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http://ic.galegroup.com/ic/whic/MagazinesDetailsPage/MagazinesDetailsWindow?disableHighlighting=false&displayGroupName=Magazines&currPage=&scanId=&query=&source=&prodId=WHIC&search_within_results=&p=WHIC%3AUHIC&mode=view&catId=&u=mlin_m_msweston&limiter=&display-query=&displayGroups=&contentModules=&action=e&sortBy=&documentId=GALE%7CA250579439&windowstate=normal&activityType=&failOverType=&commentary=

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tried to remove from power the representatives of the northwestern aristocracy (2)

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to consolidate her power, 657 Wu designated Luoyang as a second capital (2)

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http://ic.galegroup.com/ic/whic/BiographiesDetailsPage/BiographiesDetailsWindow?disableHighlighting=false&displayGroupName=Biographies&currPage=&scanId=&query=&source=&prodId=WHIC&search_within_results=&p=WHIC%3AUHIC&mode=view&catId=&u=mlin_m_msweston&limiter=&display-query=&displayGroups=&contentModules=&action=e&sortBy=&documentId=GALE%7CCX3035200168&windowstate=normal&activityType=&failOverType=&commentary=

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"challenged the patriarchal system by advocating women’s intellectual development and sexual freedom" (3)

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held civil service examinations to fill government positions (2)

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she ordered all artists to restore all the old paintings to exactly how they were before, art was an important aspect, many of the paintings had Buddhist aspects(2)

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killed those who opposed her and promoted those who supported her (2)

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http://ic.galegroup.com/ic/whic/BiographiesDetailsPage/BiographiesDetailsWindow?disableHighlighting=false&displayGroupName=Biographies&currPage=&scanId=&query=&source=&prodId=WHIC&search_within_results=&p=WHIC%3AUHIC&mode=view&catId=&u=mlin_m_msweston&limiter=&display-query=&displayGroups=&contentModules=&action=e&sortBy=&documentId=GALE%7CK1631007627&windowstate=normal&activityType=&failOverType=&commentary=

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promoted Buddhism during her rule, reigned as "Divine Empress Who Rules the Universe" thats a Buddhist title (2)

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died December 16??? (2)

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ruled for about half a century  (1)

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February of 705, she was really weak, so her chief chancellor, Zhang Jian-zhi led a palace coup to pur Zhong Zong (Li Xean) back into power, she submitted and died that November (1)

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"Attentive to those who excelled in examinations, she promoted many talented men to key posts and gave strong backing to the honest and upright officials in her government. Many wise and brilliant men strove to enter her service, and under her administration the economy enjoyed steady development, the population grew from 3.8 million households to 6.15 million, and her troops won signal victories in the war against Turk, Tu-bo, and Khitan."  (1)

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fall 690, became the first female empress under name Wu Zhao and Tang was replaced with Zhou, continued rule for 15 more years (1)

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688 Buddhist 'prophecy' was discovered "A sage mother will befall and her imperium will be prosperous forever." (Empress Wu) (1)

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wanting to rule with herself as the emperor, drew together supporters in a campaign to win widespread popularity, help was given to the poor, corrupted officials were kicked out (1)

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armed rebellion against Empress Wu began in 686 but collapsed after about three months, years later there were similar attempts but they were shut down (1)

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later was dethroned by his mother and replaced by younger brother Li Dan (Rui Zong) (1)

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683 Gao Zong died, 3rd son, Li Xean (Tang Zhong Zong) took over, but was weak so Empress Wu continued (1)

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680 Li Xian, second son charged with preparing a coup and was banished to a remote area  (1)

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http://ic.galegroup.com/ic/whic/BiographiesDetailsPage/BiographiesDetailsWindow?disableHighlighting=false&displayGroupName=Biographies&currPage=&scanId=&query=&source=&prodId=WHIC&search_within_results=&p=WHIC%3AUHIC&mode=view&catId=&u=mlin_m_msweston&limiter=&display-query=&displayGroups=&contentModules=&action=e&sortBy=&documentId=GALE%7CK1616000638&windowstate=normal&activityType=&failOverType=&commentary=

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675 Li Hong, her eldest son died, he had a disagreement with his mother so many think she killed him (1)

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created 12-point program of reform, it encouraged agricultural production, reduced taxes + labor services, decreased military operations, created opportunities for reform of government, promoted long serving officials, and increased official salaries,  it was popular with many social groups  (1)

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674 created holy titles of 'Heavenly Empress' and 'Heavenly Emperor' for herself and husband (1)

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as Gao Zong weakened, she grew stronger, taking over affairs of state and involved in the formulation of all new policies (1)

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transferred statesmen who opposed her and tormented the former empress (1)

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R U T H L E S S

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654 Wu had a daughter, and when the empress was playing with her, Wu strangled the baby, framing the empress, and Wu became the empress (1)

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Gao Zong married another woman but later visited the temple where Wu was living and they romanced, later entered the palace for the second time, the empress had no children and Wu had a huge influence over the emperor, did not change empresses though bc it was a huge deal  (1)

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June that year Li Zhi (also Gao Zong??)  took over and became 3rd emperor of the Tang Dynasty, some concubines left the palace, Wu Ze Tian being one of them, shaved head and entered Buddhist temple as a nun  (1)

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649 ninth son of Tai Zong, heir probably became attracted to Empress Wu (1)

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stories suggest she was really ruthless, using an iron whip, a mace, and a dagger to tame a horse (1)

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14 years old when summoned to live in Emperor Tai Zong's palace to be concubine  (1)

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HISTORICAL CONTEXT:
lived during the medieval period of Chinese history, people were influenced by Confucian ideology, women held in low esteem, them participating in public affairs was looked down on  (1)

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was born in 624 in Yang Zhou, family wealthy and had connections (1)

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widowed empress of Tang Gao Zong -  third emperor of the Tang Dynasty (1)

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only recorded female emperor that suppressed all of her political opponents (1)