundreds of years before Muhammad circa 608 CE Abraham built the Ka’ba which is made of gray stone and marble. This quote supports the fact that the Ka’ba is a holy place to Islam because it was built by Abraham, known as prophet and messenger of God in Islam.

Furthermore, Jim Lobdell says “The Ka'ba, a cube-shaped shrine, was said to have been built by Abraham for God centuries before. The pilgrims circle the Ka'ba seven times, which is a ritual mentioned in the Qur'an.” This quote shows that Abraham built the Ka'ba as a holy place to honor God hundreds of years ago, and Muslims who go on their pilgrimage to Mecca circle it seven times, which is a ritual in the Qur'an. This quote reveals that the Ka'ba is an ancient shrine where Muslims who perform Hajj which is the fifth pillar of Islam circle it seven times.

In addition, Ann H. Shurgin claims “When Muslims throughout the world pray, no matter where they are, they face toward Mecca and the Kaaba. Many people who came to Mecca to trade believed in numerous gods and worshiped them at the Kaaba, an ancient building shaped like a cube, and when Muhammad reached the Kaaba, he destroyed the shrines to the many gods, but he kissed the black stone, probably a meteorite, and it became a holy place for all Muslims.” This quote means that the Kaaba was a place of worship for many gods, but it became a holy place for all Muslims when Muhammad destroyed the shrines to other gods and kissed the black stone which is probably a meteorite, and wherever Muslims pray they always face toward Mecca and the Kaaba. This quote reveals the Kaaba was not considered an important place by only Muslims, but by many other people until Muhammad destroyed the shrines to other gods and it became a holy place to Islam so important that when Muslims pray they face toward the city of  Mecca and the Kaaba. Clearly, the Ka'ba is and important place and Islam’s holiest site.

Works Cited

Bower, Bert, and Jim Lobdell. The Medieval World and beyond. Student ed., Palo Alto, Teachers' Curriculum Institute, 2005.

"Great Mosque of Mecca." Britannica School, Encyclopædia Britannica, by Robert H. Griffin. 15 Mar. 2018.

school.eb.com/levels/middle/article/Great-Mosque-of-Mecca/609606. Accessed 13 May. 2020.

"Ramadan and Id al-Fitr." Junior Worldmark Encyclopedia of World Holidays, by Ann H. Shurgin, vol. 4, UXL, 2000, pp. 403-419. Gale In Context: High School, https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/CX3426100082/SUIC?u=san6957&sid=SUIC&xid=ee42a094. Accessed 13 May 2020.

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The Colosseum is an important place of Rome. Bert Bower claims "The ruins of the Roman Colosseum, where gladiators fought for the entertainment of spectators, still stand in Rome today." This quote shows the use of the Colosseum was to entertain people with gladiators fighting each other for the spectators. This shows the Colosseum was a place where gladiators fought for the entertainment of spectators watching. The Britannica School argues "The amphitheater seated some 50,000 spectators, who were shielded from the sun by a massive retractable velarium (awning). The Colosseum was the scene of thousands of hand-to-hand combats between gladiators, of contests between men and animals, and of many larger combats, including mock naval engagements." This quote means that the Colosseum had the max capacity of 50,000 spectators or people. Gladiators were brave enough to do hand-to-hand combat with each other. This shows the Colosseum was built for a bunch of people and a space for gladiators to fight. The Britannica School says "The Colosseum was constructed with several different materials: wood, limestone, tuff, tiles, cement, and mortar. Construction of the Colosseum began under the rule of Vespasian in around 70–72 AD (73–75 AD according to some sources). The Colosseum and the buildings of the Forum were later wrecked by vandals as well as by fires and earthquakes." This quote shows the Colosseum was built with many materials making it strong and giant for spectators to fit. But later it was wrecked by fires and earthquakes. This quote reveals the Colosseum was built with many sources under construction to entertain spectators. Clearly, the Colosseum is an important place of Rome.

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Mansa Musa lived a very exciting life, and changed many people’s lives. Bert Bower claims “The early leaders of Mali accepted Islam, but they did not follow all of it’s teachings.In 1312, a new leader, Mansa Musa, took over Mali. He became the first West African ruler to practice Islam devoutly.” ( Bower ) This quote means that the leaders of Mali had accepted Islam, although they didn’t follow its teachings. A brand new leader, named Mansa Musa, took over Mali. He was the first West African ruler to practice Islam in a devout way. This fits with my topic because it shows when Mansa Musa became a ruler in Mali. It also fits with my topic because it shows he was a ruler, and he did other things besides just being rich. Britannica school claims that “Mansa Musa also supported learning and the arts. Scholars interested in history, Islamic theology, and law made Timbuktu’s Sankore mosque a teaching center.” ( Britannica ) This quote shows how the ruler Mansa Musa supported arts and learning. Different scholars who were interested in Islamic theology, history, and a law made Timbuktu’s Sankore mosque a center to teach. This fits with what I know because it shows not only did he encourage learning, but he also encouraged people to make teaching centers. Britannica school states that “In the early 14th century, under the rule of the emperor (mansa) Musa, the Mali Empire reached its height, stretching from the Atlantic Ocean to the city of Gao in the east. It encompassed the city of Timbuktu, which grew famous both as a trading center and as a showcase of Islamic culture. The renown of the lavish empire—the first great Muslim state in the Sudan region—spread throughout the Muslim world and in Europe when Mansa Musa made a spectacular royal pilgrimage to Mecca, via Egypt, in 1324. Leading a caravan of 60,000 subjects and 80 camels loaded with gold, Mansa Musa touched off a grand celebration upon his arrival in Cairo.” ( Britannica ) This quote means that In the 14th century, under the rule of Mansa Musa, the Mali empire reached its tip, going along from the Atlantic Ocean all the way to the city of Gao in the east. It was surrounded around the city Timbuktu, which started to become famous as a trading center and also for showcasing Islamic culture. The fame of the lavish empire—the first and great Muslim state in the Sudan region— spread throughout Europe and the Muslim world when Mansa Musa made an amazing, royal pilgrimage all the way to Mecca through Egypt, in the year 1334. Leading a group of 60,000 people and 80 camels, all with a ton gold, Mansa Musa threw a huge celebration when he arrived in Cairo.” This fits with my topic because it shows he had a lot of wealth. And how they began to get his wealth by trading, with the help of a lot of people. As you can now see, Mansa Musa lived a very exciting life, and changed many people’s lives.

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The Vikings played a major role in Northern Europe. How did Vikings affect their culture/civilization/the world?  According to Bert Bower “Vikings were Norse people primarily from southern Scandinavia, who from 793 A.D to 1100, raided and traded from their Northern European homelands across wide areas of Europe, and explored westwards to Iceland, Greenland, and Vinland.” This means vikings had raided and traded across their homelands Europe, and west to Iceland, Greenland, and Vinland through 793 A.D to 1100.This shows that vikings were raiders and traders who traveled across the world from 793 A.D to 1100. What important role did Vikings play? Encyclopædia Britannica explains “Weapons indicated the social status of a Viking, and warfare and violence were heavily influenced by pagan religious beliefs. The Vikings were famous for sailing huge distances from their home in Scandinavia between AD 800 and 1066 to raid and plunder, but they also traded with people from other countries.” This is telling us that like with us we see other people with a lot of wealth as high social status. And in the vikings case its indication of high status is weapons. And their violence was influenced by their religious beliefs. And they were known for their ships, and trading. This shows Viking's violence was influenced by religion. And known for their sailing, raiding, and trading between around 800 A.D and 1066. How did Vikings affect their culture/civilization/the world? Encyclopædia Britannica claims“As the Vikings conquered and discovered place after place they left a large impact on the economy of that particular location. They changed the European economy, developed market towns and implemented the concept of currency. And Vikings were able to create an extensive trade network that extended to all parts of the known world. Their expertise at navigating the rivers of Europe and Asia opened trade in Eastern lands as far east as India and China.” This is showing us that everywhere the vikings have gone to leave a big impact on the economy in that place. They have developed many markets and made the concept of currency. And they have made many trade networks all over the world. This is telling us Vikings left an impact wherever they went, and developed many markets, the concept of currency, and have made many trade routes all over the world that impacted us today. Now finally you can see that the Vikings played a major role in Northern Europe.

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Cathedral of Notre Dame - Sofie Godfredsen 

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Cathedral of Notre Dame - Sofie Godfredsen 

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The Cathedral of Notre Dame is a very important building. Jesslyn Shields states, “Notre Dame was built during a time when architects were pushing technology to its limits in the quest to make a taller building with thinner walls and more windows.” The Cathedral of Notre Dame is not only impressive for the technology they had at the time, but also how it advanced the technology for the future. This shows the architectural importance of the Cathedral and how it changes how we craft our buildings. MHz choice claims, “The Roman cathedral, built between the 10th and 12th centuries, is used as a place of worship.” This means over the centuries people have gathered to this beautiful building to worship and pray. Notre Dame matters because people come to celebrate their religion, which can be a very important part of their lives, and the Cathedral can serve them that purpose. According to Jesslyn Shields, “Over time they figured out that the way to support Notre Dame's enormous, spectacular stained glass windows and 115-foot (35-meter) ceiling was to add flying buttresses to keep the walls from flopping outward.” This shows the importance of the Cathedral, and how big of a feat it was to make. The Cathedral of Notre Dame is a very important building for its architectural importance and how it shapes our world today.

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I decided to focus on the paddlewheel boat from China. I chose this topic because It looked interesting. There is no specific person who invented/created the paddlewheel boat. The Song Dynasty were the first people to create this boat. Before it was used for making boats faster for battling, trading, and transportation. Now it is only used for transportation itself. I learned some Chinese inventions in 6th grade (I think). I think they specially made it so that we learn all the topics based on the same grade so we understand it more. Without this invention, transportation/travel back in the days would be way slower.

I can't do the pics cause no storage ;-;.

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Collin Everitt-Boland History night project

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Collin Everitt-Boland History night project

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Paragraph: Samurai were an important part of medieval japan. Who were the samurai. Bert bower claims “A powerful warrior class in Japan: The samurai.” This quote shows Samurais were powerful warriors with a high social status.This quote matters because Samurais were honorable warriors who were an important part of medieval japan. What important role did this group play? Bert bower states “Samurai were fierce warriors who shaped much of life and warfare in ancient and medieval Japan.” This quote means that Samurai were fearsome warriors who shaped warfare and life in medieval and ancient japan. This means that the samurai were a warrior class in japan that helped shape the warfare and life of medieval and ancient japan. How did this group affect their culture/civilization/the world. Bert bower says “The Japanese who fought in World War II stayed true to the warrior code. Many soldiers killed themselves rather than surrender. Suicide pilots crashed planes loaded with explosives into enemy battleships. These pilots were called kamikazes (divine winds) after the storms that helped destroy an invading fleet in the 13th century.” This quote shows that The Japanese who fought in world war 2 upheld samurai values. This shows that samurai had an impact on today’s world. Clearly, samurai were an important part of medieval and ancient japan. Citations:Bower, Bert, and Jim Lobdell. The Medieval World and beyond. Student ed., Palo Alto, Teachers' Curriculum Institute, 2005. White, David. "Samurai: Japan's Fierce Warriors." Proquest SIRS Discover, 12
Sept. 2016, explore.proquest.com/sirsdiscoverer/document/
2250240190?searchid=1589567036&accountid=136122#undefined. Accessed 15 May
2020.

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The Trojan war was fought in 1260 BC – 1180 BC. It was a War between the Greeks and the people of Troy. The war was fought because the Trojan prince Paris, abducted Helen , wife of Menelaus of Sparta. When Menelaus demanded her return, the Trojans refused. Menelaus then persuaded his brother Agamemnon to lead an army against Troy. A famous time in the Trojan war was when the Greeks built a huge hollow horse to gain access into Troy, Turkey. SO for my  for my history night Project I sketched what the trojan horse would look like.

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My history night project is focused on the achievement of tea by the Chinese. I chose to focus on tea because it is the most consumed liquid after water in the world. Approximately 2 billion people drink tea a day. Tea is believed to come from the Yunnan province which is south of China bordering Vietnam and Myanmar. There is no specific person who invented tea but one myth says while the emperor Shen Nung had a pot of boiling water, dried leaves from the tree he was sitting under blew into his hot water. This happened during the Shang dynasty. This achievement is important because many people drink tea everyday. Another reason tea is important is because tea has healing properties and antioxidants which can help your body. In conclusion, without tea the world would not be able to be like it is today because it is indulged by many people, it can help your body, and make you feel calm and relaxed. This is my google slides explaining what I did for my project.

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NATALIE NG - Mr. Moar History Night Project Photos

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I worked with Andrew Huynh for this project. This project is about the Great Wall of China Timeline and how it started. It took use a week to finish and another week to adjust everything. We were going to do Minecraft first but that didn’t work out so we just did the timeline.
Paragraph: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1yd-Vt13nboi-kMqpHltGdBaKBYJC_dgQJjpVSTF5BzA/edit

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This is the paragraph I wrote for history night. Secretly, it is just a message that says you all rock. I hope you enjoyed our time together this year and maybe learned something too. My favorite parts of this year were the times when we did research on the chromebooks in class as well as the times we had whole class games. I hope you all stay in contact with each other over summer and I hope to see you all soon!