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1.       What is e-procurement

E-procurement (electronic procurement, sometimes also known as supplier exchange) is the business-to-business or business-to-consumer or business-to-government purchase and sale of supplies, work, and services through the Internet as well as other information and networking systems, such as electronic data interchange and enterprise resource planning.

2.       What is e-tendering. What is it advantages and disadvantages

e-tendering is an internet based process where in the complete tendering process; from advertising to receiving and submitting tender-related information are done online. This enables firms to be more efficient as paper-based transactions are reduced or eliminated, facilitating for a more speedy exchange of information.

I.            Advantages

E- tendering is useful because it guides you through a very structured process. Unlike conventional tendering, e-tendering takes you step by step through the tender and sometimes you even have to complete one part before you can progress to the next. Even if that is not the case, the e-tendering system will be divided into discrete sections and usually an e-tender will have very prescriptive questions so it will be easier to give the client the response they are looking for.

With the layout and the questions clearly stated you do not have to worry about format or form and no one has any advantages because of their flair for design.

I also believe that e-tendering goes some way to levelling the playing field, everyone is answering the same questions and often within a set word limit so it should be much easier for the evaluator to reach an objective decision with an e-tender than a conventional tender.

An e-tender usually has some fool proofing to it. So you cannot submit an e-tender unless you have completed mandatory sections or at the very least it will warn you that you have not attached the documents. This means it is almost impossible to submit a non compliant bid.

Using an e-tendering portal (e-portal) also means that it is much easier to pick up where you left off some e tendering portals even have a percentage telling you much you have submitted

II.            Disadvantages

1.       The website can crash

2.       Your computer can shut down or your desktop may be affected by      a power cut

3.        Your internet connection may suddenly go down

4.       Your time on the e-tendering site may time out

3.       What is e-learning. What are the issues associated with e-learning.

ü  E-Learning is learning utilizing electronic technologies to access educational curriculum

outside of a traditional classroom.  In most cases, it refers to a course, program or

degree delivered completely online

ü  issues associated with e-learning

·         Adaptability Struggle.

·         Technical Issues.

·         Time Management

4.       What are the approaches used in marketing and advertising.

·         Direct Community Interaction With Stakeholders

·         Top-Down Influence Approaches

·         The Groundswell

·         Flanking Techniques

5. what the advantages and disadvantages of market research in emarket

Advantages

I.            Extremely low risk

II.            Reduction in costs through automation and use of     electronic media

III.            Faster response to both marketers and the end user

IV.            Increased ability to measure and collect data

V.            Opens the possibility to a market of one through personalization

VI.            Increased interactivity

VII.            Increased exposure of products and services

VIII.            Boundless universal accessibility

Disadvantages

I.            Dependability on technology

II.            Security, privacy issues

III.            Maintenance costs due to a constantly evolving environment

IV.            Higher transparency of pricing and increased price competition

V.            Worldwide competition through globalisation

6. what is e-procurement

E-procurement (electronic procurement, sometimes also known as supplier exchange) is the business-to-business or business-to-consumer or business-to-government purchase and sale of supplies, work, and services through the Internet as well as other information and networking systems, such as electronic data interchange and enterprise resource planning.

7.  What is e-publishing

Electronic publishing (also referred to as e-publishing or digital publishing) includes the     digital publication of e-books, digital magazines, and the development of digital libraries and catalogues. Electronic publishing has become common in scientific publishing where it has been argued that peer-reviewed scientific journals are in the process of being replaced by electronic publishing. It is also becoming common to distribute books, magazines, and newspapers to consumers through tablet reading devices, a market that is growing by millions each year

8. What are the benefit of e-auctions to sellers and buyers.

Benefits to Buyers

I.            removes the human factor from price negotiation not all buyers are good negotiators, and, by definition, only a handful of buyers can be selected as your best negotiators higher average cost reduction especially when compared to a basic 3-bids-and-a-buy RFx process

II.            increased efficiency and price transparency what used to take months can now be done in a couple of weeks as long as you put in the effort

III.            assists in the identification of the “best total cost” supplier as you can also track “bids” on delivery terms and conditions

IV.            a foundation for supplier relationship development not only are they open and fair (done right and ethically), but

V.            they require a great deal of communication up front and post auction (including to losing suppliers) to get right

Supplier Benefits

I.            it’s a fair and competitive bidding environment everyone has an equal chance of winning

II.            more efficient process they’ll have their answer quickly, and no paper to fuss with

III.            increased business opportunities they could have more opportunities than they would otherwise

IV.            collaborative bidding environment they can ask questions, and get answers

V.            even if they lose, they still get good information they can see what the market is bidding, and find out why they
didn’t win (if you follow the ethics above)

VI.            open processes require trust even if they lose, they can get the information they need to potentially win your business in the future

ü  9. What is e-advertising. What are methods used in e-advertising in EC organization.
e-advertising

Electronic advertising is advertising that uses the Internet and other forms of digital media to help a business promote and sell goods and services.

ü  methods used in e-advertising in EC organization.

Brochures or flyers

·         Direct mail

Mail sent directly from you to your customers can be highly customized to suit their nature and needs.

·         Television ads

Many people don't even consider television ads because of the impression that the ads are very expensive

·         Magazines

Magazines ads can get quite expensive

10 .  What is facebook, instagram and twitter?

instagram

Instagram is a free online photo sharing and social network platform that was acquired by Facebook in 2012.Instagram allows members users to upload, edit and share photos with other members through the Instagram website, email, and social media sites such as Twitter, Facebook, Tumblr, Foursquare and Flickr.

Facebook

Facebook (stylized as facebook) is a for-profit corporation and online social networking service based in Menlo Park, California, United States. The Facebook website was launched on February 4, 2004, by Mark Zuckerberg, along with fellow Harvard College students and roommates, Eduardo Saverin, Andrew McCollum, Dustin Moskovitz, and Chris Hughes

Twitter

Twitter is an online social networking service that enables users to send and read short 140-character messages called "tweets". Registered users can read and post tweets, but those who are unregistered can only read them. Users access Twitter through the website interface, SMS or mobile device app.Twitter Inc. is based in San Francisco and has more than 25 offices around the world

# data[].attributes.body
1.What is e-procurement

E-procurement (electronic procurement, sometimes also known as supplier exchange) is the business-to-business or business-to-consumer or business-to-government purchase and sale of supplies, work, and services through the Internet as well as other information and networking systems, such as electronic data interchange and enterprise resource planning.

2. What is e-tendering.

An internet based process wherein the complete tendering process  from advertising to receiving and submitting tender-related information are done online. This enables firms to be more efficient as paper-based transactions are reduced or eliminated, facilitating for a more speedy exchange of information

What is it advantages and disadvantages

Advantages

E- tendering is useful because it guides you through a very structured process. Unlike conventional tendering, e-tendering takes you step by step through the tender and sometimes you even have to complete one part before you can progress to the next. Even if that is not the case, the e-tendering system will be divided into discrete sections and usually an e-tender will have very prescriptive questions so it will be easier to give the client the response they are looking for.

With the layout and the questions clearly stated you do not have to worry about format or form and no one has any advantages because of their flair for design.

I also believe that e-tendering goes some way to levelling the playing field, everyone is answering the same questions and often within a set word limit so it should be much easier for the evaluator to reach an objective decision with an e-tender than a conventional tender.

An e-tender usually has some fool proofing to it. So you cannot submit an e-tender unless you have completed mandatory sections or at the very least it will warn you that you have not attached the documents. This means it is almost impossible to submit a non compliant bid.

Using an e-tendering portal (e-portal) also means that it is much easier to pick up where you left off some e tendering portals even have a percentage telling you much you have submitted

Disadvantages

The downside of e-tendering is that there can be a lot of questions and I mean A LOT. It can seem like a marathon and often the questions do not seem to link through to one another.

This makes e-tendering difficult to do for long spells. With a traditional narrative tender I can often sit down and write for six or eight hours, sometimes even longer. With the e-tendering system it is more like two or three. The questions can be disjointed and badly worded and it breaks up the flow. Sometimes the tenders are very dense and confusing, difficult to navigate and even more difficult to access in the first place.

E-tendering can be quite prescriptive and as such it does not leave as much room for innovation. It can be done but it is much harder and I believe much more risky.

Whatever you do when you are completing a tender via an e-tendering system save your work regularly.

3. What is e-learning.

e-learning is electronic learning, and typically this means using a computer to deliver part, or all of a course whether it's in a school, part of your mandatory business training or a full distance learning course.

What are the issues associated with elearning.

1.       Adaptability Struggle.
Switching from traditional classroom and face to face instructor training to computer-based training in a virtual classroom makes the learning experience entirely different for students. Their resistance to change doesn’t allow them to adapt to the online learning environment, whereas it takes time for them to get accustomed to Course Management Systems (CMS) and the methods of computer-based education. While passive listening and notes taking are expected in a traditional classroom, online discussions or creating a web page demand springing into action. Students with a “traditional” mindset find it difficult to adapt; however, they need to accept the new learning circumstances with an open mind and heart. Understanding the benefits of eLearning and even discussing them with their peers may change this mindset and better prepare students for online classes.

2.       Technical Issues.
Many students are not provided with the high bandwidth or the strong internet connection that online courses require, and thus fail to catch up with their virtual classmates: Their weak monitors make it hard to follow the Course Management System and their learning experience becomes problematic. Moreover, most of them live off campus and find it difficult to keep in tune with the technical requirements of the chosen course. Some of them don’t even own computers and seek help in Learning Resource Centers for technical assistance. The only solution to this problem is knowing exactly what kind of technological support they will need for a certain course before enrolling in it, as well as properly equipping themselves for the course’s successful completion.

3.       Computer Literacy.
Although students are generally tech savvy, and thus able to manage computers well, lack of computer literacy is a major issue among students today. Many of them cannot operate basic programs such as Microsoft Word and PowerPoint and therefore are not able to handle their files. Furthermore, many students find fixing basic computer problems troublesome, as they have no knowledge in this area. However, technological proficiency is a must for following online courses, as it enables students to manage their assignments and courseware in an organized manner without struggling. Basic courses in computer literacy enhance students’ knowledge in the field; having a fundamental knowledge of computer hardware would help them participate in online classes without interruptions and hindrances.

4.       Time Management.
Time management is a difficult task for eLearners, as online courses require a lot of time and intensive work. Furthermore, whereas it is mostly adults who prefer web-based learning programs for their place and time flexibility, they rarely have the time to take the courses due to their various everyday commitments. A regular schedule planner would be a significant help to these learners, as they could even set reminders for their courses and assignments.

5.       Self-Motivation.
Self-motivation is an eLearning essential requirement; however, many online learners lack it, much to their surprise. After enrolling in distance learning courses, many learners fall behind and nurture the idea of giving up, as difficulties in handling a technological medium also seem insurmountable. Students need to find the motivation to follow the new educational trends and also properly equip themselves for future challenges in their education and careers. Only a positive attitude will help them overcome the challenges in eLearning; though this is hard to practice, students need to understand that it is necessary in order to reap the eLearning’s benefits in the future.

4. What are the approaches used in marketing and advertising.

Direct Community Interaction With Stakeholders

Whenever possible, marketers and communicators should directly interact with their primary stakeholders. Whether the topic is sales, donations, input on ideas, agreement on civil actions, public resolution of customer issues, customer reviews, or other actions, direct communication is most likely to produce outcomes---and do so quickly.

Top-Down Influence Approaches

The top-down attitude is one in which media—events, PR, some types of advertising campaigns, and well-known influencers—are used to “inform” the marketplace about new products. The message comes to the marketplace from a position of authority, and the source hopes that the positions of media voices, celebrities, and bloggers are enough to persuade customers.

The Groundswell

Not every company has the luxury of an established customer base for its products and services, nor the resources to support advertising and promotional campaigns. The groundswell method of marketing a product or service is fostering word of mouth-marketing to loyal customers by the individual, who shares with dozens, and so forth.

Flanking Techniques

The direct, top-down, and groundswell approaches are common in traditional advertising, social media, public relations, networking, and direct marketing disciplines.

But sometimes, a company has regulations and obstructions, or a lack of a loyal customer base, or no one is talking positively about it, etc. Then that communications effort must employ flanking techniques, such as advertising, content marketing, or search engine optimization (SEO) as primary tools.

5.what the advantages and disadvantages of market research in emarket

Advantages

1-Extremely low risk

2-Reduction in costs through automation and use of electronic media

3-Faster response to both marketers and the end user

4-Increased ability to measure and collect data

5-Opens the possibility to a market of one through personalisation

6-Increased interactivity

7-Increased exposure of products and services

8-Boundless universal accessibility

Disadvantages

1-Dependability on technology

2-Security, privacy issues

3-Maintenance costs due to a constantly evolving environment

4-Higher transparency of pricing and increased price competition

5-Worldwide competition through globalisation

6.       what is e-procurement

E-procurement (electronic procurement, sometimes also known as supplier exchange) is the business-to-business or business-to-consumer or business-to-government purchase and sale of supplies, work, and services through the Internet as well as other information and networking systems, such as electronic data interchange and enterprise resource planning.

7.What is epublishing

Electronic publishing (also referred to as e-publishing or digital publishing) includes the digital publication of e-books, digital magazines, and the development of digital libraries and catalogues. Electronic publishing has become common in scientific publishing where it has been argued that peer-reviewed scientific journals are in the process of being replaced by electronic publishing.

8.What are the benefit of e-auctions to sellers and buyers.

Benefit to seller

it’s a fair and competitive bidding environment everyone has an equal chance of winning

more efficient process they’ll have their answer quickly, and no paper to fuss with

increased business opportunities they could have more opportunities than they would otherwise

collaborative bidding environment they can ask questions, and get answers

even if they lose, they still get good information they can see what the market is bidding, and find out why they
didn’t win (if you follow the ethics above)

open processes require trust even if they lose, they can get the information they need to potentially win your business in the future

Benefit to buyer

removes the human factor from price negotiation not all buyers are good negotiators, and, by definition, only a handful of buyers can be selected as your best negotiators

higher average cost reduction especially when compared to a basic 3-bids-and-a-buy RFx process

increased efficiency and price transparency what used to take months can now be done in a couple of weeks as long as you put in the effort

assists in the identification of the “best total cost” supplier as you can also track “bids” on delivery terms and conditions

a foundation for supplier relationship development not only are they open and fair (done right and ethically), but
they require a great deal of communication up front and post auction (including to losing suppliers) to get right

9. What is e-advertising.

Electronic advertising is advertising that uses the Internet and other forms of digital media to help a business promote and sell goods and services.

What are methods used in e-advertising in EC organization.

Brochures or flyers

Many desk-top publishing and word-processing software packages can produce highly attractive tri-fold (an 8.5 inch by 11-inch sheet folded in thirds) brochures. Brochures can contain a great deal of information if designed well, and are becoming a common method of advertising.

Direct mail

Mail sent directly from you to your customers can be highly customized to suit their nature and needs. You may want to build a mailing list of your current and desired customers. Collect addresses from customers by noticing addresses on their checks, asking them to fill out information cards, etc. Keep the list online and up-to-date. Mailing lists can quickly become out-of-date. Notice mailings that get returned to you. This should be used carefully and it can incur substantial cost, you don't want to inundate your stakeholders with information so make the most of your message.

E-mail messages

These can be wonderful means to getting the word out about your business. Design your e-mail software to include a "signature line" at the end of each of your e-mail messages. Many e-mail software packages will automatically attach this signature line to your e-mail, if you prefer.

Magazines

Magazines ads can get quite expensive. Find out if there's a magazine that focuses on your particular industry. If there is one, then the magazine can be very useful because it already focuses on your market and potential customers. Consider placing an ad or writing a short article for the magazine. Contact a reporter to introduce yourself. Reporters are often on the look out for new stories and sources from which to collect quotes.

Newsletters

This can be powerful means to conveying the nature of your organization and its services. Consider using a consultant for the initial design and layout. Today's desktop publishing tools can generate very interesting newsletters quite inexpensively.

Newspapers

Almost everyone reads the local, major newspaper(s). You can get your business in the newspaper by placing ads, writing a letter to the editor or working with a reporter to get a story written about your business. Advertising can get quite expensive. Newspaper are often quite useful in giving advice about what and how to advertise. Know when to advertise -- this depends on the buying habits of your customers.

10. What is facebook, instagram and twitter?

Facebook

Facebook is probably the best known of the social networking sites. Created in 2004 by Mark Zuckerberg and his friends, originally as a way for students at Harvard University to get to know each other, it's now believed to have over a billion active users. Some of its functionality – such as Facebook Connect, a way to sign up to other websites using your Facebook login details – appears across thousands of other websites.

Instagram

Instagram is a social networking app made for sharing photos and videos from a smartphone. Similar to Facebook or Twitter, everyone who creates an account has a profile and a news feed.

When you post a photo or video on Instagram, it will be displayed on your profile. Other users who follow you will see your posts in their own feed. Likewise, you'll see posts from other users who you choose to follow.

Twitter

Twitter is a free social networking microblogging service that allows registered members to broadcast short posts called tweets. Twitter members can broadcast tweets and follow other users' tweets by using multiple platforms and devices. Tweets and replies to tweets can be sent by cell phone text message, desktop client or by posting at the Twitter.comwebsite.

# data[].attributes.body
1. What is e-procurement

E-procurement (electronic procurement, sometimes also known as supplier exchange) is the business-to-business or business-to-consumer or business-to-government purchase and sale of supplies, work, and services through the Internet as well as other information and networking systems, such as electronic data interchange and enterprise resource planning.

2. What is e-tendering. What is it advantages and disadvantages

E - tendering is an internet based process wherein the complete tendering process; from advertising to receiving and submitting tender-related information are done online. This enables firms to be more efficient as paper-based transactions are reduced or eliminated, facilitating for a more speedy exchange of information.

Advantages and disadvantages of e-tendering

1.       Guides  through a very structured process. Unlike conventional tendering, e-tendering takes step by step through the tender and sometimes  have to complete one part before you can progress to the next.

2.

3.        E-tendering system will be divided into discrete sections and usually an e-tender will have very prescriptive questions so it will be easier to give the client the response they are looking for.

4.       E-tendering goes some way to levelling the playing field, everyone is answering the same questions and often within a set word limit so it should be much easier for the evaluator to reach an objective decision with an e-tender than a conventional tender.

5.       Using an e-tendering portal (e-portal) , it is much easier to pick up where you left off some e tendering portals even have a percentage telling you much you have submitted

Disadvantages of e-tendering

1.       E-tendering can be quite prescriptive and as such it does not leave as much room for innovation. It can be done but it is much harder and I believe much more risky.

3.       What is e-learning. What are the issues associated with e-learning.

E-learning is electronic learning, and typically this means using a computer to deliver part, or all of a course whether it's in a school, part of your mandatory business training or a full distance learning course.There are issue associated to e-learning

Adaptability Struggle.

Switching from traditional classroom and face to face instructor training to computer-based training in a virtual classroom makes the learning experience entirely different for students. Their resistance to change doesn’t allow them to adapt to the online learning environment, whereas it takes time for them to get accustomed to Course Management Systems (CMS) and the methods of computer-based education. While passive listening and notes taking are expected in a traditional classroom, online discussions or creating a web page demand springing into action. Students with a “traditional” mindset find it difficult to adapt; however, they need to accept the new learning circumstances with an open mind and heart. Understanding the benefits of eLearning and even discussing them with their peers may change this mindset and better prepare students for online classes.

Technical Issues.

Many students are not provided with the high bandwidth or the strong internet connection that online courses require, and thus fail to catch up with their virtual classmates: Their weak monitors make it hard to follow the Course Management System and their learning experience becomes problematic. Moreover, most of them live off campus and find it difficult to keep in tune with the technical requirements of the chosen course. Some of them don’t even own computers and seek help in Learning Resource Centers for technical assistance. The only solution to this problem is knowing exactly what kind of technological support they will need for a certain course before enrolling in it, as well as properly equipping themselves for the course’s successful completion.

Computer Literacy.

Although students are generally tech savvy, and thus able to manage computers well, lack of computer literacy is a major issue among students today. Many of them cannot operate basic programs such as Microsoft Word and PowerPoint and therefore are not able to handle their files. Furthermore, many students find fixing basic computer problems troublesome, as they have no knowledge in this area. However, technological proficiency is a must for following online courses, as it enables students to manage their assignments and courseware in an organized manner without struggling. Basic courses in computer literacy enhance students’ knowledge in the field; having a fundamental knowledge of computer hardware would help them participate in online classes without interruptions and hindrances.

Time Management.

Time management is a difficult task for eLearners, as online courses require a lot of time and intensive work. Furthermore, whereas it is mostly adults who prefer web-based learning programs for their place and time flexibility, they rarely have the time to take the courses due to their various everyday commitments. A regular schedule planner would be a significant help to these learners, as they could even set reminders for their courses and assignments.

4.       What are the approaches used in marketing and advertising.

Create a Customer Service Charter.

formulate a detailed 'Customer Service Charter', or customer service , extending both your mission statement and your service offer, so as to inform staff and customers what your standards are. When you have very few staff (like one or two) it is possible to communicate these ideas without necessarily writing them all down, but more than this really requires some sort of written record of these standards. In any event it is good to be able to show these statements of intent and quality to your customers. These standards can cover quite detailed aspects of your service, such as how many times the telephone will be permitted to ring until the caller is gets an answer. Other issues might include for example: How you deal with complaints. How you handle suggestions and requests from customers. What your waiting/delivery leadtimes are. How many days between receipt and response for written correspondence. These expectations should where relevant also be developed into specifically agreed standards of performance for certain customers or customer groups - often called Service Level Agreements (SLA's). Increasingly, customers are interested to know more about the organisation's values and philosophy as they relate to customers, together with more obvious detailed standards of customer service.

Establish a complaints procedure and timescales for each stage.

This charter sets customer expectations, so be sure you can meet them. Customers become disappointed particularly when their expectations are not met, and when so many standards can be set at arbitrary levels, think of each one as a promise that you should keep. Do not set standards that you do not believe you can achieve.

Remember an important rule about customer service: It's not so much the failure to meet standards that causes major dissatisfaction among customers: everyone can make a mistake. The most upset is due to not being told in advance of a problem, not receiving any apology, not getting any explanation why, and not hearing what's going to be done to put things right.

Establish systems to measure customer service and staff performance.

These standards need to be absolutely measurable. You must keep measuring your performance against them, and preferably publishing the results, internally and externally.

Customer complaints handling is a key element.

Measuring customer complaints is crucial because they are a service provider's barometer of quality and performance. You need to have a scheme which encourages, not discourages, customers to complain. Some surveys have found that nine out of ten people do not complain to the provider when they feel dissatisfied. But every one of them will tell at least a couple of their friends or relations. It is imperative that you capture these complaints in order to:

Fix the problem, and/or explain what you can do to address it and minimise its implications, if it cannot be fixed.

Put customers at ease and give explanations and reassurance to the person complaining. Listen and understand what lies behind the complaint, so that you can fix the situation, not just the service/product fault.

Reduce the chances of the customer complaining to someone else (friends, higher up in your organization, an industry watchdog, etc).

Monitor exactly how many dissatisfied customers you have and what the causes are. This is vitally important if you're regularly failing to deliver your mission statement or service offer.

5.       what the advantages and disadvantages of market research in emarket

Advantanges

- One of the most important advantages is the fast availability of the information. The clients/users can easily get information, by navigating the internet, about the products that they wish to purchase, and besides that, they can check the information at anytime of the day.

- It allows the companies to save money, an aspect that is really taken into account by the companies since the online marketing campaigns don’t require a large amount of investment.

- The previous mentioned aspect, gives less importance to the differences between large and small companies in some way, thus increasing the competition and giving that way advantages to the customers.

- Presence on the Internet can help the expansion of the company from a local market to national and international markets at the same time, offering almost infinite expanding possibilities.

- On the internet everything can be measured, thus it’s easier for the companies to know almost instantly if their campaign is working or not, what company or user is interested in their products, from what cities or countries are they.

Disadvantages

-  Slow internet connections can cause difficulties. If the companies build too complex or too large websites, it will take too long for users to check them or download them and they will get bored eventually..

- The e-commerce doesn’t allow the user “to touch” the merchandise before purchasing it. Because of this, some salesmen are starting to guarantee the possibility of returning the product. In Germany, where a law that regulates e-commerce and guarantees the customers the total refund of the money exists since 2000, the electronic commerce is very popular.

- Other factor is the payment: many users still don’t trust in the electronic methods of paying and give up buying online because of this.

-One of the major disadvantages may be the lack of trust of the users because of the constant virtual promotions that appear to be frauds. This is an aspect that deteriorates the image and reputation of quality and honest companies.

-Other disadvantage is the cash on delivery system, since it doesn’t guarantee the 100% purchase of the product. This is also the case of thousands of users that dedicate themselves to daily mock big companies by ordering on the internet using false identities.

6.       what is e-procurement

The business-to-business or business-to-consumer or business-to-government purchase and sale of supplies, work, and services through the Internet as well as other information and networking systems, such as electronic data interchange and enterprise resource planning.

7.What is epublishing

Electronic publishing (also referred to as e-publishing or digital publishing) includes the digital publication of e-books, digital magazines, and the development of digital libraries and catalogues. Electronic publishing has become common in scientific publishing where it has been argued that peer-reviewed scientific journals are in the process of being replaced by electronic publishing. It is also becoming common to distribute books, magazines, and newspapers to consumers through tablet reading devices, a market that is growing by millions each year  generated by online vendors such as Apple's iTunes bookstore, Amazon's bookstore for Kindle, and books in the Google Play Bookstore.

8.What are the benefit of e-auctions to sellers and buyers.

Benefits to Buyers

- Removes the human factor from price negotiation not all buyers are good negotiators, and, by definition, only a handful of buyers can be selected as your best negotiators

- Higher average cost reduction especially when compared to a basic 3-bids-and-a-buy RFx process

- Increased efficiency and price transparency what used to take months can now be done in a couple of weeks as long as you put in the effort

- Assists in the identification of the “best total cost” supplier as you can also track “bids” on delivery terms and conditions

- A foundation for supplier relationship development not only are they open and fair (done right and ethically), but they require a great deal of communication up front and post auction (including to losing suppliers) to get right

Benefits To Seller

- It is a fair and competitive bidding environment everyone has an equal chance of winning

- More efficient process they’ll have their answer quickly, and no paper to fuss with

-  Increased business opportunities they could have more opportunities than they would otherwise

- collaborative bidding environment they can ask questions, and get answers

-Even if they lose, they still get good information they can see what the market is bidding, and find out why they didn’t win .

- Open processes require trust even if they lose, they can get the information they need to potentially win your business in the future

9. What is e-advertising. What are methods used in e-advertising in EC organization.

Electronic advertising is advertising that uses the Internet and other forms of digital media to help a business promote and sell goods and services.

The methos used is banner and radio . When the customer see the banner , so they will attract them to buy and come . It also will increase sale . Radio also used as a method . Nowadays , most of the people are hearing to radio about some product and advertisement .

10 What is facebook, instagram and twitter?

·         Facebook is a popular free social networking website that allows registered users to create profiles, upload photos and video, send messages and keep in touch with friends, family and colleagues.

·         Instagram is an online mobile photo-sharing, video-sharing, and social networking service that enables its users to take pictures and videos, and share them either publicly or privately on the app, as well as through a variety of other social networking platforms. Most of them are using istagram as a business method .

·         Twitter is a free social networking microblogging service that allows registered members to broadcast short posts called tweets. Twitter members can broadcast tweets and follow other users' tweets by using multiple platforms and devices. Tweets and replies to tweets can be sent by cell phone text message, desktop client or by posting at the Twitter.com website. The default settings for Twitter are public. Unlike Facebook or LinkedIn, where members need to approve social connections, anyone can follow anyone on publicTwitter. To weave tweets into a conversation thread or connect them to a general topic, members can add hashtags to a keyword in their post. The hashtag, which acts like a meta tag, is expressed as #keyword. O

# data[].attributes.body
1.      What is e-procurement

·           E-procurement (electronic procurement, sometimes also known as supplier exchange) is the business-to-business or business-to-consumer or business-to-government purchase and sale of supplies, work, and services through the internet as well as other information and networking systems, such as electronic data interchange and enterprise resource planning.

2.      What is e-tendering. What is it advantages and disadvantages.

·         An internet based process wherein the complete tendering process; from advertising to receiving and submitting tender-related information are done online. This enables firms to be more efficient as paper-based transactions are reduced or eliminated, facilitating for a more speedy exchange of information.
Advantages of e-tendering

-       E- tendering is useful because it guides you through a very structured process.

-       E-tendering takes you step by step through the tender and sometimes you even have to complete one part before you can progress to the next.

-       the e-tendering system will be divided into discrete sections and usually an e-tender will have very prescriptive questions so it will be easier to give the client the response they are looking for.

-       Using an e-tendering portal (e-portal) also means that it is much easier to pick up where you left off some e tendering portals even have a percentage telling you much you have submitted

Disadvantages of e-tendering

-       The downside of e-tendering is that there can be a lot of questions.

-        It can seem like a marathon and often the questions do not seem to link through to one another.

-        E-tendering difficult to do for long spells

-       With the e-tendering system it is more like two or three.

-       Sometimes the tenders are very dense and confusing, difficult to navigate and even more difficult to access in the first place.

-       E-tendering can be quite prescriptive and as such it does not leave as much room for innovation.

-       It can be done but it is much harder and I believe much more risky.

3.     What is e-learning. What are the issues associated with elearning.

·         e-Learning is learning utilizing electronic technologies to access educational curriculum outside of a traditional classroom.  In most cases, it refers to a course, program or degree delivered completely online.

·         Issue:

-       Technical Issues.
Many students are not provided with the high bandwidth or the strong internet connection that online courses require, and thus fail to catch up with their virtual classmates.

-       Time Management.
Time management is a difficult task for e-learners, as online courses require a lot of time and intensive work

4.       What are the approaches used in marketing and advertising.

i)                   Marketing:

-       Product: Anything that can be offered to a market for attention, acquisition, use or consumption that might satisfy a want or need. In includes physical objects, services, persons, places, organizations and ideas.

-       Price: The amount of money charged for a product or service, or the sum of the values that consumers exchange for the benefits of having or using the product or service.

-       Promotion: Activities that communicate the product or service and its merits to target customers with a view to persuading them to buy.

-       Place: All the company’s activities that make the product or service available to target customers.

ii)                Advertising:

-       avante garde:the suggestion that using this product puts the user ahead of the times e.g. a toy manufacturer encourages kids to be the first on their block to have a new toy.

-       facts and figures:statistics and objective factual information is used to prove the superiority of the product e.g. a car manufacturer quotes the amount of time it takes their car to get from 0 to 100 k.p.h.

-       weasel words: “weasel words" are used to suggest a positive meaning without actually really making any guarantee e.g. a scientist says that a diet product might help you to lose weight the way it helped him to lose weight.

5.       what the advantages and disadvantages of market research in emarket.

Advantages

-         Low costs.  Due to drastically lower overhead, collecting data does not have to cost you thousands of dollars.

-         Automation and real-time access.  Respondents input their own data, and it is automatically stored electronically.

-         Less time.  Rapid deployment and return times are possible with online surveys that cannot be attained by traditional methods.  If you have bad contact information for some respondents, you'll know it almost right after you've sent out your surveys.

-         Convenience for respondents.  They can answer questions on their schedule, at their pace, and can even start a survey at one time, stop, and complete it later.

Disadvantages

-         Limited sampling and respondent availability.  Certain populations are less likely to have internet access and to respond to online questionnaires.  It is also harder to draw probability samples based on e-mail addresses or website visitations.

-         Possible cooperation problems.  Although online surveys in many fields can attain response rates equal to or slightly higher than that of traditional modes, internet users today are constantly bombarded by messages and can easily delete your advances.

-         No interviewer.  A lack of a trained interviewer to clarify and probe can possibly lead to less reliable data.

6.      What is e-procurement

-         E-procurement (electronic procurement, sometimes also known as supplier exchange) is the business-to-business or business-to-consumer or business-to-government purchase and sale of supplies, work, and services through the internet as well as other information and networking systems, such as electronic data interchange and enterprise resource planning.

7.      What is epublishing

·         Electronic publishing (also referred to as e-publishing or digital publishing) includes the digital publication of e-books, digital magazines, and the development of digital libraries and catalogues.

8.      What are the benefit of e-auctions to sellers and buyers.

a)    Benefits to Buyers

·removes the human factor from price negotiation not all buyers are good negotiators, and, by definition, only a handful of buyers can be selected as your best negotiators

·higher average cost reduction especially when compared to a basic 3-bids-and-a-buy RFx process

· increased efficiency and price transparency what used to take months can now be done in a couple of weeks as long as you put in the effort

b)    Benefits to sellers

· it’s a fair and competitive bidding environment everyone has an equal chance of winning

· more efficient process they’ll have their answer quickly, and no paper to fuss with

· increased business opportunities they could have more opportunities than they would otherwise

· collaborative bidding environment they can ask questions, and get answers

9.       What is e-advertising. What are methods used in e-advertising in EC organization.

-          Online advertising, also called online marketing or Internet advertising or webadvertising, is a form of marketing and advertising which uses the Internet to deliver promotional marketing messages to consumers.

-         Method used:
Brochures or flyers

-- Many desk-top publishing and word-processing software packages can produce highly attractive tri-fold (an 8.5 inch by 11-inch sheet folded in thirds) brochures. Brochures can contain a great deal of information if designed well, and are becoming a common method of advertising

10.  What is facebook, instagram and twitter?

a)    FACEBOOK.
Facebook is a popular free social networking website that allows registered users to create profiles, upload photos and video, send messages and keep in touch with friends, family and colleagues.

b)    INSTAGRAM.
Instagram is a social networking app made for sharing photos and videos from a smartphone. Similar to Facebook or Twitter, everyone who creates an account has a profile and a news feed. When you post a photo or video on Instagram, it will be displayed on your profile.

c)     TWITTER.
Twitter is an online social networking service that enables users to send and read short 140-character messages called "tweets". Registered users can read and post tweets, but those who are unregistered can only read them.

# data[].attributes.body
an e-Tendering System (or Electronic Tendering System) facilitates the complete tendering process from the advertising of the requirement through to the placing of the contract. This includes the exchange of all relevant documents in electronic format.

advantages
a)    Reducing cost

Costs can be reduced by leveraging volume, having structured supplier relationships and by using system improvements to reduce external spend while improving quality and supplier performance.

b)    Visibility of spend

Centralized tracking of transactions enables full reporting on requisitions, items purchased, orders processes and payments made.

c)    Productivity

Internal customers can obtain the items they want from a catalogue of approved items through an on-line requisition and ordering system.

# data[].attributes.body
1.What is e-procurement
Electronic procurement, also known as e-procurement, is the business-to-business (B2B) requisitioning, ordering and purchasing of goods and services over the internet

2. What is e-tendering. What is it advantages and disadvantages
3. What is e-learning. What are the issues associated with elearning.
4. What are the approaches used in marketing and advertising.
5. what the advantages and disadvantages of market research in emarket
6. what is e-procurement
7.What is epublishing
8. What are the benefit of e-auctions to sellers and buyers.
9. What is e-advertising. What are methods used in e-advertising in EC organization.
10 What is facebook, instagram and twitter?

# data[].attributes.body
1.    What is e-Procurement
Is the business-to-business or business-to-consumer or business-to-government purchase and sale of supplies, work, and services through the Internet as well as other information and networking system, such as electronic data interchange and enterprise resources planning

2.    What is e-tendering
an e-Tendering System (or Electronic Tendering System) facilitates the complete tendering process from the advertising of the requirement through to the placing of the contract. This includes the exchange of all relevant documents in electronic format.
advantages :
-it guides through a structured process
-takes step by step through the tender and sometimes even have to complete one part before can progress to the next.
disadvantages:
- difficult to do for long spells.

3. What is e-learning. What are the issues associated with e-learning.

4. What are the approaches used in marketing and advertising.
5. what the advantages and disadvantages of market research in emarket
6. what is e-procurement
7.What is epublishing
8. What are the benefit of e-auctions to sellers and buyers.
9. What is e-advertising. What are methods used in e-advertising in EC organization.
10 What is facebook, instagram and twitter?

# data[].attributes.body
1.What is e-procurement

E-procurement also known as supplier exchange is the B2B or B2C or business-to-government purchase and sale of supplies, work, and services through the Internet as well as other information and networking systems, such as electronic data interchange

2.What is tendering, advantages and disadvantages
An internet based process wherein the complete tendering process; from advertising to receiving and submitting tender-related information are done online. This enables firms to be more efficient as paper-based transactions are reduced or eliminated, facilitating for a more speedy exchange of information.

Advantages

a)    Reducing cost

Costs can be reduced by leveraging volume, having structured supplier relationships and by using system improvements to reduce external spend while improving quality and supplier performance.

b)    Visibility of spend

Centralized tracking of transactions enables full reporting on requisitions, items purchased, orders processes and payments made.

c)    Productivity

Internal customers can obtain the items they want from a catalogue of approved items through an on-line requisition and ordering system.

Disadvantages

3. What is e-learning. What are the issues associated with elearning.
4. What are the approaches used in marketing and advertising.
5. what the advantages and disadvantages of market research in emarket
6. what is e-procurement
7.What is epublishing
8. What are the benefit of e-auctions to sellers and buyers.
9. What is e-advertising. What are methods used in e-advertising in EC organization.
10 What is facebook, instagram and twitter?

# data[].attributes.body
e-tendering

an internet based process where in the complete tendering process from advertising to receiving and submitting tender-related information are done online.

# data[].attributes.body
what is e-learning?
E-learning is learning utilizing electronic technologies to access educational curriculum outside of a traditional classroom. In most cases, it refers to a course, program or degree delivered completely online

# data[].attributes.body
What is e-learning?

E-learning is a process of learning using electronic devices which means its use computer to deliver or receive learning course.

The issues associated with e-learning is

1)      Its difficult for students to have access to internet all the time especially when they at home.

2)      The compare studying in classroom and studying in front of computer,it will bring a different experience of learning to students and they probably will face adaptability struggle.

3)      Technical issues is one of the main issues because it will interrupt the process of learning especially when they want to get the notes that has been posted by lecturers.

# data[].attributes.body
what is e-procurement                                                                              (electronic procurement, sometimes also known as supplier exchange) is the business-to-business or business-to-consumer or business-to-government purchase and sale of supplies, work, and services through the Internet as well as other information and networking systems, such as electronic data interchange and enterprise resource planning.

# data[].attributes.body
issue associated with e-learning
1.Adaptability struggle
Switching from traditional learning in classroom to e-learning will create a different environment.
2.Technical issues
A technical issues such as low internet connection will make the student left behind and need to catch up back.

# data[].attributes.body
Advantages of e tendering
1.Guide us through a very structured process
-takes us step by step through the tender
-e tender have very prescriptive question so it will be easier to give the client the respond they are looking for.

2.

# data[].attributes.body
What is Facebook
First started in US as a way for some college kids to stay in touch when they had left campus. Now its evolved since then to become one of the largest social networks in the world.

What is Instagram
Made for sharing photos and videos from a smartphone.

# data[].attributes.body
Disadvantage of e tendering

e-tendering difficult to do for long spells

The website can crash

Your computer can shut down or your desktop may be affected by a power cut

Your internet connection may suddenly go down

Your time on the e-tendering site may time out.

# data[].attributes.body
Advantage of e tendering

Manage suppliers’ bids online

eTendering system will automatically invite and manage submissions. People responsible for procurement can focus on things other than ensuring bids are submitted on time and with the right information.

Automate the eTendering process

eTendering helps by automating the process. It makes it easier to invite more potential bidders

Gain full audit trail and process intelligence

Every tendering process you run is generating intelligence about the process and providing a full-audit trail.

Reduce costs and run sustainable, environmentally responsible tenders

Bidders save on postage costs, eTendering reducing the need for printing and posting of multiple copies.

Reduce time-to-procure

eTendering reduces the time-to-procure by 30%. Shorter lead times mean lower overheads. Data-centric eTendering means more accurate responses and the ability to evaluate more effectively. "coCd�� �

# data[].attributes.headline
nazliatul husna                                                                            what is e-tendering?

# data[].attributes.subject
nazliatul husna                                                                            what is e-tendering?

# data[].attributes.body
E-tendering is an internet based process wherein the complete tendering process from advertising to receiving and submitting tender-related information are done online.

# data[].attributes.body
1. What is e-procurement

E-procurement (electronic procurement, sometimes also known as supplier exchange) is the business-to-business or business-to-consumer or business-to-government purchase and sale of supplies, work, and services through the Internet as well as other information and networking systems, such as electronic data interchange and enterprise resource planning.

2. What is e-tendering. What is it advantages and disadvantages

An internet based process wherein the complete tendering process; from advertising to receiving and submitting tender-related information are done online. This enables firms to be more efficient as paper-based transactions are reduced or eliminated, facilitating for a more speedy exchange of information.

Advantages.
E- tendering is useful because it guides you through a very structured process. Unlike conventional tendering, e-tendering takes you step by step through the tender and sometimes you even have to complete one part before you can progress to the next. Even if that is not the case, the e-tendering system will be divided into discrete sections and usually an e-tender will have very prescriptive questions so it will be easier to give the client the response they are looking for.
With the layout and the questions clearly stated you do not have to worry about format or form and no one has any advantages because of their flair for design.
An e-tender usually has some fool proofing to it. So you cannot submit an e-tender unless you have completed mandatory sections or at the very least it will warn you that you have not attached the documents. This means it is almost impossible to submit a non compliant bid.
Using an e-tendering portal (e-portal) also means that it is much easier to pick up where you left off some e tendering portals even have a percentage telling you much you have submitted

3. What is e-learning. What are the issues associated with elearning.
E-learning is learning conducted via electronic media, typically on the Internet.

related issue associated with e-learning is technical issues.
Many students are not provided with the high bandwidth or the strong internet connection that online courses require, and thus fail to catch up with their virtual classmates. Their weak monitors make it hard to follow the Course Management System and their learning experience becomes problematic. Moreover, most of them live off campus and find it difficult to keep in tune with the technical requirements of the chosen course.

4. What are the approaches used in marketing and advertising.
5. what the advantages and disadvantages of market research in emarket
6. what is e-procurement
7.What is epublishing
8. What are the benefit of e-auctions to sellers and buyers.
9. What is e-advertising. What are methods used in e-advertising in EC organization.
10 What is facebook, instagram and twitter?

FACEBOOK.
Facebook is a popular free social networking website that allows registered users to create profiles, upload photos and video, send messages and keep in touch with friends, family and colleagues.

INSTAGRAM.
Instagram is a social networking app made for sharing photos and videos from a smartphone. Similar to Facebook or Twitter, everyone who creates an account has a profile and a news feed. When you post a photo or video on Instagram, it will be displayed on your profile.

TWITTER.
Twitter is an online social networking service that enables users to send and read short 140-character messages called "tweets". Registered users can read and post tweets, but those who are unregistered can only read them.

# data[].attributes.body
E-procurement
the business to business or business to consumer or business to government purchase and sale of supplies ,work, and services through the internet as well as other information and networking systems, such as electronic data interchange and enterprise resource planning.

# data[].attributes.body
Advantages of E - Rendering

1.Manage suppliers’ bids online
By running you tendering process online, you benefit from a system that helps organise the process. An e-tendering system will automatically invite and manage submissions. This means the people responsible for procurement can focus on things other than ensuring bids are submitted on time and with the right information.

2.Automate the e-tendering process
E-tendering helps by automating the process. It makes it easier to invite more potential bidders and much easier to run negotiation models like reverse auctions to achieve the best pricing in the context of the best service offer.

3.Gain full audit trail and process intelligence
Every tendering process you run is generating intelligence about the process and providing a full-audit trail. This means that you’ll have visibility on what was submitted and when. However, it also means that you’ll also gain insight into the effectiveness of your tender processes.

4.Reduce costs and run sustainable, environmentally responsible tenders
Not only will bidders save on postage costs, e-tendering leaves a much lighter environmental footprint by reducing the need for printing and posting of multiple copies.

5.Reduce time-to-procure
E-tendering is the reduction in time-to-procure that it delivers. Traditional procurement can involve lengthy delays for PQQ, circulation of tender documents, rounds of questions and lots of chasing.Typically, it’s estimated that e-tendering reduces the time-to-procure by 30%. Shorter lead times mean lower overheads.

Disadvantages of E – Rendering

1.   Difficult to do for long spells.
The downside of e-tendering is that there can be a lot of questions. It can seem like a marathon and often the questions do not seem to link through to one another. With a traditional narrative tender I can often sit down and write for six or eight hours, sometimes even longer. With the e-tendering system it is more like two or three. The questions can be disjointed and badly worded and it breaks up the flow. Sometimes the tenders are very dense and confusing, difficult to navigate and even more difficult to access in the first place.

2.    More risky
E-tendering can be quite prescriptive and as such it does not leave as much room for innovation. It can be done but it is much harder and I believe much more risky.

# data[].attributes.body
E-learning is learning utilizing electronic technologies to access educational curriculum outside of a traditional classroom. In most cases, it refers to a course, program or degree delivered completely online.

# data[].attributes.body
disadvantages of e tender
The disadvantages is no formality when a two company are making contract.secondly,it may has no limit of distance relationship,but it limit on the face to face communication and makes we do not really know with whom we do business is.Next,it takes time to make procurement.

# data[].attributes.headline
asma amilia binti mahmad mahzir                                           what is e-learning?                 

# data[].attributes.subject
asma amilia binti mahmad mahzir                                           what is e-learning?                 

# data[].attributes.body
e-learning is electronic learning, and typically this means using a computer to deliver part, or all of a course whether it's in a school, part of your mandatory business training or a full distance learning course.

# data[].attributes.body
e-learning
The delivery of a learning, training or education program by electronic means. E-learning involves the use of a computer or electronic device (e.g. a mobile phone) in some way to provide training, educational or learning material.

# data[].attributes.body
1.    What is e-Procurement a
Is the business-to-business or business-to-consumer or business-to-government purchase and sale of supplies, work, and services through the Internet as well as other information and networking system, such as electronic data interchange and enterprise resources planning

2.    What is e-tendering
an e-Tendering System (or Electronic Tendering System) facilitates the complete tendering process from the advertising of the requirement through to the placing of the contract. This includes the exchange of all relevant documents in electronic format.
advantages :
-it guides through a structured process
-takes step by step through the tender and sometimes even have to complete one part before can progress to the next.
disadvantages:
- difficult to do for long spells.

3.What is e-learning. What are the issues associated with e-learning.
Is an electronic learning, and typically this means using a computer to deliver part, or all of a course whether it's in a school, part of your mandatory business training or a full distance learning course.
-issue associated with e-learning
1.Technical Issues.
Many students are not provided with the high bandwidth or the strong internet connection that online courses require, and thus fail to catch up with their virtual classmates.
2.Time Management.
Time management is a difficult task for e-learners, as online courses require a lot of time and intensive work.

4.. What are the approaches used in marketing and advertising.
Marketing:
i. Marketing
-Against a goal and timeline.
To optimize each particular tool, start putting together your inbound marketing campaign.
-The marketing report
The marketing report by continuously testing, optimizing and reporting on marketing efforts, will stay ahead of your competitors, better align with the rest of your organization and better be able to showcase marketing’s return on investment.

# data[].attributes.body
advantages of e tender

it makes all the activity become east as it online activity and has no limit of communicating.For example when a business is offering a tender to other business.The owner did not has to come to the other business location.E tender also can save time of procure as it can make tender activity faster.

# data[].attributes.body
What is Facebook?
Facebook is popular free social networking websites that allow users registered to create a profile,upload photos and video,send message and keep in touch with friends,family and colleagues.
What is Instagram?
Instagram is an online mobile photo sharing,video sharing and social networking services that enables users share their photo,video either publicly or privately
What is Twitter?
Twitter is free social networking that allowed register users broadcast short posts called tweets.Twitter members can follow others tweet by using multiple devices.

# data[].attributes.headline
asma amilia binti mahmad mahzir                                   what is e-tendering?

# data[].attributes.subject
asma amilia binti mahmad mahzir                                   what is e-tendering?

# data[].attributes.body
-          Manage suppliers’ bids online
-          Automate the eTendering process
-          Gain full audit trail and process intelligence
-          Reduce costs and run sustainable, environmentally responsible tenders

# data[].attributes.body
2.What is e-tendering

E-tendering is an internet based process wherein the complete tendering process; from advertising to receiving and submitting tender-related information are done online. This enables firms to be more efficient as paper-based transactions are reduced or eliminated, facilitating for a more speedy exchange of information.

The advantages of e-tendering is:

1.       Manage suppliers’ bids online

E-tendering system helps organise the process. An eTendering system will automatically invite and manage submissions. This means the people responsible for procurement can focus on things other than ensuring bids are submitted on time and with the right information.
A good eTendering system does more than allow us and the bidders to simply upload and download documents. By managing responses through the system you can streamline the comparison and evaluation of bids by requiring granular responses.

2.       Automate the eTendering process

From pre-qualification questionnaire (PQQ) and invitation to tender (ITT) to evaluation, negotiation and award, eTendering helps by automating the process. It makes it easier to invite more potential bidders and much easier to run negotiation.

3.       Gain full audit trail and process intelligence

A good platform will  have every tendering process you run is generating intelligence about the process and providing a full-audit trail. This means that you’ll have visibility on what was submitted and when. However, it also means that you’ll also gain insight into the effectiveness of your tender processes.

4.       Reduce costs and run sustainable, environmentally responsible tenders.Not only will bidders save on postage costs, eTendering leaves a much lighter environmental footprint by reducing the need for printing and posting of multiple copies.

5.Reduce time-to-procure

Alongside being able to use negotiation techniques as standard, what many organisations will find to be one of the main benefits of eTendering is the reduction in time-to-procure that it delivers. Traditional procurement can involve lengthy delays for PQQ, circulation of tender documents, rounds of questions and lots of chasing.
Typically, it’s estimated that eTendering reduces the time-to-procure by 30%. Shorter lead times mean lower overheads. Data-centric eTendering means more accurate responses and the ability to evaluate more effectively. Which means lower costs and better results.

The disadvantages of e-tendering is :

1. It takes a whole lot of time to complete the procurement action.

2. It requires strict adherence and compliance with the procedures.

3. It restricts the supplier from participating in determining the technical specifications.

4. It limits the possibility of building long-term relationship with suppliers.

5. It suppresses innovation.

6. It limits supplier participation because of its excessive formalism.

# data[].attributes.body
what is e tendering.
e tendering is making tender at online,all tender activity is do in online such advertising,receiving and many more

# data[].attributes.body
Advantages e-tendering
Manage suppliers’ bids online

By running you tendering process online, you benefit from a system that helps organise the process. An eTendering system will automatically invite and manage submissions. This means the people responsible for procurement can focus on things other than ensuring bids are submitted on time and with the right information.

A good eTendering system does more than allow you and the bidders to simply upload and download documents. By managing responses through the system you can streamline the comparison and evaluation of bids by requiring granular responses.

Automate the eTendering process

From pre-qualification questionnaire (PQQ) and invitation to tender (ITT) to evaluation, negotiation and award, eTendering helps by automating the process. It makes it easier to invite more potential bidders and much easier to run negotiation models like reverse auctions to achieve dgfev online casino the best pricing in the context of the best service offer.

Gain full audit trail and process intelligence

A good platform will, at its heart, be data-centric meaning that every tendering process you run is generating intelligence about the process and providing a full-audit trail. This means that you’ll have visibility on what was submitted and when. However, it also means that you’ll also gain insight into the effectiveness of your tender processes.

Reduce costs and run sustainable, environmentally responsible tenders

Not only will bidders save on postage costs, eTendering leaves a much lighter environmental footprint by reducing the need for printing and posting of multiple copies.

Reduce time-to-procure

Alongside being able to use negotiation techniques as standard, what many organisations will find to be one of the main benefits of eTendering is the reduction in time-to-procure that it delivers. Traditional procurement can involve lengthy delays for PQQ, circulation of tender documents, rounds of questions and lots of chasing.

Typically, it’s estimated that eTendering reduces the time-to-procure by 30%. Shorter lead times mean lower overheads. Data-centric eTendering means more accurate responses and the ability to evaluate more effectively. Which means lower costs and better results.

# data[].attributes.body
what is e-tendering
An internet based process wherein the complete tendering process; from advertising to receiving and submitting tender-related information are done online. This enables firms to be more efficient as paper-based transactions are reduced or eliminated, facilitating for a more speedy exchange of information.

# data[].attributes.body
e-tendering
An internet based process wherein the complete tendering process; from advertising to receiving and submitting tender-related information are done online. This enables firms to be more efficient as paper-based transactions are reduced or eliminated, facilitating for a more speedy exchange of information.

# data[].attributes.body
1. What is e-procurement
Business acitivity through internet like other business communicate with other business at online website

# data[].attributes.body
e-Procurement

e-Procurement refers to web-based procurement networks in which one or more companies source their suppliers at the lowest costs possible.

Sometimes, the term e-Procurement is  used interchangeably with 'business marketplaces' (B2B), 'electronic supply chains', 'trading hubs', or 'trading communities'.

# data[].attributes.body
3. What is e-learning. What are the issues associated with elearning.
-  Learning conduct via electronic media.  the issues associated with elearning are computer literacy, technical issue.

4. What are the approaches used in marketing and advertising.

5. what the advantages and disadvantages of market research in emarket
-advantage of market research in emarket is low cost, less time and convenienvce for others.
-disadvantage is limit sampling and respondent availability

6. what is e-procurement
- E-procurement known as supplier exchange is business to business or business to consumer purchase or sale good and service through the internet.

7.What is epublishing
E-publishing is include the digital publication of e-book, digital magazines and the development of digital libraries and catalogues.

8. What are the benefit of e-auctions to sellers and buyers.
-benefit e-auction to seller is more efficient process they'll have their answer quickly, and no paper to puss with. besides it also increase business opportunities they could have more than they would otherwise. it's a fair and competitive bidding environment so that everyone has same chance of winning.
-benefit e-auction to buyer is remove human factor from price negotiation not all buyers are good negotiator and by definition only a handful buyer can be select as good negotiator. it also reduce cost and increase efficiency.

9. What is e-advertising. What are methods used in e-advertising in EC organization.

10 What is facebook, instagram and twitter?
- Facebook is social free website that allow register user to create profile, upload photo and share video.
- Instagram is online mobile photo sharing, video sharing and social network service that enable its users to take video and picture and share them either privately or publicly.
-Twitter is free social networking micro blogging service that allow registered members to broadcast short post called tweet.

# data[].attributes.body
e-tendering is internet based process where the complete tendering process from advertising to receiving and submit tender related information are done by online

# data[].attributes.body
1. What is e-procurement
The use of internet or a company's intranet to procure goods and services used in the conduct of the business. An e-procurement system can streamline all aspects of the purchasing process while applying tighter controls over spending and product preferences.

2. What is e-tendering. What is it advantages and disadvantages
An internet based process wherein the complete tendering process; from advertising to receiving and submitting tender-related information are done online. This enables firms to be more efficient as paper-based transactions are reduced or eliminated, facilitating for a more speedy exchange of information.

3. What is e-learning. What are the issues associated with elearning.
4. What are the approaches used in marketing and advertising.
5. what the advantages and disadvantages of market research in emarket
6. what is e-procurement
7.What is epublishing
8. What are the benefit of e-auctions to sellers and buyers.
9. What is e-advertising. What are methods used in e-advertising in EC organization.
10 What is facebook, instagram and twitter?

# data[].attributes.body
What is e publishing?
referring to a type of publishing that does not include printed books. it takes the format of works published online, on a compact disk, emailed, or provided in a file format compatible with handheld electronic readers.

# data[].attributes.body
1.What is e-procurement

Electronic procurement, also known as e-procurement, is the business-to-business (B2B) requisitioning, ordering and purchasing of goods and services over the internet

2. What is e-tendering. What is it advantages and disadvantages

An internet based process wherein the complete tendering process;
from advertising to receiving and submitting tender-related information are done online. This enables firms to be more efficient as paper-based transactions are reduced or eliminated, facilitating for a more speedy exchange of information.

advantage
-provides for tender documentation to be distributed to tenderers via a web-based system.
-allows transmission of amendments to documents and tenderers' queries during the tender period and the submission of the final bids.
- improve communication between the teams working on a project
-reducing potential risk
-help to ensure that the project is delivered on time

disadvantage
- the website can crash
-the internet connection may suddenly go down
-the computer can shut down or your desktop may be affected by a power cut
-time on the e-tendering site may time out

3. What is e-learning. What are the issues associated with elearning.

e-learning is electronic learning, and typically this means using a computer to deliver part, or all of a course whether it's in a school, part of mandatory business training or a full distance learning course.

issues associated with e-learning
-teacher's personality including human contact is crucial for any educational process and it cannot be replaced by only technology.
-web as filtered environment- students can be anonymous, they can become very good technicians but with low empathy and social feeling
-time consuming and expensive course development, teachers have to do their normal job plus e-learning
-at present, too static learning programs and problems with proper pedagogial approaches
-web security threats- no central control, no embedded immunity.

4. What are the approaches used in marketing and advertising.

5. what the advantages and disadvantages of market research in emarket
6. what is e-procurement
7.What is epublishing
8. What are the benefit of e-auctions to sellers and buyers.
9. What is e-advertising. What are methods used in e-advertising in EC organization.
10 What is facebook, instagram and twitter?

# data[].attributes.body
1.What is e-procurement
E-procurement (electronic procurement, sometimes also known as supplier exchange) is the business-to-business or business-to-consumer or business-to-government purchase and sale of supplies, work, and services through the Internet as well as other information and networking systems, such as electronic data interchange and enterprise resource planning

2. What is e-tendering. What is it advantages and disadvantages
E tendering is simply where the procurement process is conducted online. So you create a user name and password, log on and from there you can:

Submit an expression of interest (EOI)

Complete and submit a PQQ (pre  qualification questionnaire)

Complete and submit a tender

Download all relevant bid and tender documents

Advantage

1.E- tendering is useful because it guides through a very structured process. Unlike conventional tendering, e-tendering takes  step by step through the tender and sometimes even have to complete one part before  can progress to the next. Even if that is not the case, the e-tendering system will be divided into discrete sections and usually an e-tender will have very prescriptive questions so it will be easier to give the client the response they are looking for.

2.With the layout and the questions clearly stated ,do not have to worry about format or form and no one has any advantages because of their flair for design.

3. E-tendering goes some way to levelling the playing field, everyone is answering the same questions and often within a set word limit so it should be much easier for the evaluator to reach an objective decision with an e-tender than a conventional tender.

4.An e-tender usually has some fool proofing to it. So cannot submit an e-tender unless have completed mandatory sections or at the very least it will warn that have not attached the documents. This means it is almost impossible to submit a non compliant bid.

5.Using an e-tendering portal (e-portal) also means that it is much easier to pick up where we left off some e tendering portals even have a percentage telling you much you have submitted

Disadvantage

1.The downside of e-tendering is that there can be a lot of questions and meana lot. It can seem like a marathon and often the questions do not seem to link through to one another.

2.This makes e-tendering difficult to do for long spells. With a traditional narrative tender we can often sit down and write for six or eight hours, sometimes even longer. With the e-tendering system it is more like two or three. The questions can be disjointed and badly worded and it breaks up the flow. Sometimes the tenders are very dense and confusing, difficult to navigate and even more difficult to access in the first place.

3.E-tendering can be quite prescriptive and as such it does not leave as much room for innovation. It can be done but it is much harder and I believe much more risky.

4.Whatever you do when you are completing a tender via an e-tendering system save your work regularly.

3. What is e-learning. What are the issues associated with elearning.

e learning: learning conducted via electronic media, typically on the Internet
i)Adaptability Struggle.
Switching from traditional classroom and face to face instructor training to computer-based training in a virtual classroom makes the learning experience entirely different for students. Their resistance to change doesn’t allow them to adapt to the online learning environment, whereas it takes time for them to get accustomed to Course Management Systems (CMS) and the methods of computer-based education

ii) Technical Issues.
Many students are not provided with the high bandwidth or the strong internet connection that online courses require, and thus fail to catch up with their virtual classmates: Their weak monitors make it hard to follow the Course Management System and their learning experience becomes problematic. Moreover, most of them live off campus and find it difficult to keep in tune with the technical requirements of the chosen course

4. What are the approaches used in marketing and advertising.

Advertising
i).Site targeting

Site retargeting enables advertisers to show an ad to previous site visitors when they are on third-party websites. Like many targeting technologies, retargeting relies heavily on anonymous cookies to follow up with previous site visitors.

ii).Creative Retargeting
Creative retargeting enables advertisers to show an ad specifically to visitors who previously were exposed to or interacted with the advertiser’s creative either on their site or through interactive elements (like widgets or rich media ads) on third-party sites.

iii)Search Retargeting
While not as commonplace, search retargeting is starting to grow based upon the power of keywords. As a consumer visits a search engine to look for something, the keywords used can also be passed down the line and allow display advertisers whose keyword lists overlap with the interest of the consumer to get their ads in front of more relevant eyeballs.
Marketing

1. Clarify Business Objectives
2.Use Innovation Teams to Identify, Evaluate and Activate Emerging Opportunities
3.Decouple Strategy and Innovation

5. what the advantages and disadvantages of market research in emarket

ADVANTAGE
i) fast availability of the information. The clients/users can easily get information, by navigating the internet, about the products that they wish to purchase, and besides that, they can check the information at anytime of the day.
It allows the companies to save money, an aspect that is really taken into account by the companies since the online marketing campaigns don’t require a large amount of investment.

ii)
DISADVANTAGE
i)Slow internet connections can cause difficulties. If the companies build too complex or too large websites, it will take too long for users to check them or download them and they will get bored eventually.
ii)Other factor is the payment: many users still don’t trust in the electronic methods of paying and give up buying online because of this.

6. what is e-procurement
e-Procurement is constantly evolving – but its foundation of improving customer/supplier relationships and internal business processes remains intact.

7.What is epublishing
Electronic publishing (also referred to as e-publishing or digital publishing) includes the digital publication of e-books, digital magazines, and the development of digital libraries and catalogue

8. What are the benefit of e-auctions to sellers and buyers.

Benefits to Buyers

1.removes the human factor from price negotiation not all buyers are good negotiators, and, by definition, only a handful of buyers can be selected as your best negotiators
2.increased efficiency and price transparency what used to take months can now be done in a couple of weeks as long as you put in the effort.

9. What is e-advertising. What are methods used in e-advertising in EC organization.

Online advertising, also called online marketing or Internet advertising or web advertising, is a form of marketing and advertising which uses the Internet to deliver promotional marketing messages to consumers.

10 What is facebook, instagram and twitter?

# data[].attributes.body
E-tendering is an internet based process wherein the complete tendering process from advertising to receiving and submitting tender-related information are done online. This enables firms to be more efficient as paper-based transactions are reduced or eliminated, facilitating for a more speedy exchange of information.

E-Tendering is the specific procedure. It is relatively simple but used on a large scale requires a substantial investment in IT equipment. The client organisation by means of an extranet uploads the documentation on to the system and it is sent out.

Contractors download the information and prepare their tender prices which are submitted electronically and may be amended any time up to the tender deadline.

So, e-tendering provides for tender documentation to be distributed to tenderers via a web-based system and allows transmission of amendments to documents and tenderers' queries during the tender period and the submission of the final bids.

# data[].attributes.body
10. What is facebook, instagram and twitter

FACEBOOK
Facebook is a popular free social networking website that allows registered users to create profiles, upload photos and video, send messages and keep in touch with friends, family and colleagues.

INSTAGRAM
Instagram is an online mobile photo-sharing, video-sharing, and social networking service that enables its users to take pictures and videos, and share them either publicly or privately on the app, as well as through a variety of other social networking platforms, such as Facebook, Twitter, Tumbler, and Flickr.

TWITTER
Twitter is a free social networking microblogging service that allows registered members to broadcast short posts called tweets. Twitter members can broadcast tweets and follow other users' tweets by using multiple platforms and devices

# data[].attributes.headline
Muhammad Nor Azril Adib Bin Azhari E-procurement 

# data[].attributes.subject
Muhammad Nor Azril Adib Bin Azhari E-procurement 

# data[].attributes.body
As known as supplier exchange. It is the business-to-business or business-to-consumer or business-to-government purchase and sale of supplies, work, and services through the Internet as well as other information and networking systems, such as electronic data interchange and enterprise resource planning.

# data[].attributes.body
1. What is e-procurement
-> Electronic procurement, also known as e-procurement, is the business-to-business, ordering and purchasing of goods and services over the internet.

2. What is e-tendering. What is it advantages and disadvantages
-> e-tendering is an internet based process where the complete tendering process, from advertising to receiving and submitting tender-related information are done online. Firms will be more efficient because paper-based transactions are reduced or eliminated for more speedy exchange of information.

-> Advantages of e-tendering

3. What is e-learning. What are the issues associated with elearning.
4. What are the approaches used in marketing and advertising.
5. what the advantages and disadvantages of market research in emarket
6. what is e-procurement
7.What is epublishing
8. What are the benefit of e-auctions to sellers and buyers.
9. What is e-advertising. What are methods used in e-advertising in EC organization.
10 What is facebook, instagram and twitter?
-> FACEBOOK is a popular social networking sites that people use to keep in touch with others, share photo, create profile and etc.
-> INSTAGRAM is online mobile photo, video sharing that enables people to share with others either privately or publicly.
-> TWITTER is an online social networking sites that allows people to write short message called tweets. People can follow and retweet

# data[].attributes.body
E-procurement is the Implementing an e Procurement system benefits all levels of an organisation. E Procurement systems offer improved spend visibility and control and help finance officers match purchases with purchase orders, receipts and job tickets.

An e-procurement system also manages tenders through a web site. This can be accessed anywhere globally and has greatly improved the accessibility of tenders.

# data[].attributes.body
An internet based process wherein the complete tendering process; from advertising to receiving and submitting tender-related information are done online. This enables firms to be more efficient as paper-based transactions are reduced or eliminated, facilitating for a more speedy exchange of information.

# data[].attributes.body
E-procurement (electronic procurement, sometimes also known as supplier exchange) is the business-to-business or business-to-consumer or business-to-government purchase and sale of supplies, work, and services through the Internet as well as other information and networking systems, such as electronic data interchange.

# data[].attributes.body
5. What is advantage and disadvantage of market research in e-market

Advantages

Low costs.  Due to drastically lower overhead, collecting data does not have to cost you thousands of dollars.

Automation and real-time access.  Respondents input their own data, and it is automatically stored electronically.  Analysis thus becomes easier and can be streamlined, and is available immediately.

Less time.  Rapid deployment and return times are possible with online surveys that cannot be attained by traditional methods.  If you have bad contact information for some respondents, you'll know it almost right after you've sent out your surveys.

Convenience for respondents.  They can answer questions on their schedule, at their pace, and can even start a survey at one time, stop, and complete it later.

Design flexibility.  Surveys can be programmed even if they are very complex.  Intricate skip patterns and logic can be employed seamlessly.  You can also require that respondents provide only one response to single-choice questions, which cuts down on error.

No interviewer.  Respondents may be more willing to share personal information because they're not disclosing it directly to another person.  Interviewers can also influence responses in some cases.

Disadvantages

Limited sampling and respondent availability.  Certain populations are less likely to have internet access and to respond to online questionnaires.  It is also harder to draw probability samples based on e-mail addresses or website visitations.

Possible cooperation problems.  Although online surveys in many fields can attain response rates equal to or slightly higher than that of traditional modes, internet users today are constantly bombarded by messages and can easily delete your advances.

No interviewer.  A lack of a trained interviewer to clarify and probe can possibly lead to less reliable data.

6. What is e-procurement
E-procurement (electronic procurement, sometimes also known as supplier exchange) is the business-to-business or business-to-consumer or business-to-government purchase and sale of supplies, work, and services through the internet as well as other information and networking systems, such as electronic data interchange and enterprise resource planning

7. What is e-publishing
Electronic publishing (also referred to as e-publishing or digital publishing) includes the digital publication of e-books, digital magazines, and the development of digital libraries and catalogues.

8. Benefit of e-auction to seller and buyer

BUYER BENEFIT

removes the human factor from price negotiation not all buyers are good negotiators, and, by definition, only a handful of buyers can be selected as your best negotiators

higher average cost reduction especially when compared to a basic 3-bids-and-a-buy RFx process

increased efficiency and price transparency what used to take months can now be done in a couple of weeks as long as you put in the effort

assists in the identification of the “best total cost” supplier as you can also track “bids” on delivery terms and conditions

a foundation for supplier relationship development not only are they open and fair (done right and ethically), but
they require a great deal of communication up front and post auction (including to losing suppliers) to get right

SELLER BENEFIT

it’s a fair and competitive bidding environment everyone has an equal chance of winning

more efficient process they’ll have their answer quickly, and no paper to fuss with

increased business opportunities they could have more opportunities than they would otherwise

collaborative bidding environment they can ask questions, and get answers

even if they lose, they still get good information they can see what the market is bidding, and find out why they
didn’t win

open processes require trust even if they lose, they can get the information they need to potentially win your business in the future

# data[].attributes.body
1. What is e-procurement
business-to-business or business-to-consumer or business-to-government purchase and sale of supplies, work, and services through the Internet as well as other information and networking systems, such as electronic data interchange and enterprise resource planning.

2. What is e-tendering. What is it advantages and disadvantages
E tendering is simply where the procurement process is conducted online. So you create a user name and password, log on and from there you can:

Submit an expression of interest (EOI)

Complete and submit a PQQ (pre qualification questionnaire)

Complete and submit a tender

Download all relevant bid and tender documents

Ask and receive responses for questions pertaining to your PQQ and Tender

Track the progress of your PQQ and tender

Receive notifications of any changes to the specification of the PQQ or tender

Keep all you PQQ and Tenders in one place (for that organisation)

Upload any relevant documents.

Benefits of e-tendering

E- tendering is useful because it guides you through a very structured process. Unlike conventional tendering, e-tendering takes you step by step through the tender and sometimes you even have to complete one part before you can progress to the next. Even if that is not the case, the e-tendering system will be divided into discrete sections and usually an e-tender will have very prescriptive questions so it will be easier to give the client the response they are looking for.

With the layout and the questions clearly stated you do not have to worry about format or form and no one has any advantages because of their flair for design.

I also believe that e-tendering goes some way to levelling the playing field, everyone is answering the same questions and often within a set word limit so it should be much easier for the evaluator to reach an objective decision with an e-tender than a conventional tender.

An e-tender usually has some fool proofing to it. So you cannot submit an e-tender unless you have completed mandatory sections or at the very least it will warn you that you have not attached the documents. This means it is almost impossible to submit a non compliant bid.

Using an e-tendering portal (e-portal) also means that it is much easier to pick up where you left off some e tendering portals even have a percentage telling you much you have submitted

Disadvantages of e-tendering

The downside of e-tendering is that there can be a lot of questions and I mean A LOT. It can seem like a marathon and often the questions do not seem to link through to one another.

This makes e-tendering difficult to do for long spells. With a traditional narrative tender I can often sit down and write for six or eight hours, sometimes even longer. With the e-tendering system it is more like two or three. The questions can be disjointed and badly worded and it breaks up the flow. Sometimes the tenders are very dense and confusing, difficult to navigate and even more difficult to access in the first place.

E-tendering can be quite prescriptive and as such it does not leave as much room for innovation. It can be done but it is much harder and I believe much more risky.

3. What is e-learning. What are the issues associated with elearning.

4. What are the approaches used in marketing and advertising.
5. what the advantages and disadvantages of market research in emarket
6. what is e-procurement
7.What is epublishing
8. What are the benefit of e-auctions to sellers and buyers.
9. What is e-advertising. What are methods used in e-advertising in EC organization.
10 What is facebook, instagram and twitter?

# data[].attributes.headline
asma amilia binti mahmad mahzir                                          what is e-tending?                                                                     An internet based process wherein the complete tendering process; from advertising to receiving and submitting tender-related information are done online. This enables firms to be more efficient as paper-based transactions are reduced or eliminated, facilitating for a more speedy exchange of information.

# data[].attributes.subject
asma amilia binti mahmad mahzir                                          what is e-tending?                                                                     An internet based process wherein the complete tendering process; from advertising to receiving and submitting tender-related information are done online. This enables firms to be more efficient as paper-based transactions are reduced or eliminated, facilitating for a more speedy exchange of information.

# data[].attributes.headline
asma amilia binti mahmad mahzir                                        what is e-procurement?                                                                E-procurement (electronic procurement, sometimes also known as supplier exchange) is the business-to-business or business-to-consumer or business-to-government purchase and sale of supplies, work, and services through the Internet as well as other information and networking systems, such as electronic data interchange and enterprise resource planning.

# data[].attributes.subject
asma amilia binti mahmad mahzir                                        what is e-procurement?                                                                E-procurement (electronic procurement, sometimes also known as supplier exchange) is the business-to-business or business-to-consumer or business-to-government purchase and sale of supplies, work, and services through the Internet as well as other information and networking systems, such as electronic data interchange and enterprise resource planning.

# data[].attributes.body
2. What is e-tendering. What is it advantages and disadvantages
3. What is e-learning. What are the issues associated with elearning.
4. What are the approaches used in marketing and advertising.
5. what the advantages and disadvantages of market research in emarket
6. what is e-procurement
7.What is epublishing
8. What are the benefit of e-auctions to sellers and buyers.
9. What is e-advertising. What are methods used in e-advertising in EC organization.
10 What is facebook, instagram and twitter?