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When students first start assessing their writing, either alone or with a partner, consider giving them a script to use. You could also use anchor charts that show positive ways in which to help with the assessment from the success criteria. A little guidance will go a long way.

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It's important for students to see the end product that they have helped each other create. Take the time to celebrate their writing and if peer-assessment was used it can even be used as a reflection piece as to how their partner helped them. Each student could then share their letter with their partner to say thank you. This helps students become accountable for their peer-assessment and builds a community of learners who work together.

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For peer-assessment, students need to feel comfortable with who they are working with. In the beginning stages, having the same partner might help some of your students feel less anxiety. Once the class has a good understanding of how to assess in a meaningful way, students can switch up to work with a different partner.

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The best way to teach students how to assess properly is to model it. This could take many times to do, so be patient.  For peer-assessment I would suggest finding a colleague to role-play with you. Students will really see how to do this properly by watching it being done.

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In order for students to properly assess themselves and others they need to have a certain amount of resiliency. They need to know that it's okay to make mistakes. In fact, their mistakes should be celebrated because that is where true learning lies. Unfortunately, many students do not have this ability. As educators we need to help students learn how to change a fixed mindset to a growth mindset.

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http://www.edutopia.org/article/growth-mindset-resources

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https://insight.typepad.co.uk/40_icebreakers_for_small_groups.pdf

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In order for assessment to work students need to feel they are in a safe environment. This can be achieved by getting to know your students at the beginning of the year through ice-breaker games. It's also important to carve out some non-pressure time together. Play a game, share stories, talk about fun things without the pressure of school related activities.

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The Main Aims of self and peer-assessment:

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The Main Aims of self and peer-assessment:

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• increase student responsibility and awareness

• strive for a more advanced and deeper understanding of the subject matter, skills and processes

• lift the role and status of the student from passive learner to active leaner and assessor
• involve students in critical reflection
• develop in students a better understanding of their own subjectivity and judgement.

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When students are involved in self-assessment it increases their awareness of the actual activity. They have a much more thorough understanding of what is expected of them and thus should be able to create a higher level of work.
Their judgement skills are also put to the test. Some students simply don't realize that the way they judge work  is not as fine tuned as it could be. Learning how to critique work is an important lesson.
Having an active role in the learning process is also a great way to keep students engaged in what they are doing. Responsibility can be given to children, even at the youngest of ages.