# data[].attributes.body
Physical Development:
* Energetic and active and need time for running, jumping, climbing, and dancing.
* Visual focus is on faraway objects

Social and Emotional Development
* Love working with others and can learn basic turn-talking skills
* Slight independence beings
Communication Development

* Imaginative - loves dress up and exploring new language
* VERY talkative
Cognitive Development
*  Learn best my moving large muscles (playing with blocks)
* Desire for responsibility begins
* Very observant of environment
Learning
*  Learn to read best by being read to
* Start to develop handwriting through scribbles
* Benefit from hands on experiences with manipulatives and jobs to practice math skills like counting.

# data[].attributes.body
Physical Development:
* Visual focus is on objects close at hand
* Ready to begin learning manuscript printing.
Social and Emotional Development
* Need consistent routines
* Can sit and work at quiet activites for 15-20 min at a time
Communication Development
* More complex in imaginative expressions
* Use and interpret words in their literal or most basic sense.
* Like to explain things and have things explained to them.
Cognitive Development
* Slight sense of time starts to develop
* Learn best and express through through active play, repetition, copying, and hands on exploration.
* Think intuitively rather than logically
* Only sees one way of doing things.
Learning
* Learn to read through partner reading/being read to and reading predictable books with few words.
* Writing begins in the form of one or two words and letters.
* Start to understand simple math equations.

# data[].attributes.body
Physical Development
* More aware of small movements and fingers as tools.
*  Work in spurts and tire easily
* Can write but space and staying on the line is difficult.
Social and Emotional Development
* Increased desire for responsibility
* Ambitious and anxious to do well
* Friendships start developing and become very important.
Communication Development
* Love games that class can all engage in
* Boisterous and enthusiastic language use
Cognitive Development
* Better understanding of time (past and present, long ago and faraway)
* Comfortable with a busy level of noise and activity.
Learning
* Continue to read few worded/predictable books but can begin to move on to easy chapter books.
* Spelling and writing continue to improves and they develop the proper grasp for the pencil.
* Can do basic computation with money and mental math, and begin to do a lot of measuring.

# data[].attributes.body
Physical Development
* Improved coordination of fine motor skills
* Works with head down, often closing or covering ones eye
* Sensitive to many physical and psychosomatic hurts .
Social and Emotional Development
* Inward looking and sensitive to others feelings (empathetic)
* Prefer working or playing alone (or with only one friend)
* Conscientious and serious about their schoolwork. Worry about school work may start.
Communication Development
* Listen well and speak precisely
*  Rapidly develop their vocabulary
Cognitive Development
* Weekly spelling and vocab tests become enjoyable for most students.
* Like to review learning verbally or frequently touch base in other ways with their teacher.
Learning
* Can begin to do individual reading as they have greater reading strength at this age.
* Correct spelling starts to emerge as they begin to write longer stories but the size of the letters is often microscopic.

# data[].attributes.body
Physical Development
* Growth spurts begin
* Eyes focus well on objects near and far
* Better control of hands (can start learning cursive)
Social and Emotional Development
* Love to share humor
* Form larger friend groups and work best in groups
* Growing sense of moral responsibility
Communication Development
* Vocab continues to expand rapidly
* Able to pay attention but need reminded what they are supposed to be doing.
Cognitive Development
* Beginning to master handcrafts, computers and drawings.
* Start to care about both process and product of schoolwork.
* Start to show increasing interest in rules, logic, and how things are put together.
Learning:
* Begin doing simple independent assignments and projects that allow them to be experts on a topic,
* Increasing ability to spell correctly
* Begins to solve math problems using all 4 operations as well as borrowing and carrying and begin looking at geometric shapes.

# data[].attributes.body
Physical Development
* Much better with fine motor control (can do detailed drawings)
* Better coordination is evident in almost all physical activity
* May start biting nails, twisting hair, or purse lips to relieve tension.
Social and Emotional Development
* Often feel worried or anxious
* Impatient and easily frustrated
* Has a sense of "cliques" in the classroom.
Communication Development
* Enjoy exaggeration, inappropriate jokes, and graffiti
* Love descriptive language
Cognitive Development:
* Industrious and intellectually curious (less imaginative)
* Reading to learn instead of learning to read.
* Beginning to be more aware.
Learning
* Begin to be able to do research assignments and use of related reading material
* Begin to understand the process of first draft and revision when it comes to writing and spelling keeps improving with the use of a dictionary.
* Begin to work with word problems and learn about decimals.

# data[].attributes.body
Physical Development:
* Control of small muscles continue to improve (interest in tracing, copying, making maps, and drawing.)
* Ready to start using tools (compasses, protractors, rulers)
Social and Emotional Development:
* Quick to anger and forgive
* Highly sensitive to and able to resolve friendship and fairness issues.
* Benefit from class problem solving
Communication Development:
* Listen well (can appreciate others perspectives)
* Read voraciously
Cognitive Development:
* Can concentrate for long periods
* Can pay attention to spelling, diction and penmanship simultaneously. (may be sloppy)
* Increasingly able to think abstractly.
Learning
* Begin to read, memorize, and recite poetry and begin to enjoy comic books
* Begin to memorize the spelling of difficult words and using the properly spelled words in day to day writing.
* Master multiplication tables and begin to do double digit division.

# data[].attributes.body
Physical Development:
* Girls may experience early adolescence growth spurt/sexual maturation.
* Some boy begin rapidly growing taller.
Social and Emotional Development:
* Need a reasonable amount of time to work with peers
* Need adult empathy, humor and sensitivity to help them cope with their maturing minds and bodies.
* Inclusion/exclusion issues are large (tend to me moody, self absorbed and sensitive)
Cognitive Development:
* Would rather learn new things that review old work
* Have trouble making decisions and are defensive about mistakes.
* Enjoy the challenge of hard work
Ethical and Self-direction Development :
* Increasingly able to see the world from other points of view and perspectives of other cultures.
* Like to challenge rules, argue, and test limits.
Learning
* Begin to take on week long learning assignments and read more non fiction books like biographies and scientific books
* Spelling begins to come with ease and accuracy for some and writing is more adult like in plot.
* Begin to solve more complicated word problems and work with percentages.

# data[].attributes.body
Physical Development:
* Continued growth spurts
* Stay up late then want to sleep late (might have trouble getting to school on time)
Social and Emotional Development:
* Adult personality begins to emerge
* Capable of self awareness and more tolerable and reasonable.
* Care more about peers opinions than teachers or parents.
Cognitive Development:
* May begin to excel at a subject or skill
* Start appreciating the need to organize, plan and set short term goals.
Ethical and Self-direction Development:
* Able to see both sides but likes to argue one point of view
* Both playful and serious (capable of serious discussions)
Learning:
* Begin to read trilogies and book series and learn more complex research skills and start to get better at revising.
* Begin pre algebra and start to use math as a tool to understand science.

# data[].attributes.body
Physical Development:
* Skin problems start to become common (hygiene becomes more important)
* Most girls are menstruating/ most boys are showing first signs of puberty
*Health and sex ed classes
Social and Emotional Development:
* Pay very close attention to peers (whats in and whats out)
* Often quieter and more secretive.
* Girls focus on cliques/boys tend to travel in small groups.
Cognitive Development:
* Tentative, worried, and unwilling to take risks on tough intellectual tasks.
* Makes assumptions and develops hypotheses.
Ethical and Self-direction Development:
* Like to challenge intellectual and social authority for the sake of argument
*  Can think globally (concerned about social justice issues but mean to each other)
Learning
* Begin to read fiction and non fiction books involving social issues and extensively study literary elements.
* Able to tell the difference between critique and personal criticism in their writing and begin to structure short expository essays.
* Begin learning more sophisticated algebra

# data[].attributes.body
Physical Development:
* Girls are almost fully developed
* Boys continue to grow and their upper body strength begins to develop.
* Both boys and girls are more interested in sex. (Some are sexually active)
Social and Emotional Development:
* Learn well in small discussion or cooperative learning groups
* Are in the "know it all" stage
* Faces and body language starts to express "contempt"
Cognitive Development:
* Intrigued by research and putting together research reports
* Better at figuring out cause and effect
Ethical and Self-direction Development:
* More willing to admit error
* Very aware of problems in the larger world.
* Peer pressure is more more prevalent.
Learning:
* Begin to use literary themes to support their quest for identity and express their understanding between fact and opinion..
* Begin to gain an interest in choosing their own genres to represent their ideas and experimentation with different voices and begin use of conventional footnotes.
* Begin to read and use graphs, solve algebraic and word problems with one or more unknown, and study formal algebra.